Due to dynamic cultural changes and related religious transformation there are many attempts to c... more Due to dynamic cultural changes and related religious transformation there are many attempts to create adequate system of Christian formation in Poland. Such formation should include both the teaching of religion in schools and catechesis realized in the parish. Teaching religion in schools is an irreplaceable form of catechesis, but should be complemented by a parish catechesis. Religious education should focus on the dialogue between faith and culture and above all strengthen the cognitive dimension of catechesis. The parish catechesis should place particular emphasis on Christian initiation and preparation for the sacraments. Only the complementary model of Christian formation involving religious education in school and catechesis in the parish gives hope for the effectiveness of formation.
Wyzwania dla nauczania religii są analizowane z różnych perspektyw i w różnych aspektach. W diagn... more Wyzwania dla nauczania religii są analizowane z różnych perspektyw i w różnych aspektach. W diagnozie problemów jednym z najważniejszych czynników jest opinia nauczycieli religii, którzy bezpośrednio i na co dzień konfrontują się z tymi wyzwaniami. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi analizę wyników badań nauczycieli religii w tym kontekście. Omówione zostały wyzwania ze strony uczniów, rodziców, Kościoła instytucjonalnego, szkoły oraz wyzwania ze strony parafii. Wśród najpoważniejszych wyzwań nauczyciele religii wskazali brak potrzeby rozwijania wiary ze strony uczniów i ich rodziców. Badania potwierdzają, że najsilniejszym korelatem postaw wobec edukacji religijnej w szkole są obojętność religijna i słabnąca religijność.
Poljsku se ponajprije smatra izvorom migracija, ali posljednjih godina zemlja je postala i mjesto... more Poljsku se ponajprije smatra izvorom migracija, ali posljednjih godina zemlja je postala i mjesto naseljavanja izbjeglica i migranata, koji osobito dolaze iz Istočne Europe. U ovom smo radu najprije pokušali prikazati današnje iseljavanje iz Poljske, a zatim predstaviti priljev stranaca u tu zemlju. Pokazali smo i posljedice iseljavanja za Poljsku. Zatim smo se fokusirali na učenje Crkve o iseljenicima, a posebno na brigu za njihovo duhovno dobro. Drugi dio članka posvećen je useljenicima u Poljsku. Razmišljanje završava predstavljanjem trenutačnih podataka o broju imigranata i razlozima naseljavanja u Poljskoj. Prikazali smo poljsku državnu politiku s tim u vezi te prešli na stav Rimokatoličke Crkve u pogledu prihvaćanja izbjeglica i migranata. Na temelju provedenih analiza ustanovili smo da je politika poljske države otvorena uglavnom prema pridošlicama iz Istočne Europe, dok potencijalnim migrantima sa Srednjeg Istoka i iz Afrike, poljska Vlada nudi pomoć samo u privremenom nasel...
The Christian communities already in the antiquity took care of refugees and migrants. In the fol... more The Christian communities already in the antiquity took care of refugees and migrants. In the following centuries, the Church has repeatedly called for help provided to foreigners, placing particular emphasis on satisfying their spiritual needs. Therefore, recommendations were made to provide pastoral care in their mother tongue or even to create personal parishes for them. The intensification of the Church's teaching on migration has taken place in the second half of the twentieth century and continues to this day. The documents of the Holy See and the Popes' statements focus on showing the advantages and dangers of migration and point to various ways of the concern for migrants.
This article reflects on the Catholic Church's teaching on eschatology at the end of the Middle A... more This article reflects on the Catholic Church's teaching on eschatology at the end of the Middle Ages. These teachings serve as the preliminary basis of an analysis of the visual catechesis depicted in medieval frescoes and paintings of the Last Judgment. The article will examine the Second Council of Lyons (1274), apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (1336), and the Council of Florence's (1439) teaching on eschatology. The specific teachings that this article will address are: particular judgment and the Last Judgment, the essence of the beatitude experienced by those who are saved (visio beaticifa), and the existence of purgatory and what, precisely, it is.
Wśród różnych form katechezy średniowiecznej wyróżnia się ikonografia, która ilustrowała podstawo... more Wśród różnych form katechezy średniowiecznej wyróżnia się ikonografia, która ilustrowała podstawowe prawdy wiary i zachęcała do życia zgodnego z tym nauczaniem. Jednym z popularnych tematów ikonograficznych tego okresu był Sąd Ostateczny umieszczany zazwyczaj na tylnej ścianie kościołów po to, aby przypominać wychodzącym z kościoła ludziom o ich ostatecznym losie. Kwestie eschatologiczne cieszyły się zawsze dużą popularnością, bowiem dotyczą osobiście każdego człowieka. Oprócz zainteresowania wiernych treściami eschatologicznymi powodem powstawania przedstawień Sądu Ostatecznego była ich forma wizualna, dostępna dla każdego, nawet dla najsłabiej wykształconych. Jednym z tego typu dzieł jest fresk znajdujący się w miejscowości Sant'Agata dei Goti we Włoszech, który jest przedmiotem analizy w niniejszym opracowaniu. Omówione zostały główne treści przedstawione na fresku i ich forma. Wskazano na teologiczne znaczenie poszczególnych elementów ikonograficznych i ich zgodność z oficja...
Podmiotowe uwarunkowania polskojęzycznego duszpasterstwa i katechezy w Wielkiej Brytanii
Roczniki Teologiczne
The efficiency of pastoral care on emigration depends on many factors. First of all, it is the ri... more The efficiency of pastoral care on emigration depends on many factors. First of all, it is the right diagnosis of the needs of emigrants. However, an adequate response to these needs depends primarily on the pastors and the opportunities available to them in particular parishes. This article analyzes the identity of Polish emigrants living in Great Britain. It describes Polish priests and Polish parishes in the United Kingdom. The analysis provided addresses the questions of age, education, professional activity, the residence of Poles in the United Kingdom, statistical data on the number of Polish children, and-based on the author's empirical research − reflection on the level of their knowledge of the Polish language. The second part of the article answers the questions of age, seniority, and functions performed by Polish priests working in Great Britain. It gives an initial description of Polish personal parishes , focusing on their size, location and infrastructure. The reflection is the starting point for further analyzes of the pastoral care and catechesis for Polish people in the UK. Key words: Polish community in the United Kingdom; pastoral care; catechesis on emigration. Artykuł powstał w ramach projektu badawczego pt. Edukacja religijna polskich emigrantów w Wielkiej Brytanii. Stan aktualny i perspektywy rozwoju. Projekt finansowany przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki. Numer rejestracyjny projektu: 2016/21/B/HS1/00834.
In recent years, there has been a significant change in the religiosity of Poles, especially amon... more In recent years, there has been a significant change in the religiosity of Poles, especially among the youth. Religious education for the youth, however, has remained basically unchanged. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the causes of this change in religiosity and respond properly to it. This article first presents the results of sociological research on the religiosity of Polish youth conducted in the last few years, particularly 2013-2016. These results prove that Polish young people believe increasingly less in God, participate increasingly less frequently in the liturgy, and increasingly contest the moral teachings of the Church. The article then proceeds to explain the reasons for these changes, among which is what is broadly understood as a contemporary culture in which rationalism, pluralism, and tolerance dominate. The final part of the article presents ideas to enrich religious education with elements that will address the challenges of the present and make it possible to reach Polish youth.
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
According to "The Strategy of the Development of the Country to 2020. Active Society. Competitive... more According to "The Strategy of the Development of the Country to 2020. Active Society. Competitive Economy. Efficient State", the factors of growing importance for the modern and complex development of the nation and the state are the values and standards of behaviour accepted by the society allowing communication and cooperation. They predominantly determine the readiness to take a risk, as well as creative and innovative activities. Moreover, they exert a significant impact on the ability to cooperate and create social capital. They are also gaining greater importance as a development factor.1 This is essential in the contemporary world, in which political, social, economic or cultural transformations generate serious modifications in various
Rozeznawanie znaków czasu i wypracowywanie na nie odpowiedzi jest podstawowym warunkiem skuteczne... more Rozeznawanie znaków czasu i wypracowywanie na nie odpowiedzi jest podstawowym warunkiem skutecznej działalności katechetycznej Kościoła adresowanej szczególnie do ludzi młodych. Z tego względu podjęcie refleksji naukowej nad tym zagadnieniem wydaje się nie tylko zasadne, co wręcz konieczne. Na początku niniejszego artykułu przeprowadzono analizę znaczenia terminu „znaki czasu”. Następnie wskazano i scharakteryzowano te znaki czasu, które wydają się współcześnie najbardziej istotne dla szeroko pojętej katechezy. Zwieńczeniem refleksji jest z kolei próba wypracowania odpowiedzi na przedstawione problemy.
Sprawozdanie z badań empirycznych zrealizowanych w ramach projektu pt. „Edukacja religijna polskich emigrantów w Wielkiej Brytanii. Stan aktualny i perspektywy rozwoju”
Emigration of Poles to the United Kingdom: history, present state and future prospects
International Migration
The history of Polish immigration within the United Kingdom is several centuries old. Yet, never ... more The history of Polish immigration within the United Kingdom is several centuries old. Yet, never in its history was such a mass migration seen as that after the Polish accession to the EU in 2004. During the over ten years that followed, almost a million Poles chose to settle in the United Kingdom. The article reviews and analyses past and present Polish emigration to the United Kingdom. In it, we provide answers to questions regarding who the Polish immigrants are, what work they perform and how they have integrated within British society. Moreover, in it, we also consider the factors that have had influence upon the future dynamics of migration from Poland. Based on these, we have formed the hypothesis that while the years of 2004-2016 saw, statistically, the largest emigration from Poland to the United Kingdom in recorded history, in the future, the number of Polish expatriates living in the United Kingdom will drop
Challenges for teachers of religious education in Catholic and state schools in Poland: a comparative study
International Studies in Catholic Education, 2016
The present work aims at presenting and comparing challenges faced by religion teachers in Cathol... more The present work aims at presenting and comparing challenges faced by religion teachers in Catholic and state schools in Poland. For that purpose, 10 religion teachers from Catholic and 10 from state high schools were interviewed. First of all, the concept of teaching religion was discussed, followed by an analysis of the Catholic schools’ situation in Poland. The subsequent research stage was focused on analysing the interviews with religion teachers, concerning perception of their students, contents and methods of education, as well as their satisfaction and fears related to Religious Education. There was also a comparison carried out, between the opinions of teachers working in Catholic and those employed in state schools. The paper is concluded with a discussion of the currently advocated changes in relation to methods of teaching religion in Poland.
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Papers by Paweł Mąkosa