Papers by Victor De Araujo
Discover Civil Engineering, 2025
This study provides the first globally comparable characterization of the structural engineered b... more This study provides the first globally comparable characterization of the structural engineered bamboo (SEB) industry through systematic web-prospecting of corporate websites and bibliometric verification. A total of 635 websites were screened, resulting in 19 verifiable manufacturers analyzed across variables including geographic distribution, technological capacity, service portfolios, and standardization. Results reveal a strong geographical concentration in China (68% of companies), alongside emerging clusters in the United States, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Singapore. Transparency deficits were widespread: only 37% report
mechanical properties, 26% list ISO 14001 certification and few manufacturers disclose testing standards, hindering technical validation and regulatory uptake. Although some firms demonstrate industrial maturity, via automated lines and integrated services, most lack information on production processes, quality assurance, and normative compliance. These findings underscore two strategic limitations: the confinement of SEB to experimental applications due to insufficient technical data, and limited downstream services that weaken market competitiveness. The study
also identifies critical data gaps, such as inconsistent units of output and minimal life-cycle disclosure. As a key contribution, this article delivers an empirical industry baseline and proposes priorities for standardization, certification, and information disclosure. Enhancing data governance is essential for positioning SEB as a reliable material in the global low-carbon construction agenda.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2026
By using minerals instead of bioresources in construction, greenhouse gas emissions are nearly do... more By using minerals instead of bioresources in construction, greenhouse gas emissions are nearly doubled. It is vital to transition from this traditional paradigm to a low-carbon model in which woods and bamboos are essential components. To proliferate bio-urbanization, challenges must be overcome in forestry and construction. Our study is a necessary starting point for more sophisticated studies and policies to support the valorization and utilization of bioresources, especially wood and bamboo, in greener construction solutions for a sustainable urbanization. Our main results elucidate examples and benefits of biobased cities and buildings, raise issues and current challenges, and suggest opportune actions to be globally addressed in collaborative proposals. Assertive codes, well-managed resources, resolution of challenges, and clarification campaigns on decarbonization are priority targets in future environmental and societal commitments.
International Journal of Energy and Water Resources, 2025
Energy efficiency in residential buildings is critical, especially in cold climates where imprope... more Energy efficiency in residential buildings is critical, especially in cold climates where improper thermal performance can lead to excessive energy consumption. This study aims to evaluate and compare the thermal performance of two residential architectural styles, minimalist and modern, in the cold climate of Wonosobo, Indonesia. Using field measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation via Autodesk Revit, the study investigates indoor temperature and airflow patterns. The methodology involved measuring temperatures in key rooms of each house and simulating environmental conditions through CFD to validate the results. For the minimalist house (Type A), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) between field measurements and simulation was found to be 1.04 °C, while for the modern house (Type B), the MAE was 0.8 °C, indicating higher consistency in the modern house's thermal performance. Results reveal that the minimalist house exhibited higher average indoor temperatures, with a notable difference of 3.17 °C compared to the modern house. The modern house's use of clay tile roofing and optimized ventilation contributed to its superior energy efficiency, achieving an average temperature closer to the standard climate of Wonosobo (23.1 °C). The findings underscore the significance of material selection and architectural design in achieving energy-efficient housing. The modern house's design eliminates the need for artificial ventilation, reducing energy consumption. This research contributes to sustainable residential design by emphasizing the integration of natural ventilation and optimal material usage. Future studies could explore the role of additional design elements and regional climatic variations to further refine thermal performance in cold-climate architecture. With its implications for energy conservation and improved living conditions, this study provides actionable insights for architects, engineers, and policymakers aiming to promote sustainable housing solutions. The use of CFD simulations validated against field data demonstrates an effective approach for analyzing and enhancing building performance.
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2025
The recovery of heritage constructions is an important field of structural engineering, which aim... more The recovery of heritage constructions is an important field of structural engineering, which aims the preservation of culture and history of ancient civilizations. Many recovery techniques can be applied to structural elements, although scientific literature is premised on preserving the original structure, whenever possible, avoiding the replacement of structural elements. This highlights the complexity of maintaining the original structure and ensuring an efficient engineering intervention. Different techniques were considered in literature under diverse contexts. In particular, the use of high-tech materials such as composites have been presented as an option alongside traditional solutions, such as steel and wood. Few publications are found on this topic and existing research tends to focus on isolated cases and lacks a broader systematic synthesis. Furthermore, no systematic literature review (SLR) dedicated specifically to wood-based structures in heritage buildings was identified in the literature prior to this work. This study fills the gap with a SLR that was carried out to map the diagnostic methods, recovery techniques, materials used, and performance outcomes, identifying the state of preservation and maintenance. The results show that: reinforcements with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), even at low ratios, consistently improved load capacity and stiffness; steel-based reinforcements showed higher variability in performance; visual inspection remains the most common diagnostic method, despite its limitations; replacement of original elements is sometimes inevitable, but strategies that preserve visual and material continuity are preferred.
Ambiente Construído, 2025
Em geral, os pilares são elementos fundamentais para a estabilidade da estrutura, e o reforço des... more Em geral, os pilares são elementos fundamentais para a estabilidade da estrutura, e o reforço desse elemento pode impactar significativamente na estrutura e no ambiente em que o elemento está inserido. O uso de polímeros reforçados com fibras (PRF) consiste em uma solução de reforço externo com diversas pesquisas demonstrando a eficiência de seu uso, pois pode também ser adotado na fase de projeto. Apesar disso, o método ainda não figura entre os principais temas abordados pela literatura, sendo fundamental o incentivo ao desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas sobre o tema. Este estudo consiste em uma revisão sistemática da literatura que abordou o uso do PRF como reforço em pilares de madeira. A baixa quantidade de propriedades caracterizadas da madeira indica a dificuldade em ensaiar o material e requer o uso de correlações para estimar seu comportamento. Foi possível verificar os tipos de ensaios e arranjos do reforço, de modo que a síntese do conteúdo encontrado pode contribuir para a identificação de padrões de comportamento que possibilitem a especificação deste tipo de reforço.
Discover Civil Engineering, 2025
Massive timber is a category of heavy green engineered products, manufactured from glued or glued... more Massive timber is a category of heavy green engineered products, manufactured from glued or glued-free processes, to be used in more predictable structural performance in industrialized walls, floors and frames. Massive plywood panel emerges as a novelty for mass timber construction and, therefore, little information is scientifically available. Aligning with the Sustainable Development Goal 9: 'Industry, innovation and infrastructures' , this study aims to verify this literature gap and raise topics regarding massive plywood panels using a structured systematic review literature. From bibliometric analysis, 12 journal papers, 10 conference papers and an editorial were prospected using Scopus and Web of Science databases. A predominance of studies from English language nations was confirmed. Seismic and monotonic performance of massive plywood are frequent topics in these investigations, whose results have indicated a promising scenario for construction. As no study on industry is available, a case study on massive plywood was sequentially developed to discuss features of commercial panels and perspectives of respective global industry. The North American Freres Engineered Wood and Finnish Metsä Wood are the only active manufacturers, and their massive plywood panels have been manufactured from modern production technologies and environmentally certified practices to be applied in low-and high-rise industrialized buildings.
Nature Reviews Materials, 2025
Wooden bioresources are key materials for the transition to a circular bioeconomy, yet widespread... more Wooden bioresources are key materials for the transition to a circular bioeconomy, yet widespread adoption, for example in construction, still lags. Growth is stalled by policy gaps, resource debates and limited public confidence. A blueprint for global initiatives can help realize the full potential of bio-based materials.
BioResources, 2025
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is an external reinforcement solution for wooden structures, where... more Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is an external reinforcement solution for wooden structures, where several studies have shown its efficiency in maintenance and design. This solution is not yet among the main topics of literature, although its importance justifies new research on this relevant topic for construction. This systematic literature review involves the FRP as reinforcement in wood-based columns, using Engineering Village and Web of Science databases and PRISMA protocol to follow the procedures and ensure the quality of sampling. Reinforcement dispositions and types of assessments were identified so that the literature synthesis can contribute to identifying behavior models. Different methods of reinforcement sizing studied by the literature were synthesized and detailed as to their respective uses. A positive correlation between the reinforcement index and the increasing the load capacity of timber columns were discussed and statistically analyzed.
Forests, 2025
Given the construction challenges and the impacts of industrial waste generation and the implicat... more Given the construction challenges and the impacts of industrial waste generation and the implications of using chemical adhesives, this study aims to evaluate epoxy as an alternative resin, whose application in the production of wood particleboards is still underexplored. In this regard, its results were compared with those of widely used adhesives, such as urea-formaldehyde (UF). Pine wood particles were used, and epoxy resin was applied as a binder in 5%, 10%, and 15% proportions. Panels were manufactured under pressing parameters of 5 N/mm 2 for 10 min at 110 • C. Physical and mechanical properties of panels were evaluated using Brazilian, European, and American standards. The results showed that epoxy resin is potentially convenient for the particleboard industry, as the 15% trait panels met the P4 class criteria in the Brazilian and European standards and D-2 for the American code, and the 10% trait panels achieved the M-3i class for the American document. Although 5% adhesive was insufficient to envelop wood particles, these traits with greater percentages reached high enveloping ratings in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test, making epoxy resin viable for the panel industry as a potential alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives.
Nexo Revista Científica, 2024
Numerous woods still require a detailed evaluation to understand structural potential. Spotted gu... more Numerous woods still require a detailed evaluation to understand structural potential. Spotted gum solid wood is among such species in which knowledge of its properties for construction is also required. The present study examined 16 physical-mechanical properties of the spotted gum wood (Corymbia maculata) to promote its use in the production of more sustainable bio-based buildings. Using the Brazilian NBR7190 standard code, two stable levels of moisture content were evaluated to figure out the wood behavior, the first at the 30 % saturation point and the second at the standardized dry point at 12 %. 13 spotted gum trees with different ages were collected from different plantations in Brazil to obtain samples from their trunks. Thus, 1959 determinations were analyzed to evaluate results from t-test at 5 % level of significance. From our significant, statistical, and comparative analyses, it was confirmed that spotted gum is suitable for structural uses, being a potential wood in tropical and subtropical regions of Latin America.
Polymers, 2024
Particleboards have gained attention in the global market. Understanding their physical–mechanica... more Particleboards have gained attention in the global market. Understanding their physical–mechanical behavior in the current technological context is essential due to adhesive polymerization, which depends on variables such as pressing time and temperature. Today, the use of nanoparticles has become a plausible option for improving the properties of polymers used in wood-based composites. This study evaluates the influences of the addition of non-commercial 0.5% aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and oxide copper (CuO) nanoparticles using a greener route with a lower environmental impact obtaining a urea-formaldehyde (UF)-based polymeric adhesive to manufacture particle composites of Eucalyptus urophylla var. grandis wood. Regarding characterizations, the resin properties analyzed were viscosity, gel time, and pH, as well as panel properties, including density, moisture content, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and thermal conductivity. The results were compared with scientific publications and standards. The addition of nanoparticles interfered with viscosity, and all treatments indicated a basic pH. It was not possible to determine the gel time after 10 min. Nanoparticles added to the polymers in the internal layer did not cause an improvement in the swelling properties in terms of thickness, with no significant statistical difference for density and moisture content. The increase from 150 °C to 180 °C may have caused an improvement in all physical–mechanical properties, indicating that the higher temperature positively influenced the polymerization of the formaldehyde-based adhesive. Therefore, the additions of both nanoparticles (0.5% in each condition) led to a limitation in the material influence with respect to physical–mechanical performance.
Caderno Pedagógico, 2024
For the elaboration of projects on timber structures, the Brazilian standard (ABNT, in Portuguese... more For the elaboration of projects on timber structures, the Brazilian standard (ABNT, in Portuguese Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas) 7190 (ABNT 1997) ensures the correct application of physical-mechanical properties according to strength classes of lignocellulosic materials. This procedure eliminates the need for botanical identification of woods, since these strength classes support the efficient utilization of a wide range of woody varieties available in Brazil. Due to high mechanical resistances, the hardwoods are usually applied for structural projects of timber construction. This Brazilian standard document prescribes four strength classes (C20, C30, C40 and C60) for these woods, which are determined by characteristic value from the compressive strength parallel to the grain (fc0,k). But, these classes were obtained from experimental outcomes using a few wood varieties. The reorganization of strength classes should result in the best use of mechanical potentials of woods since the updating of these categories leads to the optimization of structural projects for timber construction in order to reposition this biomaterial at even more competitive levels. In this context, the present study aims to verify the current strength classes of hardwoods and if they lead to a good allocation of the fc0,k characteristic values. Otherwise, new strength classes can be determined for better allocations for efficient structural uses. As a result, 56 hardwoods were considered using 672 experimental determinations. Statistically, the current categories can lead to 12,5 % of incorrectly allocated values. The inclusion of C50 and C70 classes allow greater representation for these categories, in order to optimize the use of the hardwoods given the new strength classes. These findings ought to support future revisions of this Brazilian standard document.
Forests, 2024
Bamboo is already a convenient construction resource, as it offers an efficient structural perfor... more Bamboo is already a convenient construction resource, as it offers an efficient structural performance. As this plant has native varieties adapted to different climates and soils of Brazil, bamboo silviculture can be intensified to supply the national industry. Three bamboo species from
Brazil (Dendrocalamus asper, Bambusa tuldoides, and Phyllostachys aurea) were analyzed for the flexural load capacity applied on the internal and external surfaces. Specimens were prepared without knots and with knots centered at the middle of each sample. In total, 240 samples were tested in terms of static bending and dynamic bending (impact). The results showed a higher flexural elasticity and a higher proportional limit strength of knotted P. aurea. The presence of knots provided higher values of ultimate strength in P. aurea, even reducing the bamboo flexibility. Also, P. aurea exhibited the best characteristic of flexural dynamic energy absorption among the three bamboo species under evaluation.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024
Considering the significant demands for construction products and the increasing disposals of pla... more Considering the significant demands for construction products and the increasing disposals of plastic and agroforestry residues, this research evaluated the influence of recycled particles of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) inserted in the manufacture of five particleboard prototypes based on Pinus elliottii wood and castor-oil-based polyurethane resin (CPUR). The following panel traits were obtained: 100% pine wood, 0% PET and 10% CPUR (M100P-0PET-10C); 70% pine, 30% PET, and 10% CPUR (M70P-30PET-10C); 50% pine, 50% PET, and 10% CPUR (M50P-50PET-10C); 70% pine, 30% PET, and 5% CPUR (M70P-30PET-5C); and, 50% pine, 50% PET, and 5% CPUR (M50P-50PET-5C). Panels were evaluated according to physical (density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, perpendicular tensile), and morphological tests (scanning electron microscope). M50P-50PET-10C particleboards revealed the best performance in the physical and mechanical tests, as well as M70P-30PET-10C and M50P-50PET-5C panels showed equivalent results. The findings suggested a notable environmental contribution and a great economic feasibility. Thus, it is possible to obtain wood-based particleboards manufactured from recycled PET, reusing this highly discarded non-biodegradable plastic and using a smaller volume of adhesive, with physical-mechanical properties that meet the expected performance for this bioresource-based product.
Revista Principia, 2024
This paper evaluated the participation of the Brazilian timber house producers in technical and s... more This paper evaluated the participation of the Brazilian timber house producers in technical and scientificevents related to their activities, whose fields include products, manufactures and technologies of timber andforest resources for construction. This present study utilized semi structured face-to-face interview method toevaluate the participation of these entrepreneurs in the domestic sphere. Qualitative data were randomlycollected, quantitatively measured and compared to each other. Half of sector formed by two hundreds ofcompanies was evaluated, which resulted in an ideal margin of error. Searches on websites of events relatedto this sector, bibliographic searches, and direct observations in loco of both authors in these events servedto triangulate the data. Entrepreneur declarations were confirmed from the authors’ perceptions as eventparticipants. Two thirds of the sampled companies attend events, especially technical presentations andexhibitions as hearer. A fourth of the sector already attends scientific events, which suggests a search fortrends and innovations. Ergo, the increase in business participation may establish discussions to value theirproducts, that is, their timber housing solutions.
Cadernos Pedagógicos, 2024
Diante da busca por materiais mais sustentáveis, os produtos de madeira engenheirada surgem como ... more Diante da busca por materiais mais sustentáveis, os produtos de madeira engenheirada surgem como uma alternativa para a construção de edifícios. O Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) se destaca por sua leveza, resistência e a capacidade de dissipação de energia advinda de cargas de vento e sísmicas. Essas propriedades caracterizam o CLT como um material de elevado potencial para aplicações em zonas sísmicas. Nesse sentido, tendo em vista a importância da condução de estudos experimentais a fim de avaliar o desempenho de estruturas CLT resistente à sismos, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo a realização de uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca dos estudos experimentais em paredes de cisalhamento e oscilantes de CLT convencionais. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura a partir de duas bases de dados: Scopus e Web of Science. Identificou-se, nos últimos anos, um aumento no número de estudos relacionados ao tema. Além disso, observou-se que são necessários mais estudos acerca de paredes de cisalhamento do tipo balão a fim de validar os poucos estudos existentes e contribuir para a compreensão acerca de seu comportamento. Adicionalmente, observou-se que os protocolos de carregamento utilizados foram as normativas ASTM E2126 (2011), EN 12512 (2005), ISO 22452 (2011), EN 594 (2011) e a ACI ITG-5.1-07 (2008). O protocolo de carregamento CUREE foi o mais utilizado, abrangendo 36% dos estudos. Dessa forma, a normativa ASTM E2126 (2011) foi a mais empregada na realização dos testes cíclicos em paredes de cisalhamento de CLT. Tendo em vista que essas normativas não foram desenvolvidas especificamente para paredes CLT, torna-se crucial a condução de mais estudos experimentais para respaldar a elaboração de protocolos de teste específicos destinados a paredes de cisalhamento CLT.
Caderno Pedagógico Revista Caderno Pedagógico This journal doesn’t have a profile on ResearchGate yet. Interested in this journal? Get notified when it activates its profile, and start getting updates. I'm interested , 2024
Wood is an anisotropic material and its exposure to carbonization leads to reduced humidity and i... more Wood is an anisotropic material and its exposure to carbonization leads to reduced humidity and increased deformation due to the loss of its aesthetic and functional profile. Moisture may be an explanatory factor for the damage caused to the surface region of the coal. For this work, they were defined according to a basic density gradient, that is, involving species of low, medium and high densities, native and exotic, hardwood and conifers, as well as commercial and non-commercial uses. Among the species selected were: (Qualea sp.) Mandioqueira, (Aspidosperma sp.) Peroba, (Erisma uncinatum) Cedrinho, (Pinus elliotii) Pinus, (Eucalyptus.sp) Eucalipto, (Araucaria angustifolia) Pinheiro do Paraná, (Couratari sp.) Tauari, (Dipteryx sp.) Cumaru, (Tabebuia sp.) Ipê, (Peltogyne sp.) Roxinho, (Apuleia leiocarpa) Garapeira, (Goupia glabra) Cupiúba, (Astronium lecointei) Muiracatiara, (Hevea brasiliensis) Seringueira and (Schizolobium parahyba) Guapuruvu. At temperatures of 400 ºC, damage occurred in all species, with the influence of the temperature applied on the degradation suffered in the samples studied. The images produced can contribute to the understanding of charcoal as a material in its various temperature passages and thermal processes, in addition to analyzing the anatomy of charred samples, using the terms: ruptures and fissures as damage to charred wood as parameters.
Advances in Forestry Science, 2023
Light-woodframe emerges as a modern construction solution to compete with the masonry houses, due... more Light-woodframe emerges as a modern construction solution to compete with the masonry houses, due to similarities in competitive costs and low-trained labor. This informality contributes to troubles and problems, being identified as perceptible challenges for the building planning and management. A good tool to solve these difficulties consists in the use of a standard checklist during construction process activities, avoiding the negligence of necessary steps to complete the building project. This checklist indicates the systemic view of the complete process, acting as a facilitating and standardizing tool for the progress of on-site building works. To meet these demands, the present paper developed and proposed an organizational tool, materialized by a checklist presented in Appendix section of this paper, in order to monitor the construction process of wood-based houses through light-woodframe system. Due to detailed knowledge of each building phase, this user-friendly checklist adds values and offers organization routines for developers and suppliers. Printed checklists exclude the need of electronic devices on site, allowing copies for all workers. On building site, it allows controlling the systematization and progress of activities, providing a comprehensive systemic view of the work.
BioResources, 2023
As a biodegradable material, wood is subject to deterioration if proper conservation techniques a... more As a biodegradable material, wood is subject to deterioration if proper conservation techniques are not observed. Thus, several buildings, especially those of historical heritage, present pathological manifestations that can cause accidents. The interventions in these constructions must be planned to maintain the original elements and the aesthetics of the environment, with the indication of fixing additional elements in the degraded structure. The modification of the section of structural elements is commonly observed in the literature; however, few studies have been intended to analyze the effects of reinforcement in these geometrically discontinuous elements. Furthermore, the use of screwed steel plates guarantees greater ease of execution, even though it is not yet a method that has been well explored in the scientific literature. The objective of this study was to propose an equation for estimating the flexural stiffness of wooden beams with loss of cross-section that are then reinforced with screwed steel plates using a regression model. The considered variables correlated the elastic modulus of the wood and the reinforcement, the configuration of the defect, and the reinforcement. It was possible to identify that the properties of the wood and the position of the defect were variables with a significant impact on the stiffness of the reinforced beam.
Buildings, 2023
Codes of practices and standards for products and activities are available regulations for global... more Codes of practices and standards for products and activities are available regulations for global sectors, although they are dedicated to national scopes such as civil construction in Brazil. These regulations align with industry compliance as they establish mandatory or voluntary issues. Brazilian developers must properly regard construction regulations, which mostly dedicated to concrete and steel buildings but rarely to timber buildings. Through construction regulations, the production of timber buildings can become more standardized and scalable to ensure the steady quality of finished products. From this perspective, this paper evaluated Brazil’s timber housing production sector’s utilization and access to procedures, standards, guidelines, certifications, and seals. A standardized questionnaire was designed and refined to analyze this local perspective. Face-to-face interviews with sampled companies were conducted using a randomized sampling procedure. The margin of error was obtained using significant sampling of this sector. The findings evinced that most Brazilian developers underuse timber building regulations in their production and management practices and still need to familiarize themselves with this important subject. The codes must establish requirements for each timber construction technique to represent different technologies and also specify particularities and added performances to suit varied projects.
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Papers by Victor De Araujo
mechanical properties, 26% list ISO 14001 certification and few manufacturers disclose testing standards, hindering technical validation and regulatory uptake. Although some firms demonstrate industrial maturity, via automated lines and integrated services, most lack information on production processes, quality assurance, and normative compliance. These findings underscore two strategic limitations: the confinement of SEB to experimental applications due to insufficient technical data, and limited downstream services that weaken market competitiveness. The study
also identifies critical data gaps, such as inconsistent units of output and minimal life-cycle disclosure. As a key contribution, this article delivers an empirical industry baseline and proposes priorities for standardization, certification, and information disclosure. Enhancing data governance is essential for positioning SEB as a reliable material in the global low-carbon construction agenda.
Brazil (Dendrocalamus asper, Bambusa tuldoides, and Phyllostachys aurea) were analyzed for the flexural load capacity applied on the internal and external surfaces. Specimens were prepared without knots and with knots centered at the middle of each sample. In total, 240 samples were tested in terms of static bending and dynamic bending (impact). The results showed a higher flexural elasticity and a higher proportional limit strength of knotted P. aurea. The presence of knots provided higher values of ultimate strength in P. aurea, even reducing the bamboo flexibility. Also, P. aurea exhibited the best characteristic of flexural dynamic energy absorption among the three bamboo species under evaluation.