In Bangladesh, there are thousands of beels (a natural deep depression) exist in different sizes.... more In Bangladesh, there are thousands of beels (a natural deep depression) exist in different sizes. Most of these large beels have become shrunken quite considerably in recent decades. Those beels are the potential source of snails. Gopalganj district of Bangladesh has lots of beels from where people collect huge amount of Mollusca species from the time immemorial. At present, the abundance is decreasing drastically due to uncontrolled catch. The seasonal abundance and distribution of Mollusca species in selected beel areas has been studied to know the real scenario. Surveys was conducted at summer (May-June), rain (September-October) and winter (December-January) season year round based on the observations and sampling in each six points (each of 16m2 area per point) of a beel, As such six selected beels in each Upazila of Gopalganj district have been considered under study. Sampling was done with the help of Sieves (0.2 mm, 2.0 mm and 4.75 mm), Cast nets, small hand nets and hand-pi...
Recently, green synthesis of silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) has gained a lot ... more Recently, green synthesis of silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) has gained a lot of interest because of the usage of natural resources, rapidness, eco-friendliness, and benignancy. Several researchers reported that silver-based biogenic NPs have both antimicrobial and anticancer properties. In the present study, Ag/AgCl-NPs were synthesized from Zizyphus mauritiana fruit extract, and their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiproliferative mechanisms against human MCF-7 cell lines were evaluated. Synthesis of Ag/ AgCl-NPs from the Z. mauritiana fruit extract was confirmed by the changes of color and a peak of the UV−visible spectrum at 428 nm. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray powder diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, atomic force microscope, and Fourier transform infrared. Antibacterial activity was checked against four pathogenic bacteria and two fungi. Cytotoxicity was checked against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and mice Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells by MTS assay and clonogenicity assay. Cell morphology of the control and nanoparticle-treated MCF-7 cells were checked by Hoechst 33342, YF488-Annexin V, and caspase-3 substrates. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied by using 2′,7′dichlorofluorescein-diacetate staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for gene expression. Synthesized nanoparticles were heat stable cubic crystals with an average size of 16 nm that contain silver and chlorine with various functional groups. The synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs inhibited the growth of three pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Shigella boydii, and Escherichia coli) and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma spp.). Ag/AgCl-NPs inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and EAC cells with the IC 50 values of 28 and 84 μg/mL, respectively. No colony was formed in MCF-7 cells in the presence of these nanoparticles as compared with control. Ag/AgCl-NPs induced apoptosis and generated ROS in MCF-7 cells. The expression level of FAS, FADD, and caspase-8 genes increased several folds with the decrease of PARP gene expression. These results demonstrated that the anti-proliferation activity of Ag/AgCl-NPs against MCF-7 cells resulted through ROS generation and induction of apoptosis through the Fas-mediated pathway.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2019
This study was aimed to extract oil from Asiasarum heterotropoides using supercritical carbon dio... more This study was aimed to extract oil from Asiasarum heterotropoides using supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO 2) with and without ethanol as co-solvent and to compare the results with conventional extraction solvents. A total of 27 major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified among them eucarvone, 3-carene, safrole, methyleugenol, and camphene were found to be the highest. The solvent Sc-CO 2 + ethanol at 250 bar and 50 C was found to be the best condition to get high yield of oil with 3.54 AE 0.21%. The extracted oil showed 100% of deodorant efficiency within 30 min of reaction with an artificially manufactured odorant.
The oil in mackerel muscle was extracted using an environment friendly solvent, supercritical car... more The oil in mackerel muscle was extracted using an environment friendly solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2) at a semibatch flow extraction process and an n-hexane. The SC-CO 2 was maintained at a temperature of 45 o C under pressures ranging from 15 to 25 MPa. The flow rate of CO 2 (27 g/min) was constant during the entire 2 h extraction period. The fatty acid composition of the oil was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). Significant concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) acid were present in the SC-CO 2 extracted oil. The oil extracted using SC-CO 2 exhibited increased stability compared with n-haxane extracted oil. Particles of mackerel oil together with the biodegradable polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG) were formed using a gas saturated solution process (PGSS) with SC-CO 2 in a thermostatted stirred vessel. Different temperatures (45-55 o C), pressures (15-25 MPa) and a nozzle size 400 µm were used for PGSS with a 1 h reaction time. The stability of mackerel oil in the particles did not changed significantly.
In this study, Krill Eupausia superba oil was extracted using different solvents and supercritica... more In this study, Krill Eupausia superba oil was extracted using different solvents and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2). During SC-CO 2 extraction, the pressure was set at 40 MPa and temperatures ranged from 40°C to 55°C. We examined the differences in volatile compounds and safety profiles among extraction methods. Volatile compounds were determined using the thermal desorption system integrated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Heavy metal content was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). According to our results 10 volatile compounds were identified in krill sample. After SC-CO 2 extraction of oil, the concentrations of volatile compounds decreased, but increased after solvent extraction. In krill, heavy metal concentrations remained within the permissible limit. Moreover, Zn and Fe which have health benefits were detected at high concentrations. During a 90 days storage period at different temperatures, microbial activity was found to be lowest in SC-CO 2 extracted residues. Thus, the quality of krill oil and the residues obtained using SC-CO 2 extraction was higher and the oil was safer than those obtained using conventional solvent extraction. These results can be applied to the food industry to maintain high quality krill products.
Most of the health benefits of fish oil can be attributed to the presence of omega-3 fatty acids ... more Most of the health benefits of fish oil can be attributed to the presence of omega-3 fatty acids like Docosahexenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). There are few dietary sources of EPA and DHA other than oily fish. EPA and DHA have great potential effect on human health. In this research, Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2) extracted mackerel oil was reacted by enzyme at different systems to improve the EPA and DHA. Different types of immobilize enzyme TL-IM, RM-IM, Novozyme 435 were assessed for improving PUFAs. Best result was found at nonpressurized system using TL-IM. Reacted oil particle were obtained with polyethylene glycol by gas saturated solution process (PGSS). Different parameters like temperature, pressure, agitation speed and nozzle size effect on particle formulation were observed. SEM and PSA analysis showed, small size non spherical particles were obtained. It was found that after particle formation poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were present in particle as same in oil. PUFAs release from particle was almost linear against constant time duration. Oil quality in particle not change significantly, in this contrast this study will be helpful for food and pharmaceutical industry to provide high EPA and DHA containing powder. Keywords Supercritical CO 2. Omega-3 fatty acids. Immobilize enzyme. Particle. Control release Research Highlights • Supercritical CO 2 extracted mackerel oil was used • 3 different immobilized lipase enzymes were used to improve polyunsaturated fatty acid. • Gas saturated solution (PGSS) process was used for particle formation • Different parameters were observed for optimization in PGSS process • Control release were observed of PUFAs from particle
Wheat germ oil is a unique source of highly concentrated nutrient; its beneficial active ingredie... more Wheat germ oil is a unique source of highly concentrated nutrient; its beneficial active ingredients could have a substantial impact on human health considering the amount that is used in cooking. In this study, wheat germ oil was micronized with polyethylene glycol using particles from gas-saturated solutions (PGSS) process and investigated functional materials content in particle changing different parameters. PGSS was carried out at temperatures of 40-50C, pressures of 10-30 MPa and at different ratios (10:1, 5:1). The average particle size was found from 0.6330 ± 0.004 to 1.3506 ± 0.011 μm at a ratio of 10:1 and from 1.1776 ± 0.011 to 3.7680 ± 0.016 μm at a ratio of 5:1. In fatty acid compositions, linoleic acid was present and had the highest amount in all conditions after particle formation. Total phenolic compound and antioxidant capacity were also found in particles. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Wheat germ is mainly produced as a by-product in the wheat milling industry. This by-product is generally used as animal feed; however, it contains oil that contains high amounts of functional materials like polyunsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds that have practical uses in life. These have great health benefits for humans and can be used in products such as foods, biological insect control agents, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic formulations. But for protection from oxidation, preservation of bioactivity and because of control release and dose measurement, particle formation is the best way. Small particles of pharmaceuticals with a narrow particle size distribution play a vital role in the design of conventional drug delivery systems like tablets, capsules, injections and biphasic drug delivery systems.
Effect of reaction parameters on conversion of krill (Euphausia superba) oil by immobilized lipase ethanolysis
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2014
ABSTRACT Monoglyceride and diglyceride were produced by performing ethanolysis of krill oil with ... more ABSTRACT Monoglyceride and diglyceride were produced by performing ethanolysis of krill oil with immobilized lipase and the influence of various parameters on the enzymatic ethanolysis was assessed. As an immobilized lipase, lipozyme TL-IM (thermonuces lanuginose) was used. Ethanolysis was done in non-pressurized and pressurized system to compare the reaction rate and yield. The optimal condition was found at 2.0 of ethanol mole ratio, temperature of 60 °C, lipases amount of 5 wt% in non-pressurized system. At pressurized system the optimal temperature and pressure was found at 50 °C and 10 MPa. However, at 50 °C monoglyceride was higher in pressurized system than in non-pressurized system.
Investigation with the crude methanolic extract of Aponogeton undulatus was carried out to evalua... more Investigation with the crude methanolic extract of Aponogeton undulatus was carried out to evaluate its possible antioxidant and thrombolysis activity. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity with a IC values of 2.43±1.06 µg/ml while in ascorbic acid, the value become 50 2.14±0.11 µg/ml. In thrombolytic activity using in vitro clot lysis assay method, the crude methanolic extract was found to have significant (p<0.001) thrombolytic activity at a dose of 10 mg/ml with a miximum effect of 20.23±1.56% while the standard streptokinase showed 46.13±3.87%. The extract was also investigated for its antibacterial and toxic potentiality using agar diffusion and Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay, respectively. The highest antibacterial effect was shown against Bacillus cereus (zone of inhibition 12±0.65 mm) followed by Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition 10±0.71 mm). In this bioassay the extract showed significant toxicity to Brine Shrimp nauplii with the LC value of 2.24±0.98 µg/ml. The study clearly indicated that the extract 50 possesses good antioxidant and thromolytic activity along with broad spectrum antibacterial and toxic potentiality.
Identification of Methyle Eugenol Content and Measurement of Antioxidant Activities in Sesin (Asiasarum heterotropoides) Oil Extracted by Different Conventional and Non-conventional System
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