David Goforth

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The topology of the 2x2 games : a new periodic table

Game theory has implications for all the social sciences and beyond. It now provides the theoreti... more Game theory has implications for all the social sciences and beyond. It now provides the theoretical basis for almost all teaching in economics, and 2x2 games provide the very basis of game theory. Here, Goforth and Robinson here have delivered a well-written and knowledgeable, 'periodic table' of the most common games including: * the prisoner's dilemma * coordination games * chicken * the battle of the sexes. This book will provide a valuable reference for students of microeconomics and business mathematics.

Public Communication of Climate Change Science: Engaging Citizens Through Apocalyptic Narrative Explanation

Technical Communication Quarterly, 2008

... Between facts and values: Print media coverage of the greenhouse effect, 19871990 ... demand... more

Peitho : a tool to support critical thinking

ABSTRACT A new generic model of the structure and process of critical thinking is proposed. This ... more ABSTRACT A new generic model of the structure and process of critical thinking is proposed. This model is the basis for a software tool which permits the representation of a variety of specific models of critical thinking. The tool is an environment that supports the development and analysis of arguments, it also supports the teaching and learning of critical thinking skills. The usefulness of the program is established across a variety of critical thinking activities for a range of users from learner to expert in various domains of discourse. An expert evaluation by an instructor of argument supports the claims for possible educational use. Some features of the design are shown to have application in existing cooperative work systems.

Conict, No Conict, Common Interests, and Mixed Interests in 2 2 Games

Learner Control = Decision Making + Information: A Model and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Educational Computing Research, 1994

Research into the effectiveness of learner control in tutorial computer assisted instruction has ... more Research into the effectiveness of learner control in tutorial computer assisted instruction has produced equivocal results. In order to analyze these results, learner control is defined within a general model of decisions and information in instructional systems. When the research is categorized according to this model, the effectiveness of learner control is confirmed and a preliminary conclusion concerning the importance of information is reached. A case is made for an instructional design focus in learner control research based on model building rather than hypothesis testing.

Toward a Topological Treatment of the Non-strictly Ordered 2� 2 Games

The 2 × 2 games, the the simplest of all games, serve as the workhorses of applied game theory. R... more The 2 × 2 games, the the simplest of all games, serve as the workhorses of applied game theory. Robinson and Goforth[10] introduced a systematic, topologically-based treatment of the relations among the 144 2x2 strictly ordinal games, but there is no systematic general treatment that includes games with ties. This paper introduces a systematic topologically-based approach to the the entire set of 1413 ordinal games. The nonstrictly ordinal 2 × 2 games are located relative to the strict-ordinal games, some properties of the topological space are described and a small sampling of observations based on the method is provided.

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Visualisation and computer assisted learning: the role of videodiscs

British Journal of Educational Technology, 1992

Visualisation is a powerful tool in research; visual, dynamic and interactive representations hel... more Visualisation is a powerful tool in research; visual, dynamic and interactive representations help learners using simulations and microworlds to gain qualitative understanding of concepts. Recorded video can bring reality to computer assisted learning. The author argues that the two approaches, while complementary, are not entirely compatible; that is, the use of video images in simulations often implies a trade-off against qualitative modelling power. Appropriate roles for video are discussed in the light of this contention.

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LEPUS: A Language to Support Student Initiative Learning in Non-mathematical Domains

AEDS Journal, 1984

Peitho : a tool to support critical thinking

A new generic model of the structure and process of critical thinking is proposed. This model is ... more A new generic model of the structure and process of critical thinking is proposed. This model is the basis for a software tool which permits the representation of a variety of specific models of critical thinking. The tool is an environment that supports the development and analysis of arguments, it also supports the teaching and learning of critical thinking skills. The usefulness of the program is established across a variety of critical thinking activities for a range of users from learner to expert in various domains of discourse. An expert evaluation by an instructor of argument supports the claims for possible educational use. Some features of the design are shown to have application in existing cooperative work systems.

Counting successes in three billion ordinal games

Using a combination of mathematical analysis and exhaustive enumeration by computer modeling, we ... more Using a combination of mathematical analysis and exhaustive enumeration by computer modeling, we investigate social efficiency in the play of two-person, ordinal games. Our results might inform the debate on a question such as this: If players expect to participate in a series of two-person games of randomly varying payoff structure, what decision rule should they choose? Which strategies are

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The topology of the 2×2 games. A new periodic table

Graphs and Groups for the Ordinal 2× 2 Games

Although there are several typologies for the 2x2 ordinal games (Rapoport and Guyer (3), Rapoport... more Although there are several typologies for the 2x2 ordinal games (Rapoport and Guyer (3), Rapoport, Guyer and Gordon (4), and Brams (5) for example), relationships among the games are poorly understood. We present a preference- based topology that provides the first systematic framework for describing and analyzing the 2x2 games. We show that natural groupings of games appear as proper

Toward a Topological Treatment of the Non-strictly Ordered 2× 2 Games

The 2× 2 games, the the simplest of all games, serve as the workhorses of applied game theory. Ro... more The 2× 2 games, the the simplest of all games, serve as the workhorses of applied game theory. Robinson and Goforth(10) introduced a systematic, topologically-based treatment of the relations among the 144 2x2 strictly ordinal games, but there is no systematic general treatment that includes games with ties. This paper introduces a systematic topologically-based approach to the the entire set

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The Ecology of the Space of 2× 2 Social Dilemmas

ecology n. 1. The division of biology that treats of the relations betwe en organisms and their e... more ecology n. 1. The division of biology that treats of the relations betwe en organisms and their environment. 2. Sociol. The study of human populations in terms of physical environ- ment, spatial distribution, and cultural characteristics . Funk & Wagnalls Canadian College Dictionary, 1986. Do experiments with a single Prisoner's Dilemma payoff matr ix apply to all PDs? Do they

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Draft Complex Behaviour in Challenging Social Situations

Social situations can be modeled as games with payoff struc- tures. The complexity of the situati... more Social situations can be modeled as games with payoff struc- tures. The complexity of the situation emerges from the pattern of pay- offs. Inferring the outcome of the game from the payoff matrix is the conventional approach to describing, predicting or prescribing behaviour of participants. This approach makes a strong assumption of rationality of the players and suffers from other drawbacks as well. While Nash (8) proved a mixed equilibrium always exists, this appealing universality comes at a price. Mixed equilibria are not a natural and credible model of decision-making behaviour. Indeed, it has been shown that efficient algorithms to compute mixed equilibria likely do not exist for all games. (3) The pure Nash equilibrium, a more appealing model of behaviour, fails on universality: a subset of games - and a growing proportion as the number of players and choices increases - do not possess a pure Nash equilibrium. Miller (5),(6) describes unpublished research in which he took a ...

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Effective choice in all the symmetric 2 × 2 games

Synthese, 2012

Solution concepts for game play implicitly assume what information is relevant for choosing moves... more Solution concepts for game play implicitly assume what information is relevant for choosing moves. Maximin and Eliminating Dominated Strategies use payoff order; mixed strategies and Harsanyi's risk dominance use payoff values. "Cooperative" strategies use previous choices, ignoring payoffs altogether. We first define the 12 symmetric 2 × 2 games as a continuous payoff space then use this space to evaluate strategies based on different types of information. Strategic success is shown to be sensitive to actual payoffs and seldom consistent for all games of an ordinally defined category such as Chicken. A new hybrid strategy using both payoff and choice information is introduced and shown to produce efficient outcomes in all symmetric 2 × 2 games when employed by both players. It does well in evolutionary tournaments against strategies of other types, especially in the difficult distribution games including Battle-of-the-Sexes.

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Public Communication of Climate Change Science: Engaging Citizens Through Apocalyptic Narrative Explanation

by David Goforth and Philippa Spoel

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 10572250802437382, Dec 23, 2008

... Between facts and values: Print media coverage of the greenhouse effect, 19871990 ... demand... more

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