Papers by SUNARTI HALID
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Nov 4, 2023
Commercial banks are the principal players in the banking system as they constitute the largest a... more Commercial banks are the principal players in the banking system as they constitute the largest and most significant providers of funds. Their core function is to provide retail banking services, including accepting deposits, granting loans and advances, and financial guarantees. Customers are offered a variety of bank credit or loan options, which include Simple Interest, Simple Interest with Compensating Balance, Discount Interest, and Discount Interest with Compensating Balance. However, customers are not always cognizant of the best available option. The most economical alternative is the one that offers the lowest annual interest cost, which is referred to as the effective annual rate (EAR). Unfortunately, not all customers are proficient in calculating EAR, which is where My eCredit Banking Apps Version 3 (MECBA V3) comes into play. This innovative application assists borrowers in determining the most suitable interest rate and financial alternatives offered by commercial banks in Malaysia. By employing MECBA V3, customers can save both time and money in selecting the optimal alternative, as these calculations can be laborious and complicated. Selecting the appropriate option is critical, as loans can have extended repayment periods, resulting in a considerable amount of money being repaid. Therefore, My eCredit Banking Apps Version 3 (MECBA V3) is the optimal solution for making well-informed credit banking choices.
International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES
Money laundering represents a significant global threat, necessitating the vigilance of professio... more Money laundering represents a significant global threat, necessitating the vigilance of professional accountants in detecting and reporting suspicious customer activities within their jurisdiction to the relevant authorities. Despite the legal obligation to comply with anti-money laundering regulations, professional accountants' adherence to these measures remains insufficient. Previous research on machine learning techniques for combating money laundering has predominantly concentrated on predicting suspicious transactions, rather than evaluating compliance behavior. This study aims to develop a machine learning prediction model to assess the inclination of professional accountants towards adhering to anti-money laundering regulations, serving as an early signal system to gauge their willingness to abide by the law in their professional responsibilities. The research elaborates on the design and implementation of machine learning models based on three algorithms: Decision Tree,...
Academic Dishonesty and Financial Reporting Fraud Intention
Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
The Covid-19 pandemic has significant impact on education system. In mitigating health risks for ... more The Covid-19 pandemic has significant impact on education system. In mitigating health risks for educators and students, many higher education institutions across the globe opt to apply new ways of teaching and testing; online distance learnings (ODL). The ODL however lead to adverse effect on academic integrity as the online platform provided more opportunity for students to defraud the system and cheat. Thus, the main objective of this study is to investigate the student's attitude towards academic dishonesty on ODL and how such attitude affect financial reporting fraud intention. Using a questionnaire survey of 158 accounting students of Malaysian public university, the results show that academic dishonesty attitudes is significantly positive associated with financial reporting fraud intention.
International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 2023
Research covering Environmental, Social, and Governance (hereafter ESG) and financial performance... more Research covering Environmental, Social, and Governance (hereafter ESG) and financial performance often suffers from inconsistent terminology and jargon. ESG refers to companies and investors incorporating environmental, social, and governance issues into their business. Meanwhile, the ESG score is an innovative method of evaluating a company's activities. The ESG score focuses not on financial reporting, which investors and managers are accustomed to using when making decisions, but on statements on the corporation's influence on the underlying pillars of the score. Stakeholders and fund managers believe that firms with high ESG scores yield better operating performance, higher returns, and lower firm-specific risk. But still, abundant inconclusive evidence attracts sustainability scholars to fill concerning sustainability disclosure and performance. Therefore, this paper examines the need for overall ESG scores and their impact on the firm performance of listed companies. It shows that there are both positive and negative relationships between ESG scores and firm performance. The author intends to continue research by formulating the hypotheses for analysing the influence of overall ESG scores on firm performance and proposing a model for analysing this correlation. The findings of this study will be helpful to investors, policymakers, and other related agencies and widen the scope of literature to examine the impact of overall ESG scores on their accounting performance (ROA and ROE) and market valuation (Market Capitalisation).
International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences
The covid-19 pandemic affects education system across the globe by shifting teaching and assessme... more The covid-19 pandemic affects education system across the globe by shifting teaching and assessment practices from traditional face to face to open and distance learning (ODL). The ODL however come with higher risks for academic integrity as it provides more opportunities for students to engage in academic dishonesty. Thus, this study aims to examine students' perceptions and actual experiences of academic dishonesty among accounting students under two different learning settings; face to face and ODL. Using questionnaire-survey as a method to collect data from 94 final year accounting students of one public university in Malaysia, the result shows that student engaged in academic dishonesty more frequently in ODL than in face to face. In addition, the results reveal that the most popular methods of academic dishonesty are sharing answer or work with other students and plagiarizing for both learning conditions. The findings from this study are valuable to the educators as well as higher education institutions' administrators in devising monitoring mechanisms to deter academic dishonesty in ODL.
R&D and Market Valuation: Empirical Evidence From Malaysian Listed Firms
Research and Development (hereafter R&D) is an expensive activity where it requires an investment... more Research and Development (hereafter R&D) is an expensive activity where it requires an investment of a certain amount of capital with the belief that they would result in some increased benefits in the future periods. Traditionally, firms have supported R&D because the technological improvements made possible by innovation allow them to better productivity, succeeded in markets and meet the regulatory demands. In relation to this, the major aim of this study is to understand and acknowledge the value relevance of R&D in market valuation. The study only focuses on listed companies in Malaysia for the year 2000 until 2012. This study empirically investigated the association between R&D information in determining and explaining the market value. The study also to identify a relationship between R&D with all other assets. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between the R&D and the sign of earnings items. An equity valuation model based on the modified balance sheet identity was us...
International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 2022
Non-financial information such as environmental, social, and governance (hereafter ESG) issues ar... more Non-financial information such as environmental, social, and governance (hereafter ESG) issues are becoming important as financial data. There has been a series of organizational failures and controversies about corporate governance, which have raised questions about the capabilities of management and ethical behaviour on the business's level of transparency. Even factors that influence or detract from an ESG score are becoming increasingly relevant to consider. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between board characteristics and ESG score in Malaysian listed firms. In particular, this study examines four important board charactristics; board size, board independence, tenure, and board diversity on ESG score. Using 165 firm-year observations from 2017 to 2019, the findings reveal that the board independence is significantly positively associated with ESG scores. Other board characteristics; board size, tenure and board diversity, however, is not associated with ESG score. Several control variables, namely firm size, profitability, and leverage have been considered in the study, and it found that all control variables have a significant impact on ESG scores. This study contributes to the governance and ESG literature in the developing countries byhighlighting the effect of board characteristics on firm's ESG scores.
The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 2018
Since Graduate on Time (GOT) being introduced as one of their key performance indicators (KPIs), ... more Since Graduate on Time (GOT) being introduced as one of their key performance indicators (KPIs), certain higher education institutions are facing with situation where students are unable to complete their studies within the specified time frame. Various learning approaches have been adopted by educators in their effort to enhance students’ examination results so as to assist them to graduate on time. Studies by Tan and Laswad (2015) and Davidson (2002) have proven that learning approaches do significantly give an impact to academic performances, while Djajadikerta et al. (2008) and Chan (2011) have shown otherwise. Hence, this study is performed in order to provide further evidences concerning learning approaches and their impact onto students’ academic performance, i.e. their examination grades. Using Biggs’ (1987a) Study Process Questionnaire, 208 completed questionnaires are obtained from final semester students of Diploma in Accountancy from Faculty of Accountancy, UiTM Perak Br...
R&D Information and Market Valuation: Empirical Evidence from Malaysian Listed Firms
Research and Development (hereafter R&D) is an expensive activity where it requires an investment... more Research and Development (hereafter R&D) is an expensive activity where it requires an investment of a certain amount of capital with the belief that they would result in some increased benefits in the future periods. Traditionally, firms have supported R&D because the technological improvements made possible by innovation allow them to better productivity, succeeded in markets and meet the regulatory demands. In relation to this, the major aim of this study is to understand and acknowledge the value relevance of R&D in market valuation. The study only focuses on listed companies in Malaysia for the year 2000 until 2012. This study empirically investigated the association between R&D information in determining and explaining the market value. The study also to identify a relationship between R&D with all other assets. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between the R&D and the sign of earnings items. An equity valuation model based on the modified balance sheet identity was us...
The market valuation of R&D: empirical evidence from Malaysian firms
The major objective of this study is to understand and recognize the value relevance of research ... more The major objective of this study is to understand and recognize the value relevance of research and development (R&D) in market valuation. The sample of firms selected for this study is from Malaysia for the period 2000-2007. This study have examined whether the market perceives R&D information as an important variable in determining the value of a company. Specifically, the study empirically investigates the association between R&D information in determining and explaining the market value. The study also describes a relationship between R&D with all other assets. Further we examine the relationship between R&D and the sign of earnings items. An equity valuation model based on the modified balance sheet identity is used to permit R&D and other assets to have separate empirical coefficient values. This study finds weak empirical support at best for the value relevance of R&D at the firm level. However, market was taking into consideration BVNA in determining the firm's equity v...
Purpose - The major objective of this study is to understand and recognize the value relevance of... more Purpose - The major objective of this study is to understand and recognize the value relevance of research and development (R&D) in market valuation. The firms selected for this study is from Malaysia from the period 2000-2007. This study have examined whether the market perceived R&D information as an important variable in determining the value of a company. Specifically, this study empirically investigated the association between R&D information in determining and explaining the market value. The study also described a relationship between R&D with all other assets. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between the R&D and the sign of earnings items. Design/methodology/approach - An equity valuation model based on the modified balance sheet identity was used to permit R&D and other assets to have separate empirical coefficient values. Findings - This study found weak empirical support at best for the value relevance of R&D at the firm level. However, market was taken into cons...
International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 2022
Non-financial information such as environmental, social, and governance (hereafter ESG) issues ar... more Non-financial information such as environmental, social, and governance (hereafter ESG) issues are becoming important as financial data. There has been a series of organizational failures and controversies about corporate governance, which have raised questions about the capabilities of management and ethical behaviour on the business's level of transparency. Even factors that influence or detract from an ESG score are becoming increasingly relevant to consider. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between board characteristics and ESG score in Malaysian listed firms. In particular, this study examines four important board charactristics; board size, board independence, tenure, and board diversity on ESG score. Using 165 firm-year observations from 2017 to 2019, the findings reveal that the board independence is significantly positively associated with ESG scores. Other board characteristics; board size, tenure and board diversity, however, is not associated with ESG score. Several control variables, namely firm size, profitability, and leverage have been considered in the study, and it found that all control variables have a significant impact on ESG scores. This study contributes to the governance and ESG literature in the developing countries byhighlighting the effect of board characteristics on firm's ESG scores.
Integrated Reporting and Environmental, Social and Governance: A Study on Malaysian Banking Sector
International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences
Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 2021
The growing of stakeholders' demand for better corporate transparency has derived firms to adopt ... more The growing of stakeholders' demand for better corporate transparency has derived firms to adopt integrated reporting. Thus, this study aims to examine the impact of firm's board of directors on integrated reporting practice. In particular, this study investigates how board characteristics; board size, board independence, board activity and board gender diversity influence the degree of integrated reporting disclosure of Malaysian commercial banks. Consistent with prior research, this study uses a disclosure index based on International Integrated Reporting Council Framework to measure integrated reporting disclosure. Using a sample of Malaysian commercial banks from 2013 to 2017, the results show that board size is significantly negative associated with integrated reporting disclosure. Other board characteristics, however, are not associated with integrated reporting disclosure. Our findings provide insights for regulators in designing more effective corporate governance mechanisms that promote better integrated reporting practice.
This study aims to present empirical investigation on the extent of information content in the St... more This study aims to present empirical investigation on the extent of information content in the Statement of Internal Control (SIC) disclosed in annual reports of Malaysian public listed companies for the financial year ending 2008. Secondly, it seeks to investigate whether company characteristics such as size (turnover & registered board), leverage (long-term debt) and equity may have any influence on the disclosure of internal control. The study reviewed annual reports of 159 public listed companies in Malaysia, which comprised 71 listed under the First Board and another 88 companies from the Second Board in Bursa Malaysia. This study was conducted in two phases, where in phase one, we performed content analysis on Statement of Internal Control to compute SIC disclosure. In the second phase, it was hypothesized that the company’s size (turnover & types of listed board), leverage and equity of the company affect the level of information disclosure for SIC using linear regression. Th...
Auditor Choice Prediction Model Using Corporate Governance and Ownership Attributes: Machine Learning Approach
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
-External auditor is one of the governance mechanisms in mitigating corporate managerial miscondu... more -External auditor is one of the governance mechanisms in mitigating corporate managerial misconduct and thereby enhance the credibility of accounting information. Thus, the main objective of this study is to develop machine learning prediction model on auditor choice of the firm which signal the quality of auditing and financial reporting processes.This paper presents the fundamental knowledge on the design and implementation of machine learning model based on four selected algorithms tested on the real dataset of 2,262 firm-year observations of companies listed on Malaysian stock exchange from 2000 to 2007. The performance of each machine learning algorithm on the auditor choice dataset has been observed based on three groups of features selection namely firm characteristics, governance and ownership. The findings indicated that the machine learning models present better accuracy performance with ownership features selection mainly with the Naïve Bayes algorithm. Keywords-Auditor Choice, Machine Learning, Prediction, Malaysia
Intellectual Capital Management: Pathways to Sustainable Competitive Advantage
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences
Conference Presentations by SUNARTI HALID
Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 2022
The Covid-19 pandemic has significant impact on education system. In mitigating health risks for ... more The Covid-19 pandemic has significant impact on education system. In mitigating health risks for educators and students, many higher education institutions across the globe opt to apply new ways of teaching and testing; online distance learnings (ODL). The ODL however lead to adverse effect on academic integrity as the online platform provided more opportunity for students to defraud the system and cheat. Thus, the main objective of this study is to investigate the student's attitude towards academic dishonesty on ODL and how such attitude affect financial reporting fraud intention. Using a questionnaire survey of 158 accounting students of Malaysian public university, the results show that academic dishonesty attitudes is significantly positive associated with financial reporting fraud intention.
Proceedings of the 1st International Colloquium on Accounting and Business, 2022
Environmental, Social, and Governance (hereafter ESG) reporting has gained more popularity among ... more Environmental, Social, and Governance (hereafter ESG) reporting has gained more popularity among organizations and socially responsible communities. Stakeholders and fund managers believe that firms with high ESG scores yield better operating performance, higher returns, and lower firm-specific risk. But still, abundant inconclusive evidence attracts sustainability scholars to fill concerning sustainability disclosure and performance. The ESG score comprises three aspects of a company's operations: the Environment, Social, and Governance factors. Therefore, this paper examines the need for overall ESG scores and their impact on the firm performance of listed companies. It shows that there are both positive and negative relationships between ESG scores and firm performance. The author intends to continue research by formulating the research hypotheses for analyzing the influence of overall ESG scores on firm performance and proposing a model for analyzing this correlation. The findings of this study will be helpful to investors, policymakers, and other related agencies and widen the scope of literature to examine the impact of overall ESG scores on their accounting performance (ROA and ROE) and market valuations (Tobin's-Q).
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Papers by SUNARTI HALID
Conference Presentations by SUNARTI HALID