Further analysis of determinants of pentavalent and measles immunizations dropouts among children under five years of age in Ethiopia from Mini-EDHS 2019
Background: There is a concern that job dissatisfaction among health extension workers (HEWs) red... more Background: There is a concern that job dissatisfaction among health extension workers (HEWs) reduces the benefit of investment in the execution of health extension programs. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the level of job satisfaction and factors affecting it among the HEWs in the West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, eastern Ethiopia. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 randomly selected health extension workers from
Background Diarrhea is a serious health problem in children under the age of five that is both pr... more Background Diarrhea is a serious health problem in children under the age of five that is both preventable and treatable. In low-income countries like Ethiopia, children under the age five years frequently experience diarrhea. However, the burden and associated factors of these diarrheal diseases are understudied in Eastern Ethiopia, Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with the prevalence of diarrheal diseases in Eastern Ethiopia from September 1-30, 2022. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on the total of 602 children aged 6 to 59 months in Oda Bultum district in eastern Ethiopia. A multistage sampling method was used. Three kebeles were selected from nine kebeles by the lottery method. Data was entered into Epi data 4.0.2 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used for frequency, mean, and standard deviations. In addition, bivariable, and multivariable Poisson regression model was used to identify predictors of diarrhea along with a 95% confidence interval. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value of 0.05. Result A total of 602 children were included in this study. The prevalence of diarrhea 7.4% (47/602), 95% CI; 5.5-9.7%) among the children. Factors such as being unvaccinated for any vaccine (AOR = 10.82, 95%CI;) and born from a mother who had medium level of empowerment (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI; 0.11-0.88) in the household had statistically significant association with diarrhea among the children compared to their counterparts. The study found that nearly one out of thirteen children aged 6 to 59 months had any form of diarrheal diseases in Oda Bultum District, Eastern Ethiopia. In addition, the study revealed that children who were vaccinated for their age developed diarrhea less likely compared to those who did not receive any form of vaccine for their age. Moreover, children with mothers who had a medium level of empowerment were less likely to get diarrhea than children with mothers who had a low level of empowerment.
Two out of every three pregnant women who gave birth in public health facilities of Tullo Woreda were dissatisfied with deliveries services, Eastern Ethiopia
Missed Opportunity of Antenatal Care Services Utilization and Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Women in Eastern Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia: Mixed Methods Study
Globally, immunization prevents an estimated 2-3 million deaths from illnesses that can be preven... more Globally, immunization prevents an estimated 2-3 million deaths from illnesses that can be prevented by vaccination. The burden of Pentavalent and Measles immunizations dropout was not investigated su ciently. Therefore, this analysis is meant to determine the coverage, burden, and predictors of Pentavalent and Measles immunizations in Ethiopia. this study is a further analysis of Mini EDHS 2019 which was conducted with a nationally representative sample. In this study immunization data was collected from a total sample of 3208 and 2004 (34.8%) children who received pentavalent 1 were considered for this study. Univariate, Bi variate and multilevel mixed effect analysis was done using STATA version 17 Software. The mixed-effect model with the lowest AIC and BIC (information criteria) was chosen and a factor was designated as a signi cant predictor of immunization dropout if its p-value was less than 0.05 at 95% CI. The best-tting model among the tted models was ultimately chosen using the Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria (AIC and BIC). The mean age of the head of the house hold is 37.6. Majority (68.9%) of the residents were from rural area. of the total population 64.9% have no formal education. The immunization coverage of Ethiopian children is 72.85% and 60.68% for Pentavalent 1 and Measles (fully vaccinated) respectively. From Children who started pentavalent 1 vaccination, 26.7% and 39.3% of the children dropped from taking Pentavalent 3 and measles vaccination respectively. Factors such as household wealth indexes, marital status being married, being in an age group of above 6 months, and living in Addis Ababa reduced the likelihood of pentavalent 3 vaccine dropout and living in Afar compared to Tigray. expose a child to drop from Pentavalent 1. Religion, family size, and living in the Afar region increased the likelihood of measles dropouts compared to their counterparts whereas, children aged above one year was prevented from dropping from measles dropout compared to those aged nine months to one year. Immunization coverage among Ethiopian children was low and the dropout from pentavalent 1 and measles vaccination is high compared the national and international targets to improve immunization coverage and reduce dropout. So different cost-effective interventions like Education provision for community, decision-making facilitation, behavioral change support, multi-system participation were requited to increase vaccination coverage and reduce the vaccine dropout among children in Ethiopia.
Magnitude and factors associated with delay in treatment-seeking among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients in public health facilities in Habro district, eastern Ethiopia
Background Pneumonia is the single largest infectious disease that causes more under-five morbidi... more Background Pneumonia is the single largest infectious disease that causes more under-five morbidity and mortality than any other infectious disease in the world, including Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in the South West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods We used an unmatched case-control study design from March 15 to April 30, 2021, in the South West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A sample of 398 (199 cases and 199 controls) participated in the study. Trained data collectors through a pre-tested structured questionnaire collected data. We used Epi Info to enter data and analyzed using SPSS version 23. We described our data using descriptive statistics. We identified predictors of pneumonia using logistic regression analysis. We declared predictors of pneumonia at a P-value of 0.05 or less. Results Breastfeeding for less than 6 months [AOR:3.51, 95%CI:(1.12,11.00)], lack of Vitamin A supplementation [AOR:3.56,9...
Background: The occurrence of long-lasting comorbidities makes cancer management and treatment ch... more Background: The occurrence of long-lasting comorbidities makes cancer management and treatment challenging because of their overlapping poor prognosis. However, there are no data that show the burden of these chronic cases in patients with cancer in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden of and the factors associated with chronic disease comorbidity among cancer patients in the eastern part of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 patients with cancer admitted to the only cancer treatment center in eastern Ethiopia. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were extracted from the patients' medical records using a checklist. The collected data were entered into the Epi-Data statistical software version 3.1 and then exported to STATA version 17 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association between the outcomes and the independent variables. Finally, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. The statistical significance of the factors was indicated at a p-value <0.05. Results: Of the 422 eligible medical records identified, 419 (99.3%) were included for analysis. A total of 230 (54.8%, 95%CI = 50.0%-59.6%) patients with cancer presented with one or more chronic diseases. Of these comorbidities, anemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were the most common diseases reported. Obesity at admission (AOR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.10-3.61) had a significant association with the occurrence of comorbidities among patients with cancer. The overall prevalence of comorbidity among patients with cancer was relatively lower than that reported in previous studies. Being obese was significantly associated with the occurrence of comorbidities. Attention should be given to the burden of chronic comorbidities among patients with cancer through researching, formulating Frontiers in Oncology frontiersin.org 01
Background Preterm birth is a significant contributor to newborns morbidity and mortality. Despit... more Background Preterm birth is a significant contributor to newborns morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of highly effective and powerful interventions, the burden of preterm birth has not decreased. Given the relevance of the topic to clinical decision-making, strong conclusive and supporting evidence emanating from the umbrella review is required. To this end, this umbrella review study sought to determine the association between intimate partner violence and obstetrics characteristics of women with preterm birth in Ethiopia. Methods Six systematic review and meta-analysis studies searched across multiple databases were included in this umbrella review. The quality of the included systematic review and meta-analysis studies was evaluated using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) checklist. STATA version 18 was used for the statistical analysis. A random-effects model was used to calculate the overall effect measurement. Results A total of 114 observ...
Background: Female waiters are at higher risk of workplace violence including sexual coercion. Ev... more Background: Female waiters are at higher risk of workplace violence including sexual coercion. Even though there are numerous studies on the prevalence of sexual coercion among students, nurses, adolescents, and young pregnant women, studies on the prevalence of sexual coercion among female waiters are limited. Furthermore, there is no evidence existed that show a relationship between sexual coercion and HIV risk behavior in Ethiopia. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sexual coercion and HIV risk behavior among female waiters in Jimma, southwest Ethiopia. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from 1st April to 30, 2018, among 420 female waiters of reproductive age working in the licensed food and drinking establishments in Jimma town. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 21 statistical software. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the association between independent variables and outcome variables. Results: The lifetime prevalence of sexual coercion among female waiters was 71.4% (95% confidence interval: 67.1-76.8). More than two-thirds (71.6%) of female waiters engaged in HIV-related risk behaviors. Working in the bar (AOR 4.64, 95% CI: 2.15-10.0), being a substance user (AOR 3.37, 95% CI: 1.7-6.7), experiencing sexual coercion (AOR 7.6, 95% CI: 3.8-15.3) were significantly associated with HIV risk behaviors. Conclusion: A significant number of female waiters experienced sexual coercion and engaged in HIV-risk behaviors. Workplace, substance use, and sexual coercion were significantly associated with HIV risk behavior. As a result, establishments, town health offices, and other stakeholders should work together to safeguard female waiters from the burdens of sexual coercion, HIV risk behavior, and sexually transmitted infections.
The demand for health-related information has increased dramatically in recent years. Media is cr... more The demand for health-related information has increased dramatically in recent years. Media is crucial in reaching health messages to audiences, especially those who are distant and rural. Therefore, the study aimed to assess demands, access, and factors associated with access to health messages through mass media in the rural community of Kersa District of East Hararghe, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted from October 15 to November 20, 2020. A quantitative cross-sectional and a qualitative phenomenological study design were applied. A total of 578 participants were included by using a systematic sampling technique. Collected data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. A multivariate logistic regression analysis model was used and reported using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. For qualitative, six-focused group discussions (FGDs) were used and then analyzed thematically. Results: Overall, the demand of and access to health messages through mass media was 32.5% (95% CI=28.5-34.2%) and 26.6% (95% CI=24.6-28.7%), respectively. Factors such as having electric services (AOR=2.36, 95% CI=2.13-5.41), having a mobile phone (AOR=4.56, 95% CI=4.32-8.73), exposure to TV (AOR=4.73, 95% CI=1.03-11.62), and exposure to social media and printed media (AOR=5.24, 95% CI=1.07-15.63), a preference for programs such as news, current affairs, entertainment, health and educational were 2.37, 9.47, 4.75 and 7.55 times more likely to access health messages (AOR=2.37, 95% CI=1.00-5.61; AOR=9.47, 95% CI=3.54-25.34; AOR=4.75, 95% CI=1.23-18.38; and AOR=7.55, 95% CI=3.12-8.66, respectively). Qualitative findings, participants demand for health messages from health workers, radio, and the main source for accessing the message was the radio. Conclusion: Approximately one in every three and one in every four rural communities in the study area had demand, and access to health messages through mass media, respectively. As a result, all stakeholders should emphasize and strengthen expanding methods of reaching health messages using mass media.
Background: Maternal mortality from pregnancy and childbirth remains a major public health proble... more Background: Maternal mortality from pregnancy and childbirth remains a major public health problem. Increasing access to institutional delivery is one of the key strategies to reduce childbirth-related maternal mortality. Despite all the e orts, institutional deliveries in Ethiopia remain low. Understanding factors associated with institutional delivery is important to devise strategies to improve facility based child birth. Hence, this study assessed the prevalence of institutional delivery and associated factors to bridge the gap. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed from March-April. Multi-stage sampling was employed to select mothers who gave birth within the last months in Mandura district, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. Data were collected using pre tested structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess the predictors of institutional delivery. Adjusted Odds ratios with % CI was used to show associations and statistical significance was set at a p <. . Results: This study indicated that the prevalence of institutional delivery was. % CI (-. %). Having a positive attitude (AOR =. , %CI: .-.), attending antenatal care (ANC) at least once (AOR =. , %CI: .-), attending ANC more than three times (AOR =. , % CI: .-.), having good knowledge (AOR =. , %CI: .-.), and facing complications during pregnancy (AOR =. , %CI: .-.) were significantly associated with institutional delivery. Conclusion: The prevalence of institutional delivery in this study was low. Positive attitude toward institutional delivery, attending ANC, having good knowledge about institutional delivery, and facing complications during pregnancy were identified predictors of institutional delivery. Strategies with a focus on increasing ANC uptake, improving mothers' knowledge, and promoting institutional delivery at the community level are critical.
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