Tian-Bing Xu

Followers

Following

Public Views

Interests

Uploads

Papers by Tian-Bing Xu

Advanced Power Take-off and Conversion System for Submerged Ocean Wave Energy Convertors

OCEANS 2022, Hampton Roads

Proof Mass Effects on a Flextensional Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

IFAC-PapersOnLine

A high density piezoelectric energy harvesting device from highway traffic — System design and road test

Applied Energy

Abstract Massive dissipated kinetic energy of roadway traffic is a sustainable energy source that... more Abstract Massive dissipated kinetic energy of roadway traffic is a sustainable energy source that can be harvested via piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric energy harvesting technology provides a robust and reliable solution of roadway power generation. However, it remains challenging to achieve high energy density in order for the harvested energy to be of utility value. Here, we demonstrate an innovative roadway piezoelectric energy harvesting system, which reaches an energy density as high as 15.37 J/(m.pass.lane) based on the open-circuit voltage measurements in road tests. The high energy density is achieved by incorporating a compression-to-compression force amplification mechanism as well as an optimized system configuration to take full advantage of dynamic load from vehicles. To the best of our knowledge, the prototype system has achieved the highest energy density reported in the literature, and holds the great potential to be part of the smart highway.

Optimal design of force magnification frame of a piezoelectric stack energy harvester

SPIE Proceedings, 2015

With the rapid development of portable electrical devices, the demand for batteries to power thes... more With the rapid development of portable electrical devices, the demand for batteries to power these portable devices increases dramatically. However, the development of the battery technology is slow in energy storage capability and cannot meet such requirements. This paper proposed an optimal frame design for a kind of portable piezoelectric stack energy harvesters, with large force magnification ratio and high energy transmission ratio. Two kinds of design approaches have been studied and explored, i.e., flexure compliant mechanism math based and finite element analysis (FEA) based. Prototypes are fabricated and assembled. Experiments with both static test and dynamic test have been conducted to approve the effectiveness of the proposed design. The measured force magnification ratio of 6.13 times and 21.8 times for the first-stage harvester and the dual-stage harvester are close to the design objective of 7.17 times and 24.4 times. The designed single stage harvester can generate 20.7mW/g2 at resonance frequency of 160Hz with optimal resistance of 393Ω under 0.8g base excitation with 100gram top mass, and the dual stage harvester has power generation of 487mW/g2 at resonance frequency of 38.9Hz with optimal resistance of 818Ω under 1.94g base excitation with 100gram top mass. The proposed two-stage PZT energy harvester can be used to develop portable power regenerator to compensate the urgent battery needs in remote area for both civic and military application.

Electromechanical behavior of electroactive P(VDF-TrFE) copolymers

SPIE Proceedings, 1999

ABSTRACT An exceptionally high electrostrictive response was observed in electron irradiate polyv... more ABSTRACT An exceptionally high electrostrictive response was observed in electron irradiate polyvinelidene fluoride- trifluoroethylene [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer. Moreover, the transverse strain of the material can be tuned over a large range by different sample treatment conditions. For example, in films uniaxially stretched, the strain can be comparable or even larger than the longitudinal strain, while in films unstretched, the transverse strain is quite small. In addition, when the films are completely clamped mechanically in the lateral directions, the films can still generate large longitudinal strains. Due to relatively high elastic modulus of the films, high elastic strain energy densities, which are much higher than those in conventional piezo and electrostrictive ceramics and magnetostrictive materials.

Lateral range spread of MeV phosphorus ions implanted in silicon measured by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, 1997

The range profiles of 1.0 MeV P+ implanted into silicon with a dose of 1×1015 cm-2 at angles of 7... more The range profiles of 1.0 MeV P+ implanted into silicon with a dose of 1×1015 cm-2 at angles of 7°, 45°, and 60° were measured by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The longitudinal and lateral range spreads at normal incidence were deduced from the measured profiles at oblique incidence. The measured profiles were systematically shallower and narrower than the TRIM’95(TRansport of Ions in Matter, 1995) predictions, but good agreement can be obtained if the electronic stopping power formula is slightly increased in the higher energy region during the calculations.

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from human walking using a two-stage amplification mechanism

Energy, 2019

This paper presents the design, modeling and experimental tests of a novel piezoelectric energy h... more This paper presents the design, modeling and experimental tests of a novel piezoelectric energy harvester with a two-stage force-amplification compliant mechanism for scavenging energy from human walking. The harvester consists of four units of two-stage force amplification piezoelectric transducers sandwiched between two heel-shaped plates. The dynamic reaction force at a heel is amplified twice by the two-stage force amplification frames before applied to the 33-mode piezoelectric stacks and therefore a large power output is achieved. Experiments were performed on the prototype of the twostage piezoelectric energy harvester over different load levels and frequencies. Numerical simulation results based on a simplified single degree-of-freedom model agreed well with the experiment results. An average power of 34.3 mW and a peak power of 110.2 mW were obtained from the simulation under the dynamic force with the amplitude of 500 N and frequency of 3 Hz. At 2 Hz and 1.0 Hz, the average power outputs of 23.9 mW and 11.0 mW, peak power outputs of 65.8 mW and 31.7 mW were experimentally achieved. Numerical simulations show that the average power output of 12.8 mW and peak power output of 204.7 mW could be obtained at the walking speed of 3.5 mph (5.6 km/h) from a male subject with the body weight of 84 kg and height of 172 cm. Comparison study demonstrated that the proposed two-stage piezoelectric harvester has a larger power output than the reported results in literature. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Download

A modified electroactive polymer-ceramic hybrid actuation system (HYBAS) for aerodynamic control applications

SPIE Proceedings, 2005

As previously reported, a NASA Langley-developed electroactive polymer-ceramic hybrid system (HYB... more As previously reported, a NASA Langley-developed electroactive polymer-ceramic hybrid system (HYBAS) has demonstrated significant enhancement in actuating displacement. The displacement of the system is derived from both the electrostrictive polymer and from single crystal elements. The electroactive elements are driven by a single power source. Recently, a modification of HYBAS has been made to increase the capability of air driving for synthetic jet devices (SJ) used in aerodynamic control technologies. The dependence of the air driving capability of the modified HYBAS on the configuration of the actuating device has been investigated. For this particular application, the modified HYBAS demonstrated a 50% increase in the volume change in the synthetic jet air chamber, as compared with that of the HYBAS without the modification.

<title>A hybrid actuator system demonstrating significantly enhanced electromechanical performance</title>

Smart Structures and Materials 2004: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD), 2004

A hybrid actuation system (HYBAS) utilizing advantages of a combination of electromechanical resp... more A hybrid actuation system (HYBAS) utilizing advantages of a combination of electromechanical responses of an electroative polymer (EAP), an electrostrictive copolymer, and an electroactive ceramic single crystal, PZN-PT single crystal, has been developed. The system employs the contribution of the actuation elements cooperatively and exhibits a significantly enhanced electromechanical performance compared to the performances of the device made of each constituting material, the electroactive polymer or the ceramic single crystal, individually. The theoretical modeling of the performances of the HYBAS is in good agreement with experimental observation. The consistence between the theoretical modeling and experimental test make the design concept an effective route for the development of high performance actuating devices for many applications. The theoretical modeling, fabrication of the HYBAS and the initial experimental results will be presented and discussed.

Download

<title>Theoretical evaluation of electroactive-polymer based on micropump diaphragm for air flow control</title>

Smart Structures and Materials 2004: Smart Electronics, MEMS, BioMEMS, and Nanotechnology, 2004

An electroactive polymer (EAP), high energy electron irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluor... more An electroactive polymer (EAP), high energy electron irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer, based actuation micropump diaphragm (PAMPD) have been developed for air flow control. The displacement strokes and profiles as a function of amplifier and frequency of electric field have been characterized. The volume stroke rates (volume rate) as function of electric field, driving frequency have been theoretically evaluated, too. The PAMPD exhibits high volume rate. It is easily tuned with varying of either amplitude or frequency of the applied electric field. In addition, the performance of the diaphragms were modeled and the agreement between the modeling results and experimental data confirms that the response of the diaphragms follow the design parameters. The results demonstrated that the diaphragm can fit some future aerospace applications to replace the traditional complex mechanical systems, increase the control capability and reduce the weight of the future air dynamic control systems.

Download

Piezoelectric Actuators With Active and Passive Frames

Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation, 2013

Electromechanical actuators that generate large displacements, have large load capabilities, and ... more Electromechanical actuators that generate large displacements, have large load capabilities, and demonstrate strong resonance characteristics are in great demand in the areas of precision positioning, active vibration control, and energy harvesting. Piezoelectric materials have been widely investigated for these applications because of their high energy density, quick response time, and relatively low driving voltages, but they demonstrate very small strain, typically about 0.1%. We present experimental and finite element results for two designs that use active and passive frames, respectively, to enhance the small strain in piezoelectric multilayer stacks. The first design, stacked-HYBATS, employs the synergetic contribution of d33 and d31 mode piezoelectric material. Finite element results show that this structure can generate over 50 microns of displacement and nearly 40 N of blocking force in a 36 mm × 22 mm × 10 mm footprint. The second design employs frames made from passive m...

Fabrication and Characterization of 3-D Periodic Ferroelectric Polymer-Silica Opal Composites and Inverse Opal for Photonic Crystals

One of the challenges in the research of photonic crystals is how to tune the band structure over... more One of the challenges in the research of photonic crystals is how to tune the band structure over a wide wavelength range. This can be achieved by tuning the lattice strain of the material, which can be induced by external field. Recently, we reported the finding that a large electrostrictive strain ( ~5%) can be generated in high energy irradiated

Recrystallization, impurity migration and optical activation of Yb-implanted silicon induced by rapid thermal annealing

Physics Letters A, 1994

The rapid thermal annealing temperature dependence of the recrystallization, Yb migration and its... more The rapid thermal annealing temperature dependence of the recrystallization, Yb migration and its optical activation were studied for Yb-implanted silicon. For the annealing regime SOO-lOOO"C, the Yb segregates both at the crystal/amorphous interface and at the surface, which is different from the usual segregation of Er at the crystal/amorphous interface, and the efficiency of optical activation also increases with annealing temperature. However, the amorphous layer regrows completely and no photoluminescence is observed after the annealing at 1200°C.

Download

Aqueous Dispersions of Few-Layered and Monolayered Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets from Sonication-Assisted Hydrolysis: Critical Role of Water

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is traditionally considered to be insoluble in water. However, her... more

Energy harvesting using a PZT ceramic multilayer stack

Smart Materials and Structures, 2013

In this paper, the interdisciplinary energy harvesting issues on piezoelectric energy harvesting ... more In this paper, the interdisciplinary energy harvesting issues on piezoelectric energy harvesting were investigated using a '33' mode (mechanical stress and/or electric field are in parallel to the polarization direction) lead zirconate titanate multilayer piezoelectric stack (PZT-Stack). Key energy harvesting characteristics including the generated electrical energy/power in the PZT-Stack, the mechanical to electrical energy conversion efficiency, the power delivered from the PZT-Stack to a resistive load, the electrical charge/energy transferred from the PZT-Stack to a super-capacitor were systematically addressed. Theoretical models for power generation and delivery to a resistive load were proposed and experimentally affirmed. In a quasi-static regime, 70% generated electrical powers were delivered to matched resistive loads. A 35% mechanical to electrical energy conversion efficiency, which is more than 4 times higher than other reports, for the PZT-Stack had been obtained. The generated electrical power and power density were significantly higher than those from a similar weight and size cantilever-type piezoelectric harvester in both resonance and off-resonance modes. In addition, our study indicated that the capacitance and piezoelectric coefficient of the PZT-Stack were strongly dependent on the dynamic stress.

Download

Energy harvesting using a PZT ceramic multilayer stack

Smart Materials and Structures, 2013

Download

Above-gap and subgap differential conductance anomaly in concentrated magnetic semiconductor Zn0.32Co0.68O1−v/Pb superconductor hybrid junctions

Physics Letters A, 2014

ABSTRACT

Damage accumulation and amorphization in GaAs by MeV Si+ ion implantation at different tilt angles

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1994

Abstract Damage accumulation and amorphization in GaAs(100) by MeV Si+ ion implantation at differ... more Abstract Damage accumulation and amorphization in GaAs(100) by MeV Si+ ion implantation at different tilt angles have been studied using the Rutherford backscattering and channeling technique. It was found that the total amount of damage increases linearly with the implant dose at doses less than the threshold dose for amorphization. Layer by layer amorphization was observed at doses higher than the threshold dose. The damage distribution is strongly influenced by the target tilt angle. With an increase in the implant tilt angle, the damage level decreases. A model for the damage accumulation and amorphization is discussed.

Waveguide investigation in Er-implanted KTiOPO4 by MeV He ion implantation

Materials Science and Engineering: B, 1998

Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO 4 or KTP) was implanted by 3.0 MeV Er ions to a dose of 7.5 ×... more Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO 4 or KTP) was implanted by 3.0 MeV Er ions to a dose of 7.5 × 10 14 ions cm − 2 at room temperature. The damage in the as-implanted KTiOPO 4 was studied by Rutherford backscattering/channeling. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement was performed at 10 K; the Er-implanted KTiOPO 4 sample was annealed at 750°C for 20 min in a N 2 atmosphere and then implanted by 2.8 MeV He ions to a dose of 1.5× 10 16 ions cm − 2 at room temperature. The dark modes were measured by the prism coupling method. 14 dark modes were observed in KTiOPO 4. The refractive index profile in the KTiPOP 4 waveguide was theoretically analyzed. The result shows that the shape of the refractive index profile is similar to one of the nuclear energy loss distribution.

Download

Rutherford backscattering studies of solid phase recrystallization and incorporation in erbium-implanted silicon

Materials Science and Engineering: B, 1995

The rapid thermal annealing temperature dependence of solid phase epitaxial recrystallization and... more The rapid thermal annealing temperature dependence of solid phase epitaxial recrystallization and incorporation of Er-implanted silicon has been studied. It was observed that the initial recrystallization is epitaxial, followed by a disruption of regrowth in the doped region for the samples irradiated with 350 keV and 150 keV Er ions to doses of 1 x 1015 cm-2 and 7 x 1014 cm-2 respectively. The maximum incorporation concentration in the regrowth area for the former decreases with increasing annealing temperature. However, an anomalous enhancement of the maximum incorporation concentration is observed after annealing at 850 °C for the latter.

Download

Tian-Bing Xu

Uploads

Papers by Tian-Bing Xu

Log In