We investigated perceptions of wildlife policy and issues through questionnaires (n ¼ 148) admini... more We investigated perceptions of wildlife policy and issues through questionnaires (n ¼ 148) administered to policy makers, conservation scientists, individuals representing non-government organizations (NGOs), and field officials, who implemented government policies and enforced laws. We found significant differences among attitudes of stakeholders identifying major threats to wildlife, the use of science, the role of poaching in conservation, and the composition of species illegally traded. Policy makers and field officials differed in their views with NGOs and scientists on community response to wildlife policies and the varying threat perceptions to different species due to poaching and illegal trade. We noted ambiguity among stakeholders about sustainable use principles in India. Policies must be more effective in conservation and the process of making policy must be broad-based and participatory if wildlife conservation is to advance on the subcontinent. ß 2011 The Wildlife Society.
In developing countries the most common policy responses to combat ill-health incidences like dia... more In developing countries the most common policy responses to combat ill-health incidences like diarrhea have been through the public provision of water supply and sanitation systems. However, in a recent study Galiani et al. [JPE, Vol. 113, 2005] examine the impact of the privatization of water services on child mortality in Argentina, and provide evidence in support of the privatization of water services. In this paper, we examine the determinants of ill-health incidences of households, and provide results that suggest the public provision of water supply or a regulated market provision that ensures access to safe water to each household in the community. We present a simple model of health externalities of households' hygiene behavior, showing how hygiene behavior of one household affects ill-health incidences of other households. Then using a survey data of 1,402 households in rural Uttarakhand, India, we find that both household and community hygiene behavior are significant inputs in the determination of households' ill-health incidences, with the later having greater impact than the former, over and above effects attributable to households' socioeconomic status. Thus in the presence of large health externality of the household's hygiene behavior, which is strongly associated with the access to safe water, the private provision of water may not bring an optimal decrease in ill-health incidences.
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Papers by Vikram Dayal