Papers by Metafizika Journal
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
Algeria has worked to combat corruption by establishing legal mechanisms through its ratification... more Algeria has worked to combat corruption by establishing legal mechanisms through its ratification of international conventions and treaties related to corruption, within the framework of protecting public funds. As part of these efforts, several bodies and institutions have been created and entrusted with the task of combating corruption, namely: the High Authority for Transparency and Corruption Prevention, the Central Office for the Repression of Corruption, and the Financial Intelligence Processing Unit. Additionally, specialized judicial divisions for corruption cases have been established, along with the Economic and Financial Judicial Division to address the most complex corruption-related crimes. The measures and mechanisms introduced by the legislator to preserve public funds have contributed to the fight against corruption and its reduction. However, the effectiveness of these bodies remains dependent on the achievement of a set of standards and characteristics within their legal framework, which must translate into tangible results. This starts with strengthening the independence of these bodies and institutions to carry out their assigned duties and achieve their primary objective: the protection of public funds.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
This article aims to clarify the elements and conditions of the endowment (waqf) in Algerian legi... more This article aims to clarify the elements and conditions of the endowment (waqf) in Algerian legislation. To this end, it seeks to answer the following research question: What are the elements and conditions of the endowment as set out in the Algerian Endowment Law? The methods employed include descriptive, analytical, and inductive approaches.The research concludes that the elements of the endowment include the endower (waqif), the subject of the endowment, the formula, the designated beneficiaries, and the formal requirement. The conditions relate specifically to each of these elements.The endowment (waqf) is considered one of the most significant types of donation, with direct and ongoing social and economic effects, in addition to its religious and spiritual dimensions. It is a deeply rooted social phenomenon in Algerian society, introduced through Islam. An endowment is defined as the dedication of a specific asset, removing it from commercial transactions and management and allocating its benefits for charitable, religious or social purposes, either permanently or temporarily. This is documented to verify and protect the endowment from encroachment or misdirection. The aim is to promote the social and economic development of the beneficiaries (the designated recipients of the waqf) and to earn rewards for the endower. The Algerian legislator has organised the waqf in various
texts, the most important of which is Law 91-10 relating to endowments, as amended and supplemented.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
After the natural sciences achieved remarkable accomplishments following their liberation from th... more After the natural sciences achieved remarkable accomplishments following their liberation from the authority of the Church and the adoption of the scientific method, other sciences hastened to emulate them in the hope of attaining similar results, including the human sciences. As a result, numerous studies in the human sciences emerged; however, they remained unable to keep pace with the advancements realised by science, leading to a crisis within the human sciences. Amidst this conflict, hermeneutics appeared as a methodology of understanding capable of studying the human sciences objectively, since the human phenomenon requires interpretation, in contrast to the natural sciences, which demand explanation. The discussion regarding the problem of methodology in the human sciences resurfaced after proponents of the scientific method succeeded in overturning the dominance of the Church and liberating thought from the control of the clergy. The earliest signs of the
methodological crisis in the human sciences appeared with the emergence of the conflict between qualitative methodologies and positivist methodologies in the quest for truth. The human phenomenon did not attract the attention of researchers until the nineteenth century, as all interests had previously focused on nature. Consequently, the human sciences found themselves facing a dilemma: either to adopt the scientific method in the hope of achieving results similar to those of the natural sciences or to develop a methodology suited to their nature. This conflict persisted until the human sciences had the opportunity to forge their path and free themselves from dependence on the natural sciences, after which it became evident that the methodologies used in the sciences were limited in their applicability to human phenomena owing to the distinct nature of each.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
This study explores the impact of the Andalusian religious scholarly journey to East on al-Andalu... more This study explores the impact of the Andalusian religious scholarly journey to East on al-Andalus. The region witnessed the travels of numerous Andalusian scholars to the lands of the Islamic East, where they forged cultural ties with their Eastern counterparts- scholars and sheikhs alike. These connections encompassed both religious and scientific domains, facilitating the exchange of knowledge, sciences, and scholarly methodologies. The journey offered an opportunity to become acquainted with Eastern sciences and religious teaching methods, yielding positive effects on the development of religious life in al-Andalus*. Relations between al-Andalus and the lands of the Islamic East were consolidated through the journeys of scholars and students and their encounters in Eastern cities. These interactions enabled the establishment of diverse connections and resulted in a wide-ranging cultural exchange encompassing both religious and scientific fields. Through meetings with sheikhs and scholars, various sciences were acquired, alongside cultural influences that significantly enriched Andalusian intellectual heritage. These journeys provided considerable impetus to scientific and intellectual activity and sparked a cultural awakening, being among the most effective means of intellectual communication. What, then, was the impact of the Andalusian scholarly religious journey to the East on al-Andalus, and what were its most prominent cultural manifestations?
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
This study aims to analyze the anthropometric characteristics of a sample of al-Foggaraworkers in... more This study aims to analyze the anthropometric characteristics of a sample of al-Foggaraworkers in the Adrar region, considering it a traditional and physically demanding occupation practiced in harsh Saharan environments. A descriptive-analytical methodology was adopted, using field-based anthropometric measurements including height, weight, arm circumference, chest girth, and fat percentage, in addition to statistical tools such as mean, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results revealed a mesomorphic-lean physical profile among the participants, strongly related to years of experience. The desert environment was also shown to influence specific physiological adaptations. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing this group within high-effort labor categories. The study recommends integrating anthropometric assessments into occupational health strategies and expanding anthropometric research to include traditional local occupations. In the core of the Algerian desert, particularly in the wilaya of Adrar Province, Algeria, the interaction between humans and the land is manifested in a distinctive work pattern associated with an underground water resource referred to locally as "al-Foggara." This practice, undertaken by local community members, is contingent upon specific environmental and professional conditions, necessitating repeated physical exertion and resilience to severe climatic and spatial circumstances.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
Our study aims to analyze the couple's social experience of dealing with male and female cancer. ... more Our study aims to analyze the couple's social experience of dealing with male and female cancer. The aim is to show how gender relations are played out when one of the spouses has cancer. From a gender perspective, this research is carried out with couples treated at the Oran-Algeria oncology department (CEA d'El Hassi). In addition to participant observations during consultations, the materials for this study are based on twelve semi-structured interviews conducted individually with both spouses, including two interviews with an engaged couple. The interviews took place before and after the chemotherapy and radiotherapy sessions, as well as after remission. The singular points of view of the interviewees show that the spouses' experience is permeated by social relationships. These play a major role on both the patient's and the partner's side, and depend essentially on the quality of the couple's previous relationships and the severity of the cancer. If the husband is ill, the wife becomes the main source of support for her husband in managing his illness. She has a moral and social obligation to her sick husband. The man becomes the focus of all her concerns and attentions. When the wife is ill, social relations are ambivalent. Sometimes, the wife is confronted with fears of divorce or abandonment, as the man refuses to accept the idea of having a sick wife with cancer. Our study focuses on the social experience of couples in dealing with male and female cancer, in this case breast cancer and prostate cancer, in the Algerian context. Cancers are a public health problem. They represent a real phenomenon that is constantly evolving in the world and in our country. Based on the 2016 cancer registers in Algeria, Zitouni and CherfBouzida (2018), show an evolution from 46000 new cases in 2016 to 55584 in 2020, 61133 in 2022 and finally they estimate a number of 70556 in 2025. The onset of cancer alters the balance of a patient's family and marital organization. It is likely to generate many uncertainties, anxieties and difficulties, which the patient will seek to manage by mobilizing various resources available in his or her environment [Carricaburu, Ménoret, 2004, p.117]. Negative representations are prevalent around cancer pathology, « which plays a part in the way spouses will react to the disease and influence their experience of it » [Derbez & Rollin, 2016]. Chronic illness forces sufferers to develop management skills, such as the support often provided by women, as a determining factor in the experience of illness.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
Tattooing is one of the ancient traditions passed down through generations, present in all human ... more Tattooing is one of the ancient traditions passed down through generations, present in all human societies across time. It has always been an integral part of daily life, serving various purposes such as treatment, adornment, and decoration. Tattoos come in many forms, including geometric shapes, flowers, trees, zodiac signs, planets, and crescents. These decorative patterns carry specific meanings and reflect the culture and beliefs of the society that creates them. It is challenging to arrive at a precise definition of each symbol or its symbolism that would be universally accepted by anthropologists. Many scholars, however, have explored the relationship between symbols and the ideas they represent. The terms "symbol" and "symbolism" are used in different ways, as many things serve as symbols- or more accurately, symbolic elements. These are established representations of abstract ideas or meanings. People use spoken or written language to express their thoughts and convey meaning to others. Their language is often rich with symbols, which can be as simple as a word, a name, an image, or a colorful form in daily life. However, these symbols always carry additional meanings beyond their explicit, accepted definitions.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
Experimentation is closely linked to the emergence of theater, which traces its origins back to f... more Experimentation is closely linked to the emergence of theater, which traces its origins back to folk celebrations and religious rituals. It had no fixed origins or rules, and the best evidence of that is the experimentation carried out by Arion, who transformed the songs of dithyrambic celebrations into theatrical texts and presented them to the audience at the beginning of the sixth century BC. In terms of performance, experimentation began with the carts of Thespis, on which these texts were presented. If we consider the techniques innovated by Aeschylus and Sophocles, such as the addition of the first and second actors, the use of masks, high-heeled shoes, and the trumpet, all of these techniques contribute to the experimentation that did not capture the attention of observers or the audience for a long time. The first step in the field of theatrical experimentation in the modern era was achieved with the emergence of the realistic trend, illustrated by the approaches of the Meiningen Company, which established a new system for theater groups. Subsequently, Stanislavski sought to formulate his method in building dramatic characters, relying on a series of experiments, the most significant of which was the experience of "emotional memory." He then invited a group of Russian theater practitioners, including his student Meyerhold, to abandon the method and adopt biomechanics, drawing on Taylor's theory of organizing muscular effort and rhythm to achieve greater results. Gordon Craig's demands for the actor to resemble a super-marionette and Max Reinhardt's rejection of transforming theater into a moral institution were the main reasons for changing the space between the actor and the audience according to the nature of the work, thereby altering the style of its treatment. Craig believed that theater was a community for emotional participation, in contrast to Jacques Copeau's approach, which aimed to prevent the audience's attention from being diverted from the actor; thus, he minimized the set design and used a fixed architecture with changing details.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
The term "poetic image" is among the important concepts in defining the poetic structure within t... more The term "poetic image" is among the important concepts in defining the poetic structure within the Arabic poem, as it reveals the true essence of the poet's experience. It is a term that goes beyond the embodiment of emotions to depict and realise the poetic experience through this art form. The Algerian poet Omar bin Qaddour is considered one of the most prominent Algerian poets who witnessed the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate in Algeria and the beginning of the European invasion of North Africa. He was a poet of two eras, a distinguished journalist, and a prominent activist with diverse cultural backgrounds acquired through his travels between al-Zaytuna in Tunisia, Egypt, and Istanbul in Turkey. This played a crucial role in shaping his cultural formation and strengthening his cultural connections with Arab and Islamic nations. In this poem, he managed to present a precise poetic image of all that journalism endured in his era, utilising metaphor, allegory, metonymy, and simile to embody and represent reality. In this article, we provide a theoretical and applied study that clarifies the elements forming the poetic image in his poem, relying on the descriptive-analytical method appropriate for the study.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
Simultaneous interpretation is a form of oral translation and is considered
one of the most chal... more Simultaneous interpretation is a form of oral translation and is considered
one of the most challenging professions. It is frequently ranked as the third most difficult job after those of astronomers and high-speed aircraft pilots. This field is highly demanding, requiring not only talented and highly qualified interpreters but also specialised equipment. Despite these challenges, translators and specialists continue to advocate for its use in international forums and official meetings. Simultaneous interpretation was prominent during the Nuremberg Trials and is now utilised in major
organisations such as the United Nations and the European Union, as well as in the Holy Mosques, the Grand Mosque in Makkah and the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah. This article provides an overview of the historical background of simultaneous interpretation, discusses its inherent difficulties, and explains why it is the preferred method in international settings. Simultaneous interpretation has long attracted significant interest from specialists and is often admired by the general public. Many aspire to become interpreters, envisioning it as a prestigious career, and understandably so. Simultaneous interpretation is typically associated with interpreters who attend international conferences and political meetings, frequently travelling from one capital city to another. However, those drawn to this field may not realise that it involves tremendous responsibility, as even minor errors can have serious consequences. Moreover, it is a highly demanding profession with numerous conditions and requirements.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
The family is a fundamental social unit upon which the structure
of society, in general, and the ... more The family is a fundamental social unit upon which the structure
of society, in general, and the Islamic community, in particular, is based.
Therefore, Islamic law has surrounded it with various noble teachings to
elevate its status and highlight its objectives. Islamic law has established its general principles and covered all its details with specific rulings, protecting its sanctity and safeguarding its boundaries. Nevertheless, the family has never been immune to ongoing developments and conflicts between different civilisations attempting to spread their cultures and impose their vision of the contemporary family. This situation has prompted the international community to hold conferences and conclude agreements characterised predominantly by the dominance of powerful countries attempting to shape a global family governed by the same laws and principles. These agreements seek to alienate Islamic societies by making them subject to these laws under the guise of protecting human rights- even if these laws contradict the provisions of their religion and the objectives of its tolerant Sharia. One such agreement that has sparked strong debate, particularly among Muslims, is the CEDAW
Agreement, convened on 3 September 1981 and signed by over 189 countries, including more than 50 with reservations and objections, while 38 rejected Article 28. Thus, this research paper aims to highlight the most important objectives of the family in Islamic law, the implications of the CEDAW Agreement for the family, and ways to confront its challenges.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in renewing... more This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in renewing sociological analysis tools among postgraduate students, particularly those who are delayed in completing their scientific research. The study focuses on three primary applications: MonkeyLearn, NVivo AI, and Atlas. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, and the interview form was used as the principal tool, targeting a purposive sample of postgraduate students (Doctorate of Science and LMD Doctorate). The findings of this study indicate that these tools have significantly contributed to expediting the analysis process and reducing the required effort and time. Moreover, they have proven effective in the precise and advanced development and completion of scientific research, with notable quality in sociological analysis and in reducing delays in completion. The study recommends providing the necessary training and technical support. The emergence of artificial intelligence as a powerful tool in the digital age represents one of the novel approaches that has introduced a qualitative shift in scientific research, particularly from a sociological perspective. This transformation is achieved through the integration and renewal of applications beyond ChatGPT, thereby facilitating faster and more accurate analysis. In addition, these tools are capable of processing both quantitative and qualitative data in ways that rival the human intellect, presenting a new digital leap manifested in objective analysis.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
Modernity has been characterized by its theoretical nature, constantly seeking to present explana... more Modernity has been characterized by its theoretical nature, constantly seeking to present explanatory theories about existence, science,
and ethics. It embodied the spirit of rationality, which led Nietzsche to critique many understandings, such as those of Kant and Hegel, considering them to have sanctified idealism and killed realism- an attitude he believed prevailed during the modern era. Consequently, Nietzsche sought to deconstruct the foundational principles of rationality and criticize the practices adopted by modern man through rational philosophy. He did so by questioning all the concepts and foundations upon which modern philosophy was built. This research aims to uncover these critical insights. Modernity is distinguished by its theoretical and methodological character in interpreting ethics, examining the state of science, and producing explanatory theories in various branches of philosophy. Nietzsche, as we will explore, takes a critical stance toward these frameworks, aiming to dismantle them as disconnected from the actual condition of humanity. He argues that they excessively invoke metaphysical and rational considerations, thereby negating the value of the autonomous individual in favor of abstract constructs that, according to Nietzsche, extinguish the spirit of life.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
The city has long constituted a fundamental subject within scientific research across various dis... more The city has long constituted a fundamental subject within scientific research across various disciplines, particularly within the humanities and social sciences, including anthropology. Each city is distinguished by its own identity and cultural and social specificities. Saharan cities, in particular, represent a unique model with their ancient architectural heritage, which reflects the cumulative experiences and cultures of peoples throughout history. The urban typology of traditional dwellings in these cities serves as a genuine mirror of the prevailing cultural and value system, which is manifested in the methods of design and construction. This study aims to explore the cultural and social specificities of traditional housing in Algerian Saharan cities by addressing the concept of the city in general and the Saharan city and its characteristics in particular. Furthermore, the article examines the types of traditional Saharan dwellings, their components, and the design criteria adopted in their construction, in addition to highlighting the multiple functions that this housing model fulfils. Ultimately, the article seeks to reveal the symbolic and social values embodied therein. The city has long been a subject of scientific inquiry across numerous disciplines, particularly within the humanities and social sciences. Each city possesses its own identity, distinctiveness, and characteristics, yet the urban and cultural specificities of the Saharan city are markedly different and highly distinguished from those of other cities. These specificities encompass a diverse array of attributes, such as the authenticity rooted in the identity of the city’s inhabitants or the assimilation and hybridisation of external cultures.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
This study presents the development and preliminary validation of the Algerian Verbal Behavior As... more This study presents the development and preliminary validation of the Algerian Verbal Behavior Assessment Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder (AVBAT ASD), a culturally grounded instrument designed to assess core verbal operants, mands, tacts, echoics, and intraverbalsin Algerian Arabic-speaking children aged 3 to 5 years with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The tool comprises 20 items rated on a 3-point scale and can be administered in under 30 minutes, making it particularly suitable for use in low-resource or time-constrained settings. A total of 63 children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study, with 31 undergoing a second evaluation two weeks later to assess test–retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis supported a two-factor structure, Functional Communication and Echoic, accounting for 84.68% of total variance (KMO = 0.916; Bartlett’s χ² = 2121.62, p < .001). All items showed strong communalities (0.601–0.936) and aligned with theoretical domains. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s α = .976), and all item-total correlations were significant (ρ = .743–.941, p < .001). Split-half reliability coefficients (Spearman–Brown and Guttman = .933) and test–retest reliability (ρ = .981, p < .01) confirmed the tool’s stability and coherence. Item difficulty indices ranged from 0.70 to 1.02, capturing a broad spectrum of language abilities. The AVBAT ASD demonstrated strong content validity, informed by expert and caregiver feedback, and reflected Algerian linguistic and cultural norms, enhancing ecological validity. By emphasizing the functional use of language rather than its form, the tool aligns with Skinner’s behavioral framework and is compatible with intervention models like Pivotal Response Treatment. Its simplicity, cultural relevance, and psychometric strength make it a promising tool for clinicians, educators, and caregivers engaged in early identification and intervention planning for children with ASD in Arabic-speaking North African contexts.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
Our study seeks to understand the various dimensions and key dynamics of the regional rivalry bet... more Our study seeks to understand the various dimensions and key dynamics of the regional rivalry between Turkey and Iran in the Middle East. This is accomplished by analyzing all international and regional implications and indicators that underlie the international and regional conflict—most notably, the ideological, political, and economic divergences, which fuel hegemony, control, and the expansion of regional influence. Both states have leveraged vital policies and programs, benefiting from their global and regional geopolitical and geostrategic positions, aiming especially to activate self-directed interests and pursue both individual and collective confrontations during the formation of regional alliances to face adversaries in the region. The study further aims to monitor and analyze the orientations, foundations, and determinants of both Turkish and Iranian strategies, as well as the degree of each state's influence on the regional security environment. To that end, it utilizes the most significant political, economic, security, and geostrategic means and mechanisms, emphasizing their roles in shaping the actions of both countries in the context of current international transformations. The Middle East has long witnessed ongoing conflicts and disputes resulting from the clashing interests and strategic objectives of influential powers operating within the regional system. Each seeks to assert regional hegemony and control over areas and countries, against a background of escalating political violence, the fragility of nation-states, the spread of religious and sectarian wars, and worsened security conditions. The abundance of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources-such as oil and natural gas-has enhanced the region’s strategic importance. Among the most active and prominent powers, Turkey and Iran each vie for hegemony, control, and expansion over spheres of influence, relying on the most advanced techniques and international, national, and regional strategies, each according to their strategic vision. The Turkish-Iranian rivalry is thus marked by the intersection of complex and interconnected dimensions, ranging from conflict to cooperation.
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
The current study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between the parental attitudes... more The current study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between the parental attitudes towards youngsters’ socialization, irrational thoughts and self-efficacy among the students of psychology and educational sciences at the University of Ouargla. The study’s Results have shown that there is a positive statistically significant relation between the parental attitudes towards youngsters’ socializationand irrational thoughts and self-efficacy among the study’s sample. Self-efficacy is one of these conceptions which is a theoretical, and the creative self is the capable to achieve its objectives Through the recognition of the individual self-Efficacythrough the individual’s perception of his self-efficacy, if this perception was realisticand logical it would increase the self-efficacy level and vice versa. The self-efficacy concept grew out of the cognitive social theory of Albert Bandora 1977. A, who sees that the self-efficacy concept comes through the individual’s cognitive awareness ofhis personal abilities. The self-efficacy generates from the individual’s experiences and from people used as an example to us, Where, in the view of Shell and Brinj “the self-efficacy is a mechanism which arises through the interaction of the individual with the environment and the use of his cognitive abilities, social and behavioral skills for the mission, which reflects the individual’s confidence in himself and his capabilities to the success in task performance". (Jasir, 1428, 25). (Schunk, 1994,87) clarified that "when the self-efficacy goes down students don’t have motivation for learning so we need to devise various strategies to enrich those students".
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
Karl Popper (1902-1994) is one of the most eminent philosophers of the 20th century which reconfi... more Karl Popper (1902-1994) is one of the most eminent philosophers of the 20th century which reconfigured the scientific method through the creation of the project (critical spirit) as an alternative to the model of certainty and traditional verification, as contributions from the philosophy of science tendencies Doughanism in Both Natural and Human Sciences, We Aim, Through this philosophical approval Attempt to establish a new Critical Epistemology, The Principle of Open, Critical, Monetary, To Achieve the Maximum Degree of Accuracy and Scientific Certainsy to Understand the
Human Experience in the Field of Multiple Cultural Perceptions, and Social Systems Through the Draft Critical Objectivity in Front of the Bets and Challenges The humanities, and social sciences to enhance Critical Dynamics and overcome the risks of current ideological stagnation, that forces us to present the following problem: How did Karl Popper establish an open rationality as an alternative to false neutrality? What is the truth of human? The answer to this problem confirms that man has always occupied the centrality of the epistemic field of humanities, and social and socially based on the controversy of the transcendent and realistic idealism within the dualism of being and nature, but with the end of the nineteenth century the human being occupied the field of experimental studies towards objective knowledge through the establishment of the ego’s ego through self-experience, which forced humanities and social sciences from the birth of modern science to this day to this day to this day to this day The imperative to overcome all classical curricula and studies based on ancient Greek perceptions, and the intellectual and systematic transition towards the scientific situation, to achieve its presence in the cognitive field through an attempt to establish an accurate objective independence by adopting the experimental approach like other modern science as "the" path leading to revealing the truth in science by a group of general rules that dominate the progress of the mind, and determines its operations until it reaches a known result".
“Metafizika” Journal (pISSN 2616-6879; eISSN 2617-751X), Serial. № 33, 2025
Global labor markets are undergoing a profound transformation,
as artificial intelligence (AI) is... more Global labor markets are undergoing a profound transformation,
as artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a marginal technical innovation but has become central to organizational processes within institutions. This study examines the dual impact of AI on work: is it a threatening force displacing traditional jobs, or an enabling tool that fosters human–machine collaboration and enhances professional performance? The paper seeks to answer a pivotal question: to what extent does AI pose a threat to conventional employment, and can it be turned into an opportunity to reintegrate humans into the labor market in a fairer and more sustainable way? Drawing on an interpretive qualitative approach, the study relied on semi-structured interviews conducted with 22 employees from various sectors (administration, education, services, technology) in Arab countries, who provided firsthand insights into AI’s impact on their work, institutions, and career paths. The theoretical analysis was built on two opposing currents: The technological substitution theory, which views AI as a threat to routine and repetitive jobs. The human–machine collaboration theory, which regards AI as an opportunity to develop human skills and improve productivity This dual framework enabled the study to move beyond the traditional binary perspective and encompass a more complex and varied reality. The findings revealed a widespread sense of anxiety about job loss, especially in sectors where technology is being adopted haphazardly without clear strategies or institutional preparedness. Some employees reported a lack of training and upskilling, which exacerbated confusion and fear. Conversely, others demonstrated adaptive behaviors, such as learning AI tools or shifting their skills toward more creative and analytical
domains, underscoring the importance of individual initiative in confronting technological challenges. One of the most notable outcomes is the absence of a clear national or institutional strategy in many Arab countries for the responsible integration of AI. Unlike advanced economies that are developing policies for reskilling and embracing hybrid roles, many developing nations face the risk of widening the digital divide due to insufficient readiness and weak investment in human capital. The study concludes that the real danger does not lie in AI itself but in the lack of sound governance and a proactive vision to ensure that AI serves human development. It recommends comprehensive reforms, particularly in education and training systems, to cultivate lifelong learning, flexibility, and creativity, thereby enhancing individuals’ capacity to adapt to a transforming labor market. This study offers an original academic contribution at the intersection of the sociology of work, labor economics, and digital transformation, while highlighting the realities of the Arab region often absent from global AI debates. It calls on policymakers to shift the narrative from fear to opportunity by building inclusive systems in which humans and algorithms jointly shape the future of work.
Metafizika Journal, (№ 5, 2025), 2025
The purpose of this research is not only to move beyond traditional concepts of knowledge but als... more The purpose of this research is not only to move beyond traditional concepts of knowledge but also to emphasize the significance of Kant’s critical philosophy. This philosophical approach constructs knowledge on critical foundations and can significantly contribute to the development of human understanding. The study concludes that the human mind has clear boundaries. If these boundaries are exceeded, both certainty and truth may be compromised. If we examine closely many of the great discoveries made by humanity’s most brilliant minds in the fields of science, philosophy, and art, we notice something striking. These discoveries often possess simplicity, clarity, or an intuitive quality. At the same time, it is surprising that humanity took so long to uncover such straightforward facts and obvious evidence. One such revelation may be the critique of reason itself. We might wonder how humanity spent centuries before any philosopher proposed that the human mind should be examined and tested. Why did no one argue earlier for the need to assess the mind’s ability to know before using it as a tool to seek truth? This was precisely the work undertaken by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). He critically examined the "human mind" before relying on it to explore theological, metaphysical, and hidden truths. His “critical philosophy” began as a systematic effort to define the exact boundaries within which the mind can be reliably used as a source of knowledge. According to Zakaria Ibrahim (1972), critical philosophy is, at its core, a methodical attempt to establish the legitimate limits of the mind’s role in the pursuit of knowledge.
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Papers by Metafizika Journal
texts, the most important of which is Law 91-10 relating to endowments, as amended and supplemented.
methodological crisis in the human sciences appeared with the emergence of the conflict between qualitative methodologies and positivist methodologies in the quest for truth. The human phenomenon did not attract the attention of researchers until the nineteenth century, as all interests had previously focused on nature. Consequently, the human sciences found themselves facing a dilemma: either to adopt the scientific method in the hope of achieving results similar to those of the natural sciences or to develop a methodology suited to their nature. This conflict persisted until the human sciences had the opportunity to forge their path and free themselves from dependence on the natural sciences, after which it became evident that the methodologies used in the sciences were limited in their applicability to human phenomena owing to the distinct nature of each.
one of the most challenging professions. It is frequently ranked as the third most difficult job after those of astronomers and high-speed aircraft pilots. This field is highly demanding, requiring not only talented and highly qualified interpreters but also specialised equipment. Despite these challenges, translators and specialists continue to advocate for its use in international forums and official meetings. Simultaneous interpretation was prominent during the Nuremberg Trials and is now utilised in major
organisations such as the United Nations and the European Union, as well as in the Holy Mosques, the Grand Mosque in Makkah and the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah. This article provides an overview of the historical background of simultaneous interpretation, discusses its inherent difficulties, and explains why it is the preferred method in international settings. Simultaneous interpretation has long attracted significant interest from specialists and is often admired by the general public. Many aspire to become interpreters, envisioning it as a prestigious career, and understandably so. Simultaneous interpretation is typically associated with interpreters who attend international conferences and political meetings, frequently travelling from one capital city to another. However, those drawn to this field may not realise that it involves tremendous responsibility, as even minor errors can have serious consequences. Moreover, it is a highly demanding profession with numerous conditions and requirements.
of society, in general, and the Islamic community, in particular, is based.
Therefore, Islamic law has surrounded it with various noble teachings to
elevate its status and highlight its objectives. Islamic law has established its general principles and covered all its details with specific rulings, protecting its sanctity and safeguarding its boundaries. Nevertheless, the family has never been immune to ongoing developments and conflicts between different civilisations attempting to spread their cultures and impose their vision of the contemporary family. This situation has prompted the international community to hold conferences and conclude agreements characterised predominantly by the dominance of powerful countries attempting to shape a global family governed by the same laws and principles. These agreements seek to alienate Islamic societies by making them subject to these laws under the guise of protecting human rights- even if these laws contradict the provisions of their religion and the objectives of its tolerant Sharia. One such agreement that has sparked strong debate, particularly among Muslims, is the CEDAW
Agreement, convened on 3 September 1981 and signed by over 189 countries, including more than 50 with reservations and objections, while 38 rejected Article 28. Thus, this research paper aims to highlight the most important objectives of the family in Islamic law, the implications of the CEDAW Agreement for the family, and ways to confront its challenges.
and ethics. It embodied the spirit of rationality, which led Nietzsche to critique many understandings, such as those of Kant and Hegel, considering them to have sanctified idealism and killed realism- an attitude he believed prevailed during the modern era. Consequently, Nietzsche sought to deconstruct the foundational principles of rationality and criticize the practices adopted by modern man through rational philosophy. He did so by questioning all the concepts and foundations upon which modern philosophy was built. This research aims to uncover these critical insights. Modernity is distinguished by its theoretical and methodological character in interpreting ethics, examining the state of science, and producing explanatory theories in various branches of philosophy. Nietzsche, as we will explore, takes a critical stance toward these frameworks, aiming to dismantle them as disconnected from the actual condition of humanity. He argues that they excessively invoke metaphysical and rational considerations, thereby negating the value of the autonomous individual in favor of abstract constructs that, according to Nietzsche, extinguish the spirit of life.
Human Experience in the Field of Multiple Cultural Perceptions, and Social Systems Through the Draft Critical Objectivity in Front of the Bets and Challenges The humanities, and social sciences to enhance Critical Dynamics and overcome the risks of current ideological stagnation, that forces us to present the following problem: How did Karl Popper establish an open rationality as an alternative to false neutrality? What is the truth of human? The answer to this problem confirms that man has always occupied the centrality of the epistemic field of humanities, and social and socially based on the controversy of the transcendent and realistic idealism within the dualism of being and nature, but with the end of the nineteenth century the human being occupied the field of experimental studies towards objective knowledge through the establishment of the ego’s ego through self-experience, which forced humanities and social sciences from the birth of modern science to this day to this day to this day to this day The imperative to overcome all classical curricula and studies based on ancient Greek perceptions, and the intellectual and systematic transition towards the scientific situation, to achieve its presence in the cognitive field through an attempt to establish an accurate objective independence by adopting the experimental approach like other modern science as "the" path leading to revealing the truth in science by a group of general rules that dominate the progress of the mind, and determines its operations until it reaches a known result".
as artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a marginal technical innovation but has become central to organizational processes within institutions. This study examines the dual impact of AI on work: is it a threatening force displacing traditional jobs, or an enabling tool that fosters human–machine collaboration and enhances professional performance? The paper seeks to answer a pivotal question: to what extent does AI pose a threat to conventional employment, and can it be turned into an opportunity to reintegrate humans into the labor market in a fairer and more sustainable way? Drawing on an interpretive qualitative approach, the study relied on semi-structured interviews conducted with 22 employees from various sectors (administration, education, services, technology) in Arab countries, who provided firsthand insights into AI’s impact on their work, institutions, and career paths. The theoretical analysis was built on two opposing currents: The technological substitution theory, which views AI as a threat to routine and repetitive jobs. The human–machine collaboration theory, which regards AI as an opportunity to develop human skills and improve productivity This dual framework enabled the study to move beyond the traditional binary perspective and encompass a more complex and varied reality. The findings revealed a widespread sense of anxiety about job loss, especially in sectors where technology is being adopted haphazardly without clear strategies or institutional preparedness. Some employees reported a lack of training and upskilling, which exacerbated confusion and fear. Conversely, others demonstrated adaptive behaviors, such as learning AI tools or shifting their skills toward more creative and analytical
domains, underscoring the importance of individual initiative in confronting technological challenges. One of the most notable outcomes is the absence of a clear national or institutional strategy in many Arab countries for the responsible integration of AI. Unlike advanced economies that are developing policies for reskilling and embracing hybrid roles, many developing nations face the risk of widening the digital divide due to insufficient readiness and weak investment in human capital. The study concludes that the real danger does not lie in AI itself but in the lack of sound governance and a proactive vision to ensure that AI serves human development. It recommends comprehensive reforms, particularly in education and training systems, to cultivate lifelong learning, flexibility, and creativity, thereby enhancing individuals’ capacity to adapt to a transforming labor market. This study offers an original academic contribution at the intersection of the sociology of work, labor economics, and digital transformation, while highlighting the realities of the Arab region often absent from global AI debates. It calls on policymakers to shift the narrative from fear to opportunity by building inclusive systems in which humans and algorithms jointly shape the future of work.