Papers by Muhammad yaqoob Afridi
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2020
A new method is described to provide a primary calibration of shock measurements produced by a sh... more A new method is described to provide a primary calibration of shock measurements produced by a shock measurement system consisting of pendulum excitation and laser Doppler velocimetry. The method uses the laser Doppler velocimeter to determine the total distance traveled by a rigid block that slides along a Teflon (fluorocarbon) channel after being struck by a pendulum head, and the resulting distance is compared to the distance measured by an SI-traceable length measurement. The instantaneous velocity of the block is measured by the velocimeter and is used to calculate the displacement of the block by integrating the velocity data. The result is compared to the displacement measured using calibrated rulers and calipers. The method was applied to an independently calibrated commercial velocimeter for impact accelerations ranging from 2000 to 30,000 m/s2. The results of the independent mechanical-displacement measurements agreed with those from the commercial velocimeter to within ±0...
The epistemology: a comprehensive approach from Islamic perspective
Islam desires human being to study and acquire knowledge in every possible occasion. The stanzas ... more Islam desires human being to study and acquire knowledge in every possible occasion. The stanzas of the Qur'an grasp, assist, counsel, and inspire people to perceive the miracles of nature, the progression of daylight and nighttime, the engagements of stars, the sun, moon, and other heavenly bodies. One of the distinctive feature of Islam is its emphasis on knowledge. The Qur'an and the Islamic tradition invite Muslims to seek and acquire knowledge and wisdom and to hold men of knowledge in high esteem. However, this study will try to illustrate the necessity and effectiveness of knowledge to be a good believer. Furthermore, it will be also discussing on the philosophical view point on knowledge from the religious thinker as well to promote Islamic education system in compare to the others
Comparing needle aspiration with intercostal tube in the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax with complete lung collapse: A retrospective 5 year study
European Respiratory Journal, Sep 1, 2014
Introduction: International guidelines vary considerably on optimal management of Primary Spontan... more Introduction: International guidelines vary considerably on optimal management of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (PSP) based on size criteria. There is no differentiation between large PSP with complete lung collapse and large pneumothorax in current treatment algorithms. We aimed to compare needle aspiration(NA) with intercostal tube(ICT) as first intervention in PSP with complete lung collapse. Methods: Retrospective observational study of 735 consecutive pneumothorax episodes between March 2008 and December 2013. Secondary spontaneous, traumatic and iatrogenic pneumothorax were excluded. PSP with no visible aerated ipsilateral lung on plain chest radiograph was defined as 9complete lung collapse9. Results: Of the 735 episodes, 233(32%) were PSP. 61 had complete lung collapse; 32 patients had NA and 29 ICT as first intervention. Median length of stay (LOS) was similar in both groups. Compared with NA group, patients in ICT group had significantly better immediate success rate (66% versus 10%; p Conclusion: Our results show significantly better success rates with ICT as first intervention in the management of PSP with complete lung collapse. We propose a further sub group of PSP with complete lung collapse in which NA is not attempted.
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2009
It is only recently that the ITRS (International Technical Roadmap for Semiconductors) has identi... more It is only recently that the ITRS (International Technical Roadmap for Semiconductors) has identified functional diversification through heterogeneous integration as a key enabler of future industry growth. This paper describes a powerful temperature-programmed gas-sensing technique that has the potential to convert low-cost, integrated, microhotplate-based non-selective, metal-oxide gas sensors into stable, sensitive, and highly selective gassensor systems. The paper also points out the importance of heterogeneous integration and temperature sensor stability to support this measurement technique.
Does tube size and positioning matter in the management of spontaneous pneumothorax?
European Respiratory Journal, Sep 1, 2014
Introduction: No large RCTs compare different treatment strategies in management of primary(PSP) ... more Introduction: No large RCTs compare different treatment strategies in management of primary(PSP) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax(SSP). We aimed to review efficacy of small bore(12-18 Fr.) intercostal tube(ICT) via Seldinger technique versus large bore 9surgical9 ICT via blunt dissection. We also compared outcome measures between apical and basal ICT. Methods: Retrospective observational study of 212 consecutive pneumothorax episodes between January and December 2012. Iatrogenic and traumatic pneumothorax were excluded. Patient case notes and plain chest radiographs were reviewed. P value of Results: Of the 212 episodes, 51(33%) had PSP and 30(19%) SSP. 46 patients had small bore ICT and 13 large bore ICT. 16 patients had apical ICT and 23 basal. There was no statistical difference in terms of demographic data and type and size of pneumothorax in either group. Large bore ICT group had significantly higher length of stay(LOS) compared to small bore ICT (16 days versus 8.5 days; p=0.04). However, non-significant lower success rate, longer duration of ICT and comparable rate of complications and recurrence was observed in large bore ICT (p>0.05). Regarding ICT placement site, no significant difference was observed in outcomes between apical and basal ICT (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our data has shown that small bore ICT perform better and basal ICT were as effective as apical in management of SP. RCT evidence in this field is limited and total sample size is too small to make any firm conclusions.
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2011
The latest statistics of WHO show that approximately 500, 000 women die worldwide every year-the ... more The latest statistics of WHO show that approximately 500, 000 women die worldwide every year-the majority of them residing in developing countries-due to pregnancy related complications. The situation is so grave that UN has set a target of reducing Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) by 75% till the year 2015 in its millennium development goals (MDGs). Therefore, the current focus of health care researchers is to advocate the use of e-health technology in developing countries that have the capability: (1) to remotely monitor patients in their homes by semiskilled health professionals, and (2) to use data mining techniques to raise alarms about high risk patients. In this paper, we develop an intelligent health tool-Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OG) OG-Miner-that presents a novel combination of data mining techniques for accurate and effective classification of high risk pregnant women. The scheme classifies four major risk factors of mortality-hypertension, hemorrhage, septicemia and obstructed labor-in a reliable, autonomous and accurate fashion. We have collected a real world data of more than 1200 patients from tertiary care hospitals and rural areas. Our tool achieves more than 98% accuracy on the collected OG dataset. Moreover, our evaluations of OG-Miner on eight other medical datasets show that its learning paradigm can be generalized to other domains as well. Last but not least we are using OG-Miner as an integral component of a health value chain in our m-health project to autonomously filter a significant number of low risk patients in rural areas; as a result, only high risk patients are referred to specialized gynecologist in tertiary care hospitals. As a consequence, the reduced workload enables them to provide quality care to the patients.
A monolithic implementation of interface circuitry for CMOS compatible gas-sensor system
2002 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37353)
... [10] S. Semancik, RE Cavicchi, M. Đ¡. Wheeler, JE Tiffany, G. E. Poirier, RM Walton, JS Suehle... more ... [10] S. Semancik, RE Cavicchi, M. Đ¡. Wheeler, JE Tiffany, G. E. Poirier, RM Walton, JS Suehle, B. Panchapakesan, DL DeVoc, "Microhotplate Platforms for Chemical Sensor Research," Sensor and Actuators, vol. Đ’ 77, pp. 579-591, 2001. ...
2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems
A new on-chip Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection scheme is demonstrated for MicroElectroMec... more A new on-chip Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection scheme is demonstrated for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS)based Embedded Sensor (ES) System-on-a-Chip (SoC). The ESD protection scheme includes ground-referenced protection cells implemented with novel multifinger thyristor-type devices for 1) the Input/Output (I/O) protection, 2) the power supply clamp, and 3) the protection at the internal sensors' electrodes. The I-V characteristics of the thyristor-type protection cells are adjusted for providing an optimum ESD protection per unit area. Transmission Line Pulsing (TLP) measurements and ESD testing show superb high conductance on-state I-V characteristics with no latch-up problem when thyristor-type devices are subjected to an ESD event, while very low leakage current is obtained at the SoC operating voltage.
Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems, 2006
Designers of SoCs with non-digital components, such as analog or MEMS devices, can currently use ... more Designers of SoCs with non-digital components, such as analog or MEMS devices, can currently use high-level system design languages, such as SystemC, to model only the digital parts of a system. This is a significant limitation, making it difficult to perform key system design tasks-design space exploration, hardware-software co-design and system verification-at an early stage. This paper describes lumped analytical models of a class of complex non-digital devices-MEMS microhotplatesand presents techniques to integrate them into a SystemC simulation of a heterogeneous System-on-a-Chip (SoC). This approach makes the MEMS component behavior visible to a full-system simulation at higher levels, enabling realistic system design and testing. The contributions made in this work include the first SystemC models of a MEMS-based SoC, the first modeling of MEMS thermal behavior in SystemC, and a detailed case study of the application of these techniques to a real system. In addition, this work provides insights into how MEMS device-level design decisions can significantly impact systemlevel behavior; it also describes how full-system modeling can help detect such phenomena and help to address detected problems early in the design flow.
IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, 2014
Researchers in the areas of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have great interests in ... more Researchers in the areas of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have great interests in understanding the relationship of different sets of culturing conditions and applied mechanical stimuli to the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, it is challenging to design a tool to perform automatic cell image analysis due to the diverse morphologies of MSCs. Therefore, as a primary step towards developing the tool, we propose a novel approach for accurate cell image segmentation. We collected three MSC datasets cultured on different surfaces and exposed to diverse mechanical stimuli. By analyzing existing approaches on our data, we choose to substantially extend binarization-based extraction of alignment score (BEAS) approach by extracting novel discriminating features and developing an adaptive threshold estimation model. Experimental results on our data shows our approach is superior to seven conventional techniques. We also define three quantitative measures to analyze the characteristics of images in our datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that applied automatic segmentation to live MSC cultured on different surfaces with applied stimuli.
Eighteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium. Proceedings 2002 (Cat.No.02CH37311)
A high-speed thermal imaging system is used to investigate the dynamic thermal behavior of MEMS (... more A high-speed thermal imaging system is used to investigate the dynamic thermal behavior of MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) based microhotplate devices. These devices are suspended microstructures fabricated in CMOS technology and are used in various sensor applications. Measurements reveal delayed surface heating of the microhotplate and temperature redistribution during both the heating and cooling phases. Reflected infrared (IR) radiation from the hidden backside of the heater is used with a normalization technique to determine peak heater temperature. The measurements are shown to be useful in optimizing the design of microhotplate structures. It is found that the use of a heat-spreading layer improves the local temperature uniformity between the heater strips. It is also found that the use of the thinner layers of the 1.5 pm CMOS technology improve the global temperature uniformity over the top surface of the microhotplate.
Road trajectory mining and autonomous steering control for vision-based unmanned vehicles
2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, 2010
... Umer Rasheed, Mariam Ahmed, Muhammad Jamal Afridi and Faraz Kunwar Department of Mechatronics... more ... Umer Rasheed, Mariam Ahmed, Muhammad Jamal Afridi and Faraz Kunwar Department of Mechatronics Engineering National University of Sciences ... Information gain and CFSsubset merit of the attributes were computed by using standard Weka [17] implementation, to attain ...
2009 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures, 2009
We designed and fabricated a test chip to evaluate the performance of new approaches to the measu... more We designed and fabricated a test chip to evaluate the performance of new approaches to the measurement of small capacitances (femto-Farads to atto-Farads range). The test chip consists of an array of metaloxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors, metalinsulator-metal (MIM) capacitors, and a series of systematically varying capacitance structures directly accessible by an atomic force microscope probe. Nominal capacitances of the test devices range from 0.3 fF (10-15 F) to 1.2 pF (10-12 F). Measurement of the complete array of capacitances by using an automatic probe station produces a "fingerprint" of capacitance values from which, after correction for pad and other stray capacitances, the relative accuracy and sensitivity of a capacitance measurement instrument can be evaluated.
2010 IEEE Sensors, 2010
This paper describe the importance of temperature sensor built-in self test (BIST) for microhotpl... more This paper describe the importance of temperature sensor built-in self test (BIST) for microhotplate-based sensors. It shows possible ways to implement BIST functionality for microhotplate temperature sensors, including resistance temperature detectors (RTD), microhotplate thermal efficiency, and Thermocouples. A calibration technique is discussed and conclusions are given.
Journal of Agronomy, 2002
Solid-State Electronics, 2004
The design and implementation of a monolithic micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS)-based gas s... more The design and implementation of a monolithic micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS)-based gas sensor virtual component is described. The gas sensor virtual component encloses the sensor and its associated analog circuitry into a digital shell so that all interface connections to the virtual component are digital. The system architecture supports an array of gas sensor elements. System response time is limited by the sensor and is complex. Example gas sensor characterization results are presented showing isothermal response to carbon monoxide molecules with detection sensitivity better than 100 nanomoles/mole.
Islam has its own golden history almost in every sectors of knowledge. The main theological doctr... more Islam has its own golden history almost in every sectors of knowledge. The main theological doctrine of Islam, Al Quran also gives the utmost emphasize on pursuing knowledge. Muslim scholars from the past were very much aware of this instruction given by Allah swt and ...
On-chip electrostatic discharge protection for CMOS gas sensor systems-on-a-chip (SoC)
Microelectronics Reliability, 2006
An on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection scheme is demonstrated for an emerging techno... more An on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection scheme is demonstrated for an emerging technology of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based embedded sensor (ES) system-on-a-chip (SoC). The ESD protection scheme is implemented using ground-...
An investigation on the influence of filler loading and compatibilizer on the properties of polypropylene/marble sludge composites
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2013
ABSTRACT In this article, polypropylene reinforced marble sludge (PP/MS) was prepared, and the ef... more ABSTRACT In this article, polypropylene reinforced marble sludge (PP/MS) was prepared, and the effects of MS loading and polypropylene-g-maliec anhydride (PP-g-MAH) as compatibilizer on density, melt flow index (MFI), and mechanical properties of PP/MS composite were investigated. Our studies show that tensile strength, flexural strength and tensile modulus increased with increasing the MS loading but tensile strength increased till 30 pph of MS further addition of MS in PP composites decreased the strength. The % elongation at break and Izod Impact Strength decreased with increasing of MS loading. Studies revealed that PP/MS composites containing PP-g-MAH enhance the properties compared to without compatibilizer.
Treatment and prognosis of stage II endometrial carcinoma
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 1980
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Papers by Muhammad yaqoob Afridi