come as no surprise since lingonberry is a member of the heath family (Ericaceae), a close relati... more come as no surprise since lingonberry is a member of the heath family (Ericaceae), a close relative of such beauties as rhododendron, pieris, and, of course, heath (Erica) and heather (Calluna) as well as to the delectable blueberry and our Thanksgiving cranberry. Vaccmium vitis-idaea is separated into two botanical varieties with natural hybrids occurring in Scandinavia. The larger of the two, V. vitis-idaea var. vitls-
The major fruit crops of temperate zones with cold winters are the pome fruits, the stone fruits,... more The major fruit crops of temperate zones with cold winters are the pome fruits, the stone fruits, brambles, blueberries, strawberries, and grapes. For the past 25 years, I have been identifying and studying a number of uncommon fruits that might expand this palate; such fruits have been selected for their unique and delectable flavors as well as for their pest resistance. These fruits are well suited to upscale and ethnic markets, but, more importantly, their pest resistance allows for environmentally sound, “sustainable” production, suitable for the growing “organic” market as well as, of course, conventional markets. The major temperate zone fruit crops are typically shipped long distances where they are treated as just another commodity in the world market. Most of the uncommon fruits highlighted in the present research are as yet unsuitable for long term storage and shipping; however their unique, delectable flavors, and their ethnic appeal, make them ideal for growing near larg...
SummaryVariance components were determined for the percentage of mycorrhiza formation in roots of... more SummaryVariance components were determined for the percentage of mycorrhiza formation in roots of apple trees (Malus) and the numbers of mycorrhizal spores extracted from the soil environment of trees growing in the field. For spore counts and root infection, variability was least from tree to tree. With both of the commonly used methods of rating percentage infection, variability was greatest between samples. For counting soil‐extracted spores, the greatest variation was at the subsample level.
Apple plants, cultivar Novole, were either uninoculated (control) or inoculated with one of the f... more Apple plants, cultivar Novole, were either uninoculated (control) or inoculated with one of the following mycorrhizal fungi: Glomus macrocarpum Tul. and Tul., Glomus intraradices Schenk and Smith, Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Ger. and Trappe, or Glomus epigaeum Daniels and Trappe. Groups of plants were harvested of three successive intervals. Glomus intraradices and G. epigaeum caused most rapid and highest levels of root infection, and increased P uptake compared with plants which were inoculated with the other fungi, or were uninoculated. Plants inoculated with G. intraradices and G. epigaeum had greatest dry weights.Key words: Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae, Glomus epigaeum, phosphorus
In late March at the Arnold Arboretum the signs of spring are few and subtle. Cornus mas is one o... more In late March at the Arnold Arboretum the signs of spring are few and subtle. Cornus mas is one of the first woody plants to bring color back to the landscape. A first-class ornamental, it offers a graceful habit, attractively mottled bark, soft yellow flowers, and-not least-fruits. One summer day as I happened upon and ate cornelian cherries from a tree in New /; York City's Central Park, ' I had to assure a concerned passerby that I was not experimenting with a possibly poisonous new food. Instead, I was partaking of a fruit that has been enjoyed by humankind for the past seven thousand years. At a site in northern Greece, early Neolithic peoples left remains of meals that included cornelian cherry along with einkorn wheat, barley, lentils, and peas. Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) was well known to the ancient Greeks and Romans, and references to the plant ' abound in their literature. Cornus mas in frmt, drawn by V. Arlein.
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