Graphical representations are a powerful way of conveying information. Their use has made life mu... more Graphical representations are a powerful way of conveying information. Their use has made life much easier for most sighted users, but people with disabilities or users who work in environments where visual representations are inappropriate cannot access information contained in graphics, unless alternative descriptions are included. We describe an approach called Graphical Structure Semantic Markup Languages (GraSSML) which aims at defining high-level diagram description languages which capture the structure and the semantics of a diagram and enable the generation of accessible and “smart ” presentations in different modalities such as speech, text, graphic, etc. The structure and the semantics of the diagram are made available at the creation stage. This offers new possibilities for allowing Web Graphics to become “smart”.
Graphical representations are a powerful way of conveying information. Their use has made life mu... more Graphical representations are a powerful way of conveying information. Their use has made life much easier for most sighted users, but people with disabilities or users who work in environments where visual representations are inappropriate cannot access information contained in graphics, unless alternative descriptions are included. We describe an approach called Graphical Structure Semantic Markup Languages (GraSSML) which aims at defining high-level diagram description languages which capture the structure and the semantics of a diagram and enable the generation of accessible and "smart" presentations in different modalities such as speech, text, graphic, etc. The structure and the semantics of the diagram are made available at the creation stage. This offers new possibilities for allowing Web Graphics to become "smart".
It is recognised that in order to maintain the satoyama in Japan, the establishment of a partners... more It is recognised that in order to maintain the satoyama in Japan, the establishment of a partnership amongst groups and activities caring for the environment will be necessary. This study focuses on Landcare, a nationwide movement of community based natural resource management in Australia. Landcare has been tackling Australia's serious environmental issues through building partnerships and networking among individuals, local groups, schools, business corporations, and the various levels of governments since 1986. Through the research, which included observations and interviews with people engaged in Landcare, this study shows that designing and implementing local activities have contributed to cultivating a sense of caring for the local environment, and further, that Landcare has a structure of multi-party networking and partnership with systems of natural resource management that facilitates collaboration. These two aspects of Landcare movement have an educational impact and can be considered the educational approach of Landcare.
This paper describes work in progress at Oxford Brookes University. The aim of the project is to ... more This paper describes work in progress at Oxford Brookes University. The aim of the project is to define a higher-level diagram description language for the World Wide Web, which captures the structure and the semantics of a diagram and enables the generation of accessible presentations in different modalities such as speech, text, graphic, etc. This project, called Graphical Structure Semantic Markup Languages (GraSSML), is decomposed into three levels: presentation, structure and semantics. Each of these levels captures a specific aspect of a diagram. The language at the structure level (called “ZineML”) uses SVG as the output renderer at the presentation level. The semantic level language is highly dependent on the type of diagram considered and the field in which it is used. The paper outlines the relevant limitation of SVG and describes our approach which addresses some of these limitations and can allow web graphics to be written easily and made accessible. 1.
... The structure and the semantics of a diagram are made available at the creation stage. This o... more ... The structure and the semantics of a diagram are made available at the creation stage. This offers new possibilities for allowing Web Graphics to become ''smart''. Keywords Accessibility 4 Smart diagrams 4 Semantics 4 SVG 4 Semantic Web 1 Introduction ...
Uploads
Papers by Z. Fredj