Papers by Robert McIntosh
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1977
The wheat cultivars Agent and Agatha each possess closely linked genes for resistance to Puccinia... more The wheat cultivars Agent and Agatha each possess closely linked genes for resistance to Puccinia graminis tritici and P. recondita derived from Agropyron elongatum. The genes in Agent, located in chromosome 3D, were designated Sr24 and Lr24. The gene in Agatha for resistance to P. graminis tritici was designated Sr25 and is linked with Lr19 in chromosome 7D. Both Agent and Agatha possess additional genes for resistance to certain cultures of P. graminis tritici. Sr24 is considered a valuable source of resistance for wheat-breeding purposes, but Sr25 conferred an inadequate level of resistance to adult plants. A translocation from an A. elongatum chromosome to wheat chromosome 6A, present in Australian cultivars Eagle, Kite and Jabiru, carries a third gene, Sr26, for stem rust resistance.
A C-band scatterometer for remote sensing the air-sea interface
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1991
... C. Receiver The first stage of the receiver is a 20-dBm PIN diode limiter that ... due to Ray... more ... C. Receiver The first stage of the receiver is a 20-dBm PIN diode limiter that ... due to Rayleigh fading [2]. An amemometer located on the data buoy provided a single-point measurement of ... CT Swift of the University of Mas-sachusetts for suggesting the development of C-Scat and ...
Electromagnetic bias in sea surface range measurements at frequencies of the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1993
Page 1. 376 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 31, NO. 2, MARCH 1993 Electr... more Page 1. 376 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 31, NO. 2, MARCH 1993 Electromagnetic Bias in Sea Surface Range Measurements at Frequencies of the TOPEX/POSEIDON Satellite ...
Polarimetric backscatter measurements of deciduous and coniferous trees at 225 GHz
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1991
Polarimetric radar measurements of foliage made in the 220-GHz transmission window are described.... more Polarimetric radar measurements of foliage made in the 220-GHz transmission window are described. A noncoherent, 60-W-peak-power polarimetric radar was used to measure the target Mueller matrix directly by measuring the scattered polarization state for either four or six incident polarizations. Measurements of deciduous trees indicate that waves scattered from erectophil trees (vertically oriented leaves) are more highly polarized than waves
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1995
FOPAIR, a Focused Phased Array Imaging Radar, provides high-resolution X-band images of the ocean... more FOPAIR, a Focused Phased Array Imaging Radar, provides high-resolution X-band images of the ocean surface. The system is designed to provide high-speed imagery (up to 180 frameds) for short range applications (50-400 m) from a fixed platform such as a pier or tower. FOPAIR employs a fast, sequentially sampled antenna array and uses a softwarebased beamforming technique to generate high resolution imagery without the need for multiple radar receivers or beamforming hardware typical of active phased arrays. A summary of the principles of operation and the design of the instrument is given, followed by examples of FOPAIR's imaging capability. To our knowledge, these examples include the highest-resolution, highestspeed microwave images of the ocean surface produced to date. A brief comparison between FOPAIR and synthetic aperture radar techniques is also included.
Considerations for Microwave Remote Sensing of Ocean-Surface Salinity
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2000
I. INTRODUCTION S YNOPTIC measurements of ocean salinity are of great value to physical, biologic... more I. INTRODUCTION S YNOPTIC measurements of ocean salinity are of great value to physical, biological, and chemical oceanographers who research the coastal zone. Such data are useful in deter-mining the estuarine impact of river flooding for shellfish-bed health ...
Classification of particles in stratiform clouds using the 33 and 95 GHz polarimetric cloud profiling radar system (CPRS)
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1997
This paper describes the identification of regions of ice, cloud droplets, rain, mixed-phase hydr... more This paper describes the identification of regions of ice, cloud droplets, rain, mixed-phase hydrometers, and insects in stratiform clouds using 33 and 95 GHz radar measurements of reflectivity, linear-depolarization ratio (LDR), dual-wavelength ratio, and velocity from a single-antenna radar system. First, the radar system, experiment, and data products are described. Then, regions are classified using a rule-based classifier derived primarily
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1995
A unique focused array imaging Doppler radar was used to measure directional spectra of Ocean sur... more A unique focused array imaging Doppler radar was used to measure directional spectra of Ocean surface waves in a nearshore experiment performed on the North Carolina Outer Banks. Radar images of the ocean surface's Doppler velocity were used to generate two dimensional spectra of the radial component of the ocean surface velocity field. These are compared to simultaneous in-situ measurements made by a nearby array of submerged pressure sensors. Analysis of the resulting two-dimensional spectra include comparisons of dominant wave lengths, wave directions, and wave energy accounting for relative differences in water depth at the measurement locations. Limited estimates of the two-dimensional surface displacement spectrum are derived from the radar data. The radar measurements are analagous to those of interferometric synthetic aperture radars (INSAR), and the equivalent INSAR parameters are shown. The agreement between the remote and in-situ measurements suggests that an imaging Doppler radar is effective for these wave measurements at near grazing incidence angles.
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1995
Abshact -Ocean radar backscatter in the presence of large waves is investigated using data acquir... more Abshact -Ocean radar backscatter in the presence of large waves is investigated using data acquired with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory NUSCAT radar at K. band for horizontal and vertical polarizations and the University of Massachusetts C-SCAT radar at C band for vertical polarization during the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment. Backscatter 1 Presently on assignment at NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory, Boulder, CO 2 data of ocean surfaces was obtained in the presence of large waves with significant wave height up to 5.6 m, In moderate-wind cases, effects of large waves are not detectable within the measurement uncertainty and no noticeable correlation between backscatter coefficients and wave height is found. Under high wave light wind conditions, backscatter is enhanced significantly at large incidence angles with a weaker effect at small incidence angles. Ba&catter coefficients in the wind speed range under consideration are comp~ed with model results which confirm the experimental observations. Variations of the friction velocity, which can give rise to the observed backscatter behaviors in the presence of large waves, are presented. I. INTRODUCTION Radar scatterometry is a technique for remote sensing of the near surface wind speed and direction over the ocean. Sensors have been successfully developed and flown at Kuband on the SEASAT [1] satellite in 1978, and at C band on the operational ERS-1 satellite [2]. The small scale ocean surface roughness increases with increasing local winds, and this increased roughness enhances the off-nadir radar cross section of the ocean.
Polarimetric backscatter from fresh and metamorphic snowcover at millimeter wavelengths
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1996
Page 1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 44, NO. 1, JANUARY 1996 etric Backsca... more Page 1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 44, NO. 1, JANUARY 1996 etric Backscatter fro resh hic Snowcover llimeter veleng ths Paul S. Chang, James B. Mead, Member, ZEEE, Eric J. Knapp ...
Measurement and classification of low-grazing-angle radar sea spikes
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1998
High-resolution dual-polarization X-band images of the ocean surface were obtained at a grazing a... more High-resolution dual-polarization X-band images of the ocean surface were obtained at a grazing angle of about 3°. Area extensive imaging allowed us to study the backscatter properties of sea spikes and to compare radar measurements with visual surface features evident from video recordings. The vertically polarized radar images consist of distributed scatter whose amplitude and Doppler velocity are modulated by
Polarimetric observations and theory of millimeter-wave backscatter from snow cover
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1993
Polarimetric radar measurements carried out at 95 and 225 GHz are presented for fresh and refroze... more Polarimetric radar measurements carried out at 95 and 225 GHz are presented for fresh and refrozen snow cover. These data indicate that the Mueller matrix for snow cover consisting of spherical ice particles has a relatively simple form, with 10 of the 16 elements approximately zero. Measurements of new-fallen snow consisting of predominantly nonspherical snow crystals are also presented. The
Genetic association of crown rust resistance gene Pc68 , storage protein loci, and resistance gene analogues in oats
Genome, 2011
Segregating F(3) families, derived from a cross between oat cultivar Swan and the putative single... more Segregating F(3) families, derived from a cross between oat cultivar Swan and the putative single gene line PC68, were used to determine the association of seed storage protein loci and resistance gene analogues (RGAs) with the crown rust resistance gene Pc68. SDS-PAGE analysis detected three avenin loci, AveX, AveY, and AveZ, closely linked to Pc68. Their diagnostic alleles are linked in coupling to Pc68 and were also detected in three additional lines carrying Pc68. Another protein locus was linked in repulsion to Pc68. In complementary studies, three wheat RGA clones (W2, W4, and W10) detected restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) between homozygous resistant and homozygous susceptible F(3) DNA bulks. Four oat homologues of W2 were cloned and sequenced. RFLPs detected with two of them were mapped using F(3) and F(4) populations. Clone 18 detected a locus, Orga2, linked in repulsion to Pc68. Clone 22 detected several RFLPs including Orga1 (the closest locus to Pc68) and three RGA loci (Orga22-2, Orga22-3, and Orga22-4) loosely linked to Pc68. The diagnostic RFLPs linked in coupling to Pc68 were detected by clone 22 in three additional oat lines carrying Pc68 and have potential utility in investigating and improving crown rust resistance of oat.
Experimental Brain Research, 2008
The remote distractor eVect is a robust Wnding whereby a saccade to a lateralised visual target i... more The remote distractor eVect is a robust Wnding whereby a saccade to a lateralised visual target is delayed by the simultaneous, or near simultaneous, onset of a distractor in the opposite hemiWeld. Saccadic inhibition is a more recently discovered phenomenon whereby a transient change to the scene during a visual task induces a depression in saccadic frequency beginning within 70 ms, and maximal around 90-100 ms. We assessed whether saccadic inhibition is responsible for the increase in saccadic latency induced by remote distractors. Participants performed a simple saccadic task in which the delay between target and distractor was varied between 0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 ms. Examination of the distributions of saccadic latencies showed that each distractor produced a discrete dip in saccadic frequency, time-locked to distractor onset, conforming closely to the character of saccadic inhibition. We conclude that saccadic inhibition underlies the remote distractor eVect.
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 1995
Wheat brown rust pathotype (pt) 104-2,3,(6),(7),11 was first detected in Australasia in Victoria ... more Wheat brown rust pathotype (pt) 104-2,3,(6),(7),11 was first detected in Australasia in Victoria during 1984. Although it appeared similar to a pre-existing pathotype, 104-2,3,6,(7), detailed greenhouse tests revealed nine pathogenic differences between the two rusts. Six differences involved contrasting virulence/avirulence for the resistance genes/specificities Lr12, Lr27 + Lr31 and Lr16, and three uncharacterised genes, present in the wheat cultivars Gaza and Harrier, and in triticale cultivar Lasko. Differences in partial virulence between the pathotypes were found for the genes Lr2a, Lr13 and Lr26.
Euphytica, 1996
Wild relatives of common wheat, Triticum aestivum, and related species are an important source of... more Wild relatives of common wheat, Triticum aestivum, and related species are an important source of disease and pest resistance and several useful traits have been transferred from these species to wheat. C-banding and in situ hybridization analyses are powerful cytological techniques allowing the detection of alien chromatin in wheat. Cbanding permits identification of the wheat and alien chromosomes involved in wheat-alien translocations, whereas genomic in situ hybridization analysis allows determination of their size and breakpoint positions. The present review summarizes the available data on wheat-alien transfers conferring resistance to diseases and pests. Ten of the 57 spontaneous and induced wheat-alien translocations were identified as whole arm translocations with the breakpoints within the centromeric regions. The majority of transfers (45) were identified as terminal translocations with distal alien segments translocated to wheat chromosome arms. Only two intercalary wheat-alien transloctions were identified, one induced by radiation treatment with a small segment of rye chromosome 6RL (H25) inserted into the long arm of wheat chromosome 4A, and the other probably induced by homoeologous recombination with a segment derived from the long arm of a group 7 Agropyron elongatum chromosome with Lrl9 inserted into the long arm of 7D. The presented information should be useful for further directed chromosome engineering aimed at producing superior germplasm.
Seedling resistances to rust diseases in international triticale germplasm
Crop and Pasture Science, 2010
ABSTRACT
Characterisation of wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 in Australian wheats using components of resistance and the linked molecular marker csLV34
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2007
... Swift Condor/3Ag14//Romany/4189 Lr24 0 0 + a Tasman Torres/2/Gabo/Siete Cerros//Bluebird/Cian... more ... Swift Condor/3Ag14//Romany/4189 Lr24 0 0 + a Tasman Torres/2/Gabo/Siete Cerros//Bluebird/Ciano Lr24 0 0 + b ... Beulah Cook*2/Millewa//TM56 Lr3a 60 1355 + bCadoux Centrifen/Gamenya(F3)//Gamenya/3/Jacup Lr3a + Lr23 60 1345 a ...
Cortex, 2004
Patient DF has profound visual form agnosia. Despite this, she has no problem adjusting her finge... more Patient DF has profound visual form agnosia. Despite this, she has no problem adjusting her finger-thumb grip aperture to the width of objects when reaching to grasp them. In a previous study, however, she was found to have great difficulty in scaling her grip aperture when attempting to grasp a transparent disc through two holes cut into it. This problem was attributed to a putative difference between the visual processing of size and distance in the brain, whereby DF retained the capacity for processing object size but not the separation between distinct elements such as holes. In the present study we have tested this idea more directly, and found no evidence to support such a distinction. Nonetheless, we replicated our earlier finding that DF is unable to produce normal prehension movements when attempting to grasp transparent stimuli by placing her digits into holes. We suggest that, whilst some simple objects offer themselves directly to the dorsal stream for grasping, an intact ventral stream is required to respond appropriately to more complex stimuli.
Mirror man: A case of skilled deliberate mirror writing
Cognitive Neuropsychology, 2014
Mirror writing is a striking behaviour that is common in children and can reemerge in adults foll... more Mirror writing is a striking behaviour that is common in children and can reemerge in adults following brain damage. Skilled deliberate mirror writing has also been reported, but only anecdotally. We provide the first quantitative study of skilled deliberate mirror writing. K.B. can write forward or backward, vertically upright or inverted, with the hands acting alone or simultaneously. K.B. is predominantly left handed, but writes habitually with his right hand. Of his writing formats, his left hand mirror writing is by far the most similar in style to his normal handwriting. When writing bimanually, he performs better when his two hands make mirror-symmetrical movements to write opposite scripts than if they move in the same direction to write similar scripts. He has no special facility for reading mirrored text. These features are consistent with prior anecdotal cases and support a motor basis for K.B.'s ability, according to which his skilled mirror writing results from the left hand execution of a low-level motor program for a right hand abductive writing action. Our methods offer a novel framework for investigating the sharing of motor representations across effectors.
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Papers by Robert McIntosh