Italian Justice has recently added mechanisms to exploit mediation process. One of the most criti... more Italian Justice has recently added mechanisms to exploit mediation process. One of the most critical aspects is a reliable identification of litigations which can be successfully mediated outside court procedures. The decision is under responsibility of a judge/court who has to read hundreds of pages and several documents, to be able to take a decision on the basis of few statements. This paper describes both an artificial intelligence solution and a tool to provide a decision support system which could process documents and be capable to: (i) produce reliable suggestions, (ii) produce circumstantiated motivations, thus highlighting statements which could support identified suggestion focusing the work of any judge/court on actual statements and documents with relevant facts, and (iii) provide a web based tool producing suggestions and motivations on demand at service of the involved court and judges, compliant with privacy and security, as to data. To this end, AI and eXplainable AI technologies have been used and a solution has been obtained which meets the above-mentioned objectives and many other detailed requirements. Such a solution has been developed in the context of the research project "Giustizia Agile", funded by the Italian National PON Governance and Institutional Capacity, and validated against real cases. The solution has exploited the Snap4City framework for data and AI/XAI management.
Recently, Digital Twins solutions have attracted a growing interest as a fundamental paradigm for... more Recently, Digital Twins solutions have attracted a growing interest as a fundamental paradigm for managing data driven processes on smart cities. They are complex modelling that should include 3D interactive representations of buildings and infrastructures, integrated with a wide range of data for Smart City cyber-physical ecosystem monitoring and controlling. This paper presents a framework for modelling, generating and distributing Digital Twin representations with 3D models from a various set of data, as well as its integration into the open-source Smart City framework, where many kinds of real time and historical data are available. The proposed solution offers a method for creating integrated data rendering of 3D city entities coupled with Smart City data (e.g., IoT Devices with time-series and historical data, heatmaps, geometries and shapes related to traffic flows, bus routes/ stops, cycling paths). The solution for generating 3D representation is based on a number of computer vision and machine learning solutions, thus shortening the activities of passing from raw data (i.e., Lidar, shapes, patterns, etc.) to 3D representations. Implementation has been enforced into the quite widespread open-source Snap4City Smart City platform and has been validated by using hundreds of buildings in Florence city central area, Italy, plus hundreds of thousands of data as points of interest, IoT Devices, traffic flows, dynamic heatmaps, etc. R2 No Yes Yes (C) Yes (C) Yes (but with a fixed Orthomap) R3.i No No No Yes (does not include Wms) No R3.ii No No No No No R3.iii No No No No No R4.i No Yes (C) Yes (C) No (x) Yes R4.ii No No No No No R5.i No No No No Yes R5.ii No No No No No R5.iii No No No No No R6 Yes Yes (with 3D tiles) No No Yes R7 Yes (LoD2) Yes (with 3D tiles) No No Yes (3d tiles and single entity) R8 No No No No Yes RA No(*) Yes Yes Yes Yes RB No(*) No No No No RC No(*) No No No Yes RD.i not clear (may be) Yes (when models are loaded as object, not 3D) Yes Yes No RD.ii No No No No No RE No(*) No No No Yes RF No(*) Yes (**) Yes (**) No No * P. Nesi
Digital Twins are becoming fundamental tools to monitor the status of entities, predict their fut... more Digital Twins are becoming fundamental tools to monitor the status of entities, predict their future evolutions, and simulate alternative scenarios to understand the impact of possible changes. More recently, Digital Twin solutions have been applied in the context of Smart Cities. Thanks to the large deployment of sensors, together with the increasing amount of information available for municipalities and government organizations, it is possible to build wide virtual reproductions of urban environments including structural data and real-time information that can undoubtfully help city councils and decision makers to face future challenges in the urban development and improve the citizen quality of life. In this paper, the Snap4City Smart City Digital Twin framework is presented, which is capable to respond to requirements identified in recent literature and by international forums. The proposed architecture provides an integrated solution for data gathering, indexing, computing, and...
Protection and composition of crossmedia content in collaborative environments
Multimedia Tools and Applications, Jan 30, 2017
A large range of new applications are appearing nowadays on the Web in which content and data pro... more A large range of new applications are appearing nowadays on the Web in which content and data produced by single users or groups are going to be adapted, composed and aggregated and then redistributed in other forms to other users and/or groups. In this context, the management of intellectual property rights (IPR) of the users collaborating in authoring and composition activities have to be preserved. In this paper we adopt an MPEG-21 representation of digital contents and propose a system that supports the users in their composition that takes into account the permissions of access/composition/modification that each single user or group can exercise on them. In our environment, users can retrieve digital content and data, check the authoring privileges that can be executed on the component resources to generate composite and aggregated contents, and verify the situations in which the composition can hide some privileges that exist in the original contents. When the user holds the privileges for the composition, a license can be automatically generated for the composite content that preserves the rights the user/group holds on the components. This environment supports collaboration among users belonging to different organizations that would like to work together in the realization of non trivial content/data aggregation processes.
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, Oct 26, 2017
This work aims at investigating and quantifying the Urban Transport System (UTS) resilience enhan... more This work aims at investigating and quantifying the Urban Transport System (UTS) resilience enhancement enabled by the adoption of emerging technology such as Internet of Everything (IoE) and the new trend of the Connected Community (CC). A conceptual extension of Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) and its formalization have been proposed and used to model UTS complexity. The scope is to identify the system functions and their interdependencies with a particular focus on those that have a relation and impact on people and communities. Network analysis techniques have been applied to the FRAM model to identify and estimate the most critical community-related functions. The notion of Variability Rate (VR) has been defined as the amount of output variability generated by an upstream function that can be tolerated/absorbed by a downstream function, without significantly increasing of its subsequent output variability. A fuzzy based quantification of the VR on expert judgment has been developed when quantitative data are not available. Our approach has been applied to a critical scenario (water bomb/flash flooding) considering two cases: when UTS has CC and IoE implemented or not. The results show a remarkable VR enhancement if CC and IoE are deployed.
The new Internet of Things/Everything (IoT/IoE) paradigm and architecture allows one to rethink t... more The new Internet of Things/Everything (IoT/IoE) paradigm and architecture allows one to rethink the way Smart City infrastructures are designed and managed, but on the other hand, a number of problems have to be solved. In terms of mobility the cities that embrace the sensoring era can take advantage of this disruptive technology to improve the quality of life of their citizens, also thanks to the rationalization in the use of their resources. In Sii-Mobility, a national smart city project on mobility and transportation, a flexible platform has been designed and here, in this paper, is presented. It permits one to set up heterogeneous and complex scenarios that integrate sensors/actuators as IoT/IoE in an overall Big Data, Machine Learning and Data Analytics scenario. A detailed and complex case-study has been presented to validate the solution in the context of a system that dynamically reverse the traveling direction of a road segment, with all the safety conditions in place. This case study composes several building blocks of the IoT platform, which demonstrate that a flexible and dynamic set-up is possible, supporting security, safety, local, cloud and mixed solutions.
Rights enforcement and licensing understanding for RDF stores aggregating open and private data sets
Several applications are going to aggregate data on triple stores coming from different data sets... more Several applications are going to aggregate data on triple stores coming from different data sets and presenting different licenses. Semantic queries should provide only allowed triples, while most of the RDF stores have strong limitations in providing support for access control, licensing, rights enforcement and supporting the developers in providing tutoring information about what is possible and what is not. In this paper, a specific solution is proposed for supporting developers in understanding the licensing level of the requested triples, and the RDF stores in enforcing rights. The proposed solutions can be integrated into a range of different RDF stores for removing their limitations and assisting developers. The proposed solution has been developed and tested in the case of large smart city solution called Km4City and adopted in a number of projects: Sii-Mobility SCN, RESOLUTE H2020 and REPLICATE H2020.
Today's secure railway transportation management systems are employing more "intelligent", highly... more Today's secure railway transportation management systems are employing more "intelligent", highly computerized technology but are still strictly dependent on the site-specific configuration of track layout, which follows different rules for different nations. An expert system model, which independently formalizes a railway network, focusing on railway terminals (stations) and including topological and functional aspects of track elements, enables verification and validation. An interlocking system is an arrangement of signaling devices at track crossings or junctions that prevents conflicting movements of trains, and is designed to prevent the display of a signal for trains to proceed unless the route to be used is proven to be clear and safe. The control table rules the interlocking decisions process. Basically, it is a matrix composed of a row for each route and a column for each relevant track side device for that route .
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechni... more ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Modeling Music Notation in the Internet Multimedia Age
IGI Global eBooks, May 24, 2011
Music notation modeling is entering the new multimedia Internet age. In this era new interactive ... more Music notation modeling is entering the new multimedia Internet age. In this era new interactive applications are appearing on the market, such as software tools for music tuition and distance learning, for showing historical perspective of music pieces, for musical content fruition in libraries, etc. For these innovative applications several aspects have to be integrated with the model of music notation and several new functionalities have to be implemented, such as automatic formatting, music notation navigation, synchronization of music notation with real audio, etc. In this chapter, the WEDELMUSIC XML format for multimedia music applications of music notation is presented. It includes a music notation format in XML and a format for modeling multimedia element, their relationships and synchronization with a support for digital right management (DRM). In addition, a comparison of this new model with the most important and emerging models is reported. The taxonomy used can be useful for assessing and comparing suitability of music notation models and format for their adoption in new emerging applications and for their usage in classical music editors.
Formal techniques for the specification of real-time systems must be capable of describing system... more Formal techniques for the specification of real-time systems must be capable of describing system behavior as a set of relationships expressing the temporal constraints among events and actions, including properties of invariance, precedence, periodicity, liveness, and safety conditions. This paper describes a Temporal-Interval Logic with Compositional Operators (TILCO) designed expressly for the specification of real-time systems. TILCO is a generalization of classical temporal logics based on the operators eventually and henceforth; it allows both qualitative and quantitative specification of time relationships. TILCO is based on time intervals and can concisely express temporal constraints with time bounds, such as those needed to specify real-time systems. This approach can be used to verify the completeness and consistency of specifications, as well as to validate system behavior against its requirements and general properties. TILCO has been formalized by using the theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. TILCO specifications satisfying certain properties are executable by using a modified version of the Tableaux algorithm. This paper defines TILCO and its axiomatization, highlights the tools available for proving properties of specifications and for their execution, and provides an example of system specification and validation. Index Terms—Formal specification language, first order logic, temporal interval logic, verification and validation, real-time systems.
Looking for available parking slots has become a serious issue in urban mobility, since it influe... more Looking for available parking slots has become a serious issue in urban mobility, since it influences traffic and emissions. This paper presents a set of metrics and techniques to predict the number of available parking slots in off-street parking facilities. This study deals with deep learning model solutions according with a mid-term prediction of 24 hours, every 15 minutes. Such a mid-term prediction can be useful for citizens who need to plan a car transfer well in advance and to reduce as much as possible any computational effort. Since most solutions in literature are focused on 1-hour ahead prediction, the proposed solution has been also tested in these conditions. The proposed solution is based on Convolutional Bidirectional LSTM models. Results have been compared in terms of precision metrics based both on occupancy and free slots. The paper also provides a framework to pass from an assessment model based on occupancy to models based on free slots and vice-versa. The obtained results have improved those already available in literature. A formal study has been conducted to perform feature relevance analysis by using explainable AI technique based on gradient and integrated gradient and proposing new heatmaps which highlighted the difference from LSTM and Bidirectional LSTM, feature relevance (base line, weather, traffic, etc.) and the impact of seasonality on predictions, namely the temporal relevance of features. The comparison has been performed on the basis of data collected in garages in the area of Florence, Tuscany, Italy by using Snap4city platform and infrastructure.
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Papers by Paolo Nesi