Olfa Saddoud

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Traditional Foods as a Way to Preserve the Genetic Diversity of the Grapevine (Vitis spp.) in Tunisia

Horticulturae, Apr 22, 2024

Preserve the Genetic Diversity of the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in Tunisia.

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Genetic Diversity in Tunisian Fig Germplasm Assessed with Molecular Markers: Implication for Its Conservation

Acta horticulturae, Sep 1, 2008

Fig (Ficus carica L.), an endemic fruit species of the Mediterranean basin is widespread in Tunis... more Fig (Ficus carica L.), an endemic fruit species of the Mediterranean basin is widespread in Tunisian plantations. As a part of our work, we become interested by the development of molecular tools to molecularly characterize the local germplasm in order to improve a rational management strategy. Here, we report the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) as reliable methods to examine the genetic diversity in this crop. Starting from fig accessions conserved in three collections, data proved that Tunisian fig germplasm is characterized by a large genetic diversity. The efficiency of the designed methods to provide markers suitable in the local varieties' identification is discussed taking into account practical issues to resolve synonymy and homonymy problems. In addition, opportunities of this study are also discussed in relation with the establishment of a national fig collection and to enhance selective and breeding programs in this important fruit crop.

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Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) in fig cultivars (Ficus carica L.)

Scientia Horticulturae, Mar 1, 2009

Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA ... more

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Morphological analysis of the autochthon olive varieties cultivated in the North West of Tunisia

Journal of New Sciences, Dec 30, 2016

In the present paper we focus on the characterization and the conservation of the local minor oli... more In the present paper we focus on the characterization and the conservation of the local minor olive cultivars in Tunisia. Our work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. The objective is to study the relationship between thirteen autochthon olive varieties cultivated in the regions of "Rouhia", "Makthar" and "Kesra" localized in the government of "Siliana" (North West of Tunisia). The experimental approach was based on the morphological data of the leaf, fruit and the endocarp as described by the International Olive Council (12). Polymorphism was observed among 18 evaluated qualitative traits, whereas significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for 11 analyzed quantitative traits. The principal components analysis showed a degree of variability of about 80% for the first two principal components, a percentage sufficiently high to ensure that the PCA plots were representative of the main features of the data set. Likewise, the hierarchical analysis based on Ward's method permitted the separation of the thirteen studied cultivars on four main groups based essentially on the morphological data of the fruit and the endocarp which proved the importance of these parameters to discriminate between the olive cultivars. The phenotypic diversity observed among the autochthon olive cultivars in government of "Siliana" suggests a high genetic potential of this heritage and confirmed the necessity to protect the specimens studied cultivars.

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Fruit Genetic Resources Facing Increasing Climate Uncertainty

Fingerprinting of On-Farm Conserved Local Tunisian Orange Cultivars (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Using Microsatellite Markers

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica

This study aims to illustrate the diversity among local orange genotypes. Collecting missions tar... more This study aims to illustrate the diversity among local orange genotypes. Collecting missions targeting the traditional culture areas were organized by the National Gene Bank. Twenty-five cultivars have been screened, some of them have not yet been included in established orange collections. A powerful set of seven SSR Primer pairs was used to indentify forty-four alleles and forty-four genotypes. Polymorphic information content varies from 0.55 to 0.78 with an average of 0.66. Some mislabeling cases such as synonymy and homonymy have been clarified and genetic relationships among cultivars based on genetic distances have been revealed showing two major clusters. Finally, on the basis of multilocus genotyping, an identification key was established to unambiguously distinguish 23 well-defined genotypes (resolving a power of 92%).

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Fingerprinting of the main olive cultivars in Tunisia by morphological and AFLP markers

Journal of New Sciences, 2017

A study was conducted to compare morphological and genetical data of the main local olive cultiva... more A study was conducted to compare morphological and genetical data of the main local olive cultivars in Tunisia. This work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. Samples were taken from leaves, fruits and stones for morphological characters. DNA was extracted from leaf tissue and 6 EcoRI–MseI AFLP primer combinations were used. The morphological study permitted a specific description of the characteristics for the tested varieties and their repartition into three groups according to the fruit and endocarp quantitative data. Molecular data analysis demonstrated a high degree of polymorphism with an average of 35%. The analysis of AFLP profiles found in our set of olive cultivars showed a wide genetic diversity among olive germplasm. The UPGMA cluster analyses using Jaccard’s index revealed that the genetic diversity was predominantly structured according to fruit size. The data obtained was used for the varietal s...

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Chloroplast DNA analysis in Tunisian fig cultivars (Ficus carica L.): Sequence variations of the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2008

... Ghada Baraket a , Saddoud Olfa a , Chatti Khaled a , Mars Messaoud b , Marrakchi Mohamed a , ... more

Molecular evolution of chloroplast DNA in fig (Ficus carica L.): Footprints of sweep selection and recent expansion

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2010

Here, we report the nucleotide variation in two non-coding regions of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA)... more Here, we report the nucleotide variation in two non-coding regions of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) to construct a possible evolutionary scenario in Ficus carica L. Our results suggest the occurrence of haplotypic and nucleotide diversity with a large variation level of chloroplast non-coding regions. Furthermore, our results demonstrated an explicit rejection of the null hypothesis that within F. carica the intron trnL and the spacer trnL-trnF evolved under a strictly neutral model of molecular evolution. Although, recent population expansion could serve as one alternative explanation for the detected excess of singleton, our results imply a positive selection and the genetic hitchhiking effect is unlikely. Parameters performed supported scenario of sweep selection and recent expansion of F. carica across Tunisia. Our results indicate that both positive selection and demographic histories have jointly contributed to the observed patterns of nucleotide diversity and haplotypes structure. Based on the results, we characterize the fig resources and provide several suggestions for effective conservation and improvement programs.

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Exploring the quality and nutritional profiles of monovarietal oils from millennial olive trees in Tunisia

European Food Research and Technology, Jul 15, 2023

In Tunisia, the olive tree has been cultivated for more than 3000 years by different civilization... more In Tunisia, the olive tree has been cultivated for more than 3000 years by different civilizations, such as the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, and Arabs. The ancient olive trees, which thrive in harsh environments, are little known and contain a foremost part of the olive germplasm. This study focused on the chemical oil analysis of the Tunisian millennial olive trees dating from the Roman and the Carthaginians periods. Twenty-eight antique olive trees grown in Tunisia's north to south are the subject of this study. Analyzed according to international standards, the tested accessions present oil with high quality, rich in chlorophyll and carotenes, and highly rich in polyphenols. The oil's fatty acid composition is complete with the international norms with a high oleic acid content, low palmitic and linoleic acid concentrations, and a C18:1/C18:2 ratio ≥ 7. Four oils, in particular, contained substantial levels of polyphenols (500-1632 mg/kg) and a C18:1/C18:2 ratio of > 9. Subsequently, it is crucial to prevent the extinction of ancient olive trees to preserve their historical significance and ecological worth, as well as to incorporate the best genotypes into new varieties and boost the competitiveness of Tunisian olive oil on the global market.

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Survey of Molecular Markers in Tunisian Figs: Dna Fingerprintings

Acta Horticulturae, 2008

Ficus carica L. is one of the fruit crops well adapted to the different environmental areas of Tu... more Ficus carica L. is one of the fruit crops well adapted to the different environmental areas of Tunisia. Its utilization consists of many ecotypes locally called cultivars selected for their fruit traits and clonally propagated through cuttings. Recent investigations have permitted to identify a total of one hundred cultivars. Therefore, the local fig germplasm is characterized by wide diversity. However, this phytogenetic resource is seriously threatened by diverse biotic and abiotic stresses as urbanisation, rainfall irregularities, plagues, etc. Hence, the establishment of strategies aiming at the preservation of the local fig germplasm is important. This would be made possible throughout the development of different methods describing the genetic diversity in this crop. This study portrays the achievements of designed molecular methods suitable in the field of the fig's genetic polymorphism. Appropriate application areas of the subsequent results are discussed in relation with the enhancement of the fig culture and its rational conservation.

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Fruit Genetic Resources Facing Increasing Climate Uncertainty

Applied Mathematics and Omics to Assess Crop Genetic Resources for Climate Change Adaptive Traits, 2016

Genetic Characterization of Apulian Olive Germplasm as Potential Source in New Breeding Programs

Plants, 2019

The olive is a fruit tree species with a century-old history of cultivation in theMediterranean b... more The olive is a fruit tree species with a century-old history of cultivation in theMediterranean basin. In Apulia (Southern Italy), the olive is of main social, cultural and economicimportance, and represents a hallmark of the rural landscape. However, olive cultivation in thisregion is threatened by the recent spread of the olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) disease, thusthere is an urgent need to explore biodiversity and search for genetic sources of resistance. Herein,a genetic variation in Apulian olive germplasm was explored, as a first step to identify genotypeswith enhanced bio-agronomic traits, including resistance to OQDS. A preselected set of nuclearmicrosatellite markers allowed the acquisition of genotypic profiles, and to define geneticrelationships between Apulian germplasm and widespread cultivars. The analysis highlighted thebroad genetic variation in Apulian accessions and the presence of different unique genetic profiles.The results of this study lay a foundation f...

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A Hot Spot of Olive Biodiversity in the Tunisian Oasis of Degache

by Olfa Saddoud, MONICA MARILENA MIAZZI, and Valentina Fanelli

Diversity, 2020

Tunisia is one of the world’s largest producers of olive oil, and it preserves pools of olive gen... more Tunisia is one of the world’s largest producers of olive oil, and it preserves pools of olive genetic diversity that are still unexplored. A recent prospection and collection program of the National Gene Bank of Tunisia (NGBT) focused on the vast oasis of Degache, in the south west part of Tunisia, where 47 samples were collected and genetically characterized through simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Identification and authentication of genotypes were obtained through comparison with reference cultivars belonging to the Olive National Collection of Tunisia (IOC) and with cultivars from Algeria, Italia, Syria and Lebanon. Degache olive genotypes showed large genetic variability, a significant diversity from the reference germplasm, and a clear differentiation from modern varieties. The population structure analysis identified four gene pools characterizing genotypes from different area of origin. Two gene pools appear to be more represented in germplasm from southern Tunisia, whe...

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Les Iles de Kerkenah

Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), 2010

The Status of Genetic Resources and Olive Breeding in Tunisia

Plants

The olive tree, an iconic symbol of the Mediterranean basin, is the object of growing internation... more The olive tree, an iconic symbol of the Mediterranean basin, is the object of growing international interest in the production of olive oil for the world food market. In Tunisia, which is the fourth-largest producer of olive oil in the world, the production of olives and olive oil is of great socio-economic importance. Cultivation is widespread from north to south, but it is carried out using traditional techniques that results in extremely irregular production levels. To maintain their competitiveness on the international market, Tunisian producers must improve the quality of the oil through breeding plans that enhance the rich genetic heritage that is still not adequately exploited. The objective of this review is to present the state of olive breeding in Tunisia, illustrating the opportunities available for a better use of the rich Tunisian genetic heritage, the challenges it must face, and the need to multiply the efforts for sustainability, even in the light of the challenges p...

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Efficiency of SSR Markers to Analyze the Molecular Fingerprinting of Some Tunisian Olive Cultivars

Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, 2018

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in Tunisia. The germplasm of... more Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in Tunisia. The germplasm of which has a very large genetic patrimony, represented by an abundant number of native cultivated olives. However, the number is probably underestimated because of the scarce information on minor local varieties widespread in the different olive growing areas, especially in the traditional orchards. The objective of this study is to characterize the molecular fingerprinting of fifteen local olive varieties by the use of ten preselected microsatellite markers. A total number of 42 alleles were amplified by SSR loci with an allelic size ranged from 108 bp to 232 bp. The number of observed alleles passed from 3 for (GAPU71A and DCA18) to 5 for (GAPU103A,UDO12,UDO28 and UDO39) with a mean value of 4.2 alleles per locus and the observed heterosigosity ranged from 0.4 at ( UDO28 and UDO39) to 0.8 at DCA18. The UPGMA and PCoA cluster analysis based on molecular data grouped cultivars into three distinct clusters. The significant variability of the molecular fingerprinting of the studied varieties proved the efficiency of SSR markers for the management of the olive germoplasm and the importance to create the molecular patterns of the Tunisian olive cultivar in the international Green Global data base of the Tunisian National Gene Bank of Tunisia.

Genetic Characterization of Tunisian Lime Genotypes Using Pomological Traits

Journal of Horticultural Research, 2020

Citrus genus includes a wide number of species that have been long cultivated and well adapted in... more Citrus genus includes a wide number of species that have been long cultivated and well adapted in Tunisia. It is represented by small number of plantations and considered as underutilized in Tunisia. Our goal was to genetically characterize Tunisian lime genotypes to obtain data useful for gene conservation and breeding purposes. The survey of genotypes was conducted in the Cap Bon region, where citrus cultivation is the most spread. Sixteen quantitative and 19 qualitative parameters were evaluated. The observed accessions belonged to three different species: Citrus limetta, Citrus latifolia (limes Byrsa), and Citrus limettioides (limes of Palestine) according to Tanaka classification. Principal component analysis confirmed these classifications. Four-cell analysis (FCA) was used to determine the most threatened genotypes. Quantitative traits were evaluated and allowed the discrimination between genotypes. Many quantitative traits of fruit and juice were highly positively and signif...

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Genetic diversity of orange fruit (Citrus sinensis L.) cultivars in Tunisia using AFLP markers

In Tunisia, Citrus sinensis culture is spread especially in Cap Bon region in the North East. It ... more In Tunisia, Citrus sinensis culture is spread especially in Cap Bon region in the North East. It is represented by a large number of varieties. AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers were used in order to study genetic diversity. Thirty accessions representing the majority of orange germplasm were collected from Cap Bon region. AFLP products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis on an automated ABI Prism 3130 DNA sequencer. Using GeneMapper, AFLP bands were scored, across all genotypes, for presence (1) or absence (0) and transformed into 0/1 binary matrix. A total of 330 of polymorphic markers were revealed using 3 AFLP primer combinations. These markers expressed a high level of polymorphism allowing the distinction of all accessions. Resolving power (Rp) showed a high rate of collective Rp (97.75) with an average of 32.58. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.16 to 0.22 with an average of 0.18 per primer pair. Genetic similarities were esti...

Debbabi et al. Page 7

Genetic diversity of orange fruit (Citrus sinensis L.) cultivars in Tunisia using AFLP markers

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