Avabahuka is identified as a disorder of the shoulder joint and is closely associated with frozen... more Avabahuka is identified as a disorder of the shoulder joint and is closely associated with frozen shoulder based on its characteristic signs and symptoms. Acharya Sushruta classified Avabahuka as a Vatavyadhi (a disease caused by Vata imbalance). Ayurveda offers various therapeutic approaches for its management. This article presents a case report highlighting the effectiveness of Prasarinyadi Kashaya and Karpasasthyadi Taila Nasya, as described in the Sahasrayoga text, in managing Avabahuka in routine clinical practice. The patient was treated with Prasarinyadi Kashaya and Karpasasthyadi Taila Nasya therapy & mild physical exercise yogasana. For assessment, the clinical symptoms of Avabahuka were evaluated based on Ansa Sandhi Shoola (shoulder joint pain), Ansa Sandhi Stabdhata (stiffness in the shoulder joint), and Bahu Praspandan Har (restricted arm movement). The severity of these symptoms was graded on a scale from 0 to 3. Gradual improvement was observed in the patient's range of motion over time. The study suggests that Prasarinyadi Kashaya and Karpasasthyadi Taila Nasya, combined with yogasan, can be effective in alleviating the symptoms of Avabahuka, making it a promising therapeutic option.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
The water provided by the public network in the city ofDaloa is rejected by residents because of ... more The water provided by the public network in the city ofDaloa is rejected by residents because of the disagreeable organoleptic characteristics. This situation has pushed a large, proportion of the population to exploit the water from resurgent springs and traditional wells. However, these waters tap into alterite aquifers, which are the first reservoir to receive seepage water that is often highly laden with impurities. As a result, these waters could be contaminated by domestic and industrial effluents, deteriorating their quality and impacting consumer health. Hence the need to evaluate the health risk from these waters. To this end, seasonal analyses of physico-chemical parameters on 40 waters points have been carried out. Methodological approach consisted of using the water quality index and the probabilistic risk method. As a result, these waters are rich in heavy metals whatever the season, and the quality varies from very poor to good for wells and from poor to good for springs. Thus, the chromium VI-related health risk for these waters in both seasons has a hazard quotient greater than 1. The level of carcinogenic risk is also very high, with a value greater than 10-4. People are therefore exposed to gastrointestinal risks and can contract cancer when they consume untreated well and spring water.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Despiteadvancements in anesthesiasafety, perioperativemorbidityremains a frequentconcern, and no ... more Despiteadvancements in anesthesiasafety, perioperativemorbidityremains a frequentconcern, and no practitioneris immune to potential accidents. This studyaims to assess the training needs of anesthesia and intensive care residentsconcerning the management of perioperative incidents. A surveywasconductedat the Mohammed V MilitaryTeachingHospital in Rabat, usingindividual interviews and an open-ended questionnaire. The resultsrevealedsignificant training needs in knowledge, skills, and relationalabilities, particularly in managingperioperativehypoxemia, bronchospasm, cardiacrhythmdisturbances, and hemodynamicinstability. Junior residentsexpressedgreater training needscompared to senior residents. Thesefindingshighlight the necessity of targetededucation to improveperioperative care and safety in the operating room.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Anaphylaxisis a rapid-onset, potentially life-threateningsystemichypersensitivityreaction, with a... more Anaphylaxisis a rapid-onset, potentially life-threateningsystemichypersensitivityreaction, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 20,000 anesthetic administrations. Neuromuscularblocking agents (NMBAs), particularlyrocuronium and succinylcholine, are implicatedin 60–70% of anestheticanaphylaxis cases. Prompt recognition and intervention are critical in these emergencies. Sugammadex, a selectiveantagonist of rocuronium, offers a noveltherapeuticapproach due to itsability to rapidlyencapsulaterocuroniummolecules, effectivelymitigating the immunologicalprocessesdrivinganaphylaxis. This report presents a 46-year-old womanwhodevelopedrocuronium-inducedanaphylaxisduringcholecystectomy. Manifesting as severe hypotension and urticarialerythemashortlyafter induction, her condition wasunresponsive to initial resuscitativemeasures. Administration of sugammadexpromptlyreversed the reaction, restoringhemodynamicstability and resolvingsymptoms. Allergytestingsubsequentlyconfirmedrocuronium as the causative agent. The discussion explores the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and biochemical investigations pertinent to NMBA-inducedanaphylaxis. A review of the literature supports sugammadex as an emergingtherapeutic option, particularly in refractory cases. This case underscores the necessity of timelydiagnosis and intervention, emphasizingsugammadexsrole in enhancing patient safetyduringanesthesia. Furtherresearch and clinical vigilance are essential to optimizeoutcomes in NMBA-inducedanaphylaxis.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Proximal femoral fractures (hip fractures) are a major public health concern, particularly in the... more Proximal femoral fractures (hip fractures) are a major public health concern, particularly in the elderly, due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. This retrospective descriptive study, conducted at the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital between January 2018 and June 2021, aimed to identify risk factors for short- and long-term morbidity and mortality in patients over 50 years of age undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures. A total of 125 patients were included in the study. The analysis revealed several significant risk factors for morbidity and mortality, including age over 70, anemia, preoperative renal insufficiency, and delayed treatment beyond 48 hours. Multivariate analysis indicated that treatment delay was the only statistically significant factor associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality (p=0.015). Postoperative complications were found to be associated with neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, thromboembolic, and chronic pain, with significant relationships to anesthesia techniques, prolonged hospitalization, and pre-existing comorbidities. In-hospital mortality was 4%, with a 3-month mortality rate of 8.8% and a 1-year mortality rate of 20.8%. The study highlighted the impact of early surgical intervention, revealing that a delay in treatment by more than 48 hours was associated with a higher risk of complications and mortality. Furthermore, the study explored the influence of anesthesia techniques on patient outcomes, noting a slightly higher incidence of mortality in patients receiving general anesthesia compared to spinal anesthesia, though the difference was not statistically significant. The findings emphasize the importance of early intervention, identification of risk factors, and the need for multidisciplinary care to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of these fractures on healthcare systems.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
The English writer Charles Dickens was known for his work as a novelist, journalist, short story ... more The English writer Charles Dickens was known for his work as a novelist, journalist, short story writer, and social critic. He was the creator of some of literatures most well-known fictional characters, and many consider him to be the greatest novelist of the Victorian era.Charles Dickenss era witnessed significant changes in children and social reality due to the Industrial Revolution and the prevalent socio-economic conditions. Due to widespread poverty, a significant number of children were required to work in factories, mines, and as chimney sweeps.The increase in orphans and homeless children was due to diseases, poor living conditions, and high mortality rates among adults. The harsh conditions of many children living on the street or in workhouses caused high child mortality rates, as well as inadequate medical care, poor nutrition, and unsanitary living conditions. Overcrowded urban areas experienced a spike in diseases such as cholera, typhus, and tuberculosis. Oliver Twist is notable for its unflinching depiction of the underbelly of Victorian society and its criticism of social institutions that fail to protect the vulnerable. Dickenss vivid characterizations and dramatic storytelling make the novel both a compelling narrative and a powerful social commentary. So the Aim of this research paper is focussing on Hypocrisy of charity, Psychological Trauma, Social Reform. Dickens criticises the institutions meant to aid the poor, like the workhouse system, which often caused more harm than good. The psychological impact of poverty, abuse, and neglect on individuals, especially children. Highlighting the need for societal change and the impact of social reform movements on improving conditions for the poor.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Amenamevir is a promising antiviral agent with strong activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV)... more Amenamevir is a promising antiviral agent with strong activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This review article aims to explore its pharmacodynamics, therapeutic potential, and safety profile in detail. Amenamevir functions by inhibiting the viral helicase-primase complex, a crucial step in viral DNA replication, distinguishing it from other antiviral drugs. The article examines the results from clinical trials assessing its efficacy in treating recurrent herpesvirus infections, its pharmacokinetic properties, and its suitability for patients with compromised immune systems. We also discuss the drugs safety and tolerability, identifying common side effects, drug interactions, and contraindications. Furthermore, the review highlights Amenamevirs potential role in managing antiviral resistance and its possible broader applications in the treatment of chronic viral infections. Finally, future directions are outlined, including the exploration of combination therapy and the development of more accessible oral formulations, to optimize the clinical use of Amenamevir.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Umbilical cord rupture in utero is a very rare and critical emergency that can cause fetal death ... more Umbilical cord rupture in utero is a very rare and critical emergency that can cause fetal death within minutes. Umbilical cords rupture can be associated with normal or adverse perinatal outcomes leading to stillbirth, asphyxia, fetal distress, and neurologic damage. When rupture does occur in utero signs of fetal distress appear and fetal mortality rate is approximately 50%. We present the rare case of severe anaemia and shock immediately after delivery related to severe neonatal blood loss due to intrapartum umbilical cord rupture where there was a tight nuchal cord and the placenta was bilobed with a Succenturiate lobe. The umbilical cord ruptures close to the babys side near the abdominal wall.This is an unusual site, as most cases tend to rupture from the weakest site at the insertion of the cord to the abnormal placenta.Following stabilization and resuscitation, the baby survived and recovered well.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Many measures are being taken worldwide to prevent climate change and drought. In developed count... more Many measures are being taken worldwide to prevent climate change and drought. In developed countries, efforts in the fields of economy, energy and agriculture continue uninterruptedly. Agriculture is greatly impacted by climate change, and unsustainable farming practices are no exception. The agricultural sector produces significant amounts of greenhouse gases, including CO2, N2O, and CH4.Changing carbon stocks in soil and atmospheric air, due to changes in the energy used in agricultural practices and changes in soil management, affects CO2 emissions. There has been a recent movement in the agricultural sector to cut greenhouse gas emissions.While existing studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of sustainable agricultural practices in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, there is limited research specifically examining how Precision Agriculture Technologies (PAT) contribute to these reductions.Accordingly, by accounting for the lands temporal and spatial variability, precision agricultural technologies make it possible to use agricultural inputs efficiently. Agriculture productivity is raised by these cutting-edge technologies, which include precision physical weeding, variable rate sowing, irrigation, pesticide application, and fertilization. Precision Agriculture Technologies (PAT) can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural activities, sustaining or increasing productivity, in this context, the variable rate approach to fertilization, irrigation and pesticide application has a significant impact. Remote sensing (satellite imagery, thermal imaging), global positioning system (GPS), lidar (light reflection and detection), drones, geographic information systems (ArcGIS), Google Earth and Global Mapper are also used in precision agriculture practices.By analyzing the impact of these practices in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the advantages of using (PAT) in future agricultural and climate policy measures can be evaluated. In studies, it has been determined that agricultural activities (fertilization, tillage, irrigation, spraying) carried out using precision agriculture techniques reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5%-62%. At the same time, it is also stated that it contributes to the economy by saving money by using agricultural input at the required rate. Examining how precision agriculture technologies might reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources is the aim of this review.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) represents a collection ... more Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) represents a collection of rare autoimmune disorders that primarily target small blood vessels. This group includes granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). The diagnosis of AAV is multifaceted, relying on a combination of clinical assessments, biological markers, radiological imaging, and histopathological evaluations.Although the revised Chapel Hill classification has refined disease definitions, the absence of ANCAs in some patients can complicate diagnosis.
The management of AAV typically begins with an induction phase aimed at inducing remission. This phase often incorporates corticosteroids (CS) or Avacopan in conjunction with immunosuppressants such as Rituximab (RTX) or Cyclophosphamide (CYC). Following this initial treatment, patients generally transition to maintenance therapy. Despite significant advancements in the understanding and treatment of AAV, challenges persist regarding accurate prognosis and therapeutic management.
To evaluate disease severity and inform treatment decisions, clinicians utilize tools such as the Five-Factor Score (FFS) and the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). However, these assessment instruments have inherent limitations and may not fully encapsulate the complexity of the disease. Recent epidemiological research has underscored geographic variability in the incidence of AAV and highlighted the role of ANCAs as crucial diagnostic and prognostic markers.Evaluating long-term sequelae using indices such as the Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) is essential, especially given improved survival rates and an increasing focus on enhancing patients quality of life.Current treatment strategies aim to minimize relapses and manage complications, including infections and metabolic disturbances however, there is a pressing need for more personalized approaches.This review emphasizes the importance of developing more sophisticated prognostic tools and activity scores to improve clinical management of AAV. It also advocates for continued research to optimize treatment strategies and enhance outcomes for patients affected by these challenging conditions.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Aim & Objectives Of The Study Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study is to analyze the various m... more Aim & Objectives Of The Study Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study is to analyze the various modalities of treatment for vascular anomalies and their response at a Tertiary care centre in Telangana.
Objectives Of The Study: 1. To study the incidence of various vascular anomalies. 2. To study the demographic features of various vascular anomalies. 3. To study the various modalities of treatment used at Tertiary care center 4. To study the complications.
Need For The Study: Vascular anomalies signify a deviation from normal vasculature. Their morbidity can range from mild discoloration of skin to massive involvement leading to functional compromise ?These anomalies include a group of disorders which are difficult to classify as well as to treat. ?They are commonly misdiagnosed and hence mistreated. Hence, correct diagnosis which is of paramount importance for the proper management of vascular anomalies is done by proper history and clinical examination and proper investigations like color Doppler study and if needed Angiogram. ?These lesions can cause cosmetic deformities of the head and neck and can interfere with the normal function in these areas. ?Hence, early diagnosis with clinical evaluation and investigations like Color doppler study and if needed angiogram and treatment needs to be done to avoid dangerous complications associated with these lesions such as bleeding, cosmetic deformity, airway obstruction which might even cause death of the individual.
Materials & Methods Study Design: Retroprospective clinical study  Study subjects:  All patients admitted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery with vascular anomalies within the stipulated time period of 48 months ( 2 years retrospective and 2 years prospective from February 2021 to March 2025) are included in the study Sample size: All patients with vascular anomalies attending the OPD of Department of  Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery within the stipulated time period is included in the study with minimum sample size taken as 20  Inclusion Criteria: All patients with vascular anomalies admitted in the Department of Burns Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery willing to participate are included in the study.
Exclusion criteria:Â 1. Patients not willing to participate in the study. 2. Patients who are unfit for anesthesia. 3. Patients with CNS AV malformation Period of study: 48 Months (2 years Retrospective and 2 years Prospective).
Place of study: Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
The extrusion process is integral to manufacturing, enabling the production of continuous profile... more The extrusion process is integral to manufacturing, enabling the production of continuous profiles with precise cross-sections for various industries, including automotive, construction, and aerospace. This study focuses on the computational analysis of material flow and heat transfer during the extrusion of an L-type section under steady-state conditions. Finite element analysis is used to model the extrusion process.The research evaluates the impact of key parameters such as container temperature, ram velocity, and friction coefficients on the billets thermal profile and exit temperature. The study incorporates non-Newtonian flow dynamics, and thermal coupling to provide comprehensive insights into optimizing process efficiency, die design, and material flow uniformity. The results demonstrate the critical role of thermal and frictional parameters in enhancing extrusion quality and preventing material defects.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Hyper IgM syndrome is a well-knownhereditaryimmunodeficiency, first describedin 1961. It iscaused... more Hyper IgM syndrome is a well-knownhereditaryimmunodeficiency, first describedin 1961. It iscaused by a defect in B lymphocytes, characterized by a normal or high serumlevel of IgM and a low or zerolevel of IgG, IgA, IgE resultingfrom a deficiency in isotype switching. Itsclinical manifestations are dominated by recurrent infections, especiallyrespiratory and digestive. The interest of this article is to illustrate a particular mode of revelation of hyper IgM syndromes through persistent chronicneutropenia in an infant.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
This article delves into the multifaceted depiction of the Tantric figure in the film Sangharsh (... more This article delves into the multifaceted depiction of the Tantric figure in the film Sangharsh (1999), focusing on its cultural, cinematic, and popular dimensions. It would primarily examine the presentation of the antagonist figure, Lajja Shankar Pandey who is portrayed as a Tantric practitioner engaging in human sacrifice to gain immortality and supernatural powers. By analysing the films narrative and portrayal of character, this study scrutinizes the cultural significance of the Tantric cult, and its representation as a source of fear and fascination. Also, it tries to connect this figure to its Western counterpart—the blood-sucking vampire who represents the cultural conflicts of class, power, and gender. Exploring similar aspect, this article would also focus on how the films depiction of Tantra aligns with broader cinematic trends in India, where mysticism and spirituality are often intertwined with moral and ethical dilemmas. Eventually, the article argues that Sangharsh presents a layered interpretation of the Tantric figure, blending cultural aspects and its cinematic dramatization to explore themes of power, mortality, and the supernatural.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Objective: To compare the efficacy of plasmapheresis against other modalities of management in pa... more Objective: To compare the efficacy of plasmapheresis against other modalities of management in patients of acute liver failure
Study Type: Cross-sectional Study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from June 2023 to July 2024
Methodology: Patients of either sex between 18 years to 75 years of age meeting the acute liver failure criteria were enrolled into the study. Patients with liver failure due to pre-exiting liver disease, septicaemia, and heart failure were excluded from the study. The detailed history and clinical information were taken from all individuals after enrolment. The blood sample for serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time, international normalised ratio, bilirubin, and creatinine were taken pre- and post- plasmapheresis sessions. The plasmapheresis was done until clinical improvement was achieved. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0.
Results:A total of one hundred and seventy-six (n=176) were included in this study with median age of 47.00 (36.00-57.00) years. There were 53 (30.11%) females and 123 (69.89%) males. The median pre-plasmapheresis serum ALT was 602.00 (455.00-764.00) while post-plasmapheresis it was 324.00 (192.00-463.00). The median pre-plasmapheresis serum bilirubin was 34.00 (25.00-43.00) while post-plasmapheresis it was29.00 (21.00-39.00). The international normalised ratio was 24.00 (21.00-26.00) and 19.00 (15.00-20.00) pre and post plasmapheresis session. The improvement in liver markers was statistically significant (p<0.001) post plasmapheresis.
Conclusion:The plasmapheresis sessions were very effective in improving the outcome in patients of acute liver failure.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Background: The Covid-19 disease which has lead to panic in many countries including India, and n... more Background: The Covid-19 disease which has lead to panic in many countries including India, and now there is emergence of third wave in many parts of the world. As there are no proper treatment options and remedies for this deadly disease, it is leading to secondary infection among the patients who are Immuno-compromised called Mucormycosis also known as Black fungus disease. Thus it is very much important for the frontline workers to have the knowledge regarding this deadful disease. The objective of the study is to assess knowledge of dental students regarding mucormycosis.
Material and Method: Among 250 dental students a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Khammam, Telangana. The sample consists of 79 (3rd years), 78 (4th years), 63 (interns), 30 (Postgraduates). They were asked to fill a questionnaire which was sent to them through google link which consists of 20 questions related to knowledge about mucormycosis.
Result and Conclusion: Majority of dental students were aware of this deadly disease mucormycosis. Almost more than 50% of study sample have knowledge regarding mucormycosis. Post graduate students have more knowledge and awareness regarding mucormycosis when compared with 3rd years, 4th years and interns.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Background: Complications following exodontia is not always avoidable. So, dentists should be awa... more Background: Complications following exodontia is not always avoidable. So, dentists should be aware about the treatment to manage complications following exodontia. Hence, it is necessary to ascertain dental students knowledge and attitude towards post extraction complications and its management.
Aim: To assess the knowledge regarding post extraction complications and its management among dental students in Khammam, Telangana.
Material and Method: Among 150 undergraduate (clinical) students a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in a tertiary care teaching dental hospital. The sample consists of 87 final years and 63 interns. They were asked to fill a questionnaire which was sent to their mobiles through google link which consists of 20 questions regarding knowledge and attitude about post extraction complications.
Result and Conclusion: Majority of dental students have good quality of knowledge towards post extraction complications. Both the final years and interns have almost equal knowledge regarding post extraction complications. Although dental students have good quality of knowledge towards post extraction complications it is not adequate to manage some rare complications. So, there it is necessary to upgrade their knowledge. The need for this study is if the complications of post extractions are not treated properly it might lead to furthermorelife-threatening complications such as morbidity and death. So it is important for a dental to have an adequate idea and knowledge regarding post extraction complications including some rare complications along with its management.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2024
Atypical endometrial hyperplasia,with fertility preserving management by hormonal IUS,and oral pr... more Atypical endometrial hyperplasia,with fertility preserving management by hormonal IUS,and oral progesterone, natural conception three times,allowed for how many pregnancies before hysterectomy? To reduce the incidence of endometrial cancer.
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The management of AAV typically begins with an induction phase aimed at inducing remission. This phase often incorporates corticosteroids (CS) or Avacopan in conjunction with immunosuppressants such as Rituximab (RTX) or Cyclophosphamide (CYC). Following this initial treatment, patients generally transition to maintenance therapy. Despite significant advancements in the understanding and treatment of AAV, challenges persist regarding accurate prognosis and therapeutic management.
To evaluate disease severity and inform treatment decisions, clinicians utilize tools such as the Five-Factor Score (FFS) and the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). However, these assessment instruments have inherent limitations and may not fully encapsulate the complexity of the disease. Recent epidemiological research has underscored geographic variability in the incidence of AAV and highlighted the role of ANCAs as crucial diagnostic and prognostic markers.Evaluating long-term sequelae using indices such as the Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) is essential, especially given improved survival rates and an increasing focus on enhancing patients quality of life.Current treatment strategies aim to minimize relapses and manage complications, including infections and metabolic disturbances however, there is a pressing need for more personalized approaches.This review emphasizes the importance of developing more sophisticated prognostic tools and activity scores to improve clinical management of AAV. It also advocates for continued research to optimize treatment strategies and enhance outcomes for patients affected by these challenging conditions.
Objectives Of The Study: 1. To study the incidence of various vascular anomalies. 2. To study the demographic features of various vascular anomalies. 3. To study the various modalities of treatment used at Tertiary care center 4. To study the complications.
Need For The Study: Vascular anomalies signify a deviation from normal vasculature. Their morbidity can range from mild discoloration of skin to massive involvement leading to functional compromise ?These anomalies include a group of disorders which are difficult to classify as well as to treat. ?They are commonly misdiagnosed and hence mistreated. Hence, correct diagnosis which is of paramount importance for the proper management of vascular anomalies is done by proper history and clinical examination and proper investigations like color Doppler study and if needed Angiogram. ?These lesions can cause cosmetic deformities of the head and neck and can interfere with the normal function in these areas. ?Hence, early diagnosis with clinical evaluation and investigations like Color doppler study and if needed angiogram and treatment needs to be done to avoid dangerous complications associated with these lesions such as bleeding, cosmetic deformity, airway obstruction which might even cause death of the individual.
Materials & Methods Study Design: Retroprospective clinical study  Study subjects:  All patients admitted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery with vascular anomalies within the stipulated time period of 48 months ( 2 years retrospective and 2 years prospective from February 2021 to March 2025) are included in the study Sample size: All patients with vascular anomalies attending the OPD of Department of  Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery within the stipulated time period is included in the study with minimum sample size taken as 20  Inclusion Criteria: All patients with vascular anomalies admitted in the Department of Burns Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery willing to participate are included in the study.
Exclusion criteria:Â 1. Patients not willing to participate in the study. 2. Patients who are unfit for anesthesia. 3. Patients with CNS AV malformation Period of study: 48 Months (2 years Retrospective and 2 years Prospective).
Place of study: Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad.
Study Type: Cross-sectional Study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from June 2023 to July 2024
Methodology: Patients of either sex between 18 years to 75 years of age meeting the acute liver failure criteria were enrolled into the study. Patients with liver failure due to pre-exiting liver disease, septicaemia, and heart failure were excluded from the study. The detailed history and clinical information were taken from all individuals after enrolment. The blood sample for serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time, international normalised ratio, bilirubin, and creatinine were taken pre- and post- plasmapheresis sessions. The plasmapheresis was done until clinical improvement was achieved. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0.
Results:A total of one hundred and seventy-six (n=176) were included in this study with median age of 47.00 (36.00-57.00) years. There were 53 (30.11%) females and 123 (69.89%) males. The median pre-plasmapheresis serum ALT was 602.00 (455.00-764.00) while post-plasmapheresis it was 324.00 (192.00-463.00). The median pre-plasmapheresis serum bilirubin was 34.00 (25.00-43.00) while post-plasmapheresis it was29.00 (21.00-39.00). The international normalised ratio was 24.00 (21.00-26.00) and 19.00 (15.00-20.00) pre and post plasmapheresis session. The improvement in liver markers was statistically significant (p<0.001) post plasmapheresis.
Conclusion:The plasmapheresis sessions were very effective in improving the outcome in patients of acute liver failure.
Material and Method: Among 250 dental students a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Khammam, Telangana. The sample consists of 79 (3rd years), 78 (4th years), 63 (interns), 30 (Postgraduates). They were asked to fill a questionnaire which was sent to them through google link which consists of 20 questions related to knowledge about mucormycosis.
Result and Conclusion: Majority of dental students were aware of this deadly disease mucormycosis. Almost more than 50% of study sample have knowledge regarding mucormycosis. Post graduate students have more knowledge and awareness regarding mucormycosis when compared with 3rd years, 4th years and interns.
Aim: To assess the knowledge regarding post extraction complications and its management among dental students in Khammam, Telangana.
Material and Method: Among 150 undergraduate (clinical) students a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in a tertiary care teaching dental hospital. The sample consists of 87 final years and 63 interns. They were asked to fill a questionnaire which was sent to their mobiles through google link which consists of 20 questions regarding knowledge and attitude about post extraction complications.
Result and Conclusion: Majority of dental students have good quality of knowledge towards post extraction complications. Both the final years and interns have almost equal knowledge regarding post extraction complications. Although dental students have good quality of knowledge towards post extraction complications it is not adequate to manage some rare complications. So, there it is necessary to upgrade their knowledge. The need for this study is if the complications of post extractions are not treated properly it might lead to furthermorelife-threatening complications such as morbidity and death. So it is important for a dental to have an adequate idea and knowledge regarding post extraction complications including some rare complications along with its management.