Papers by Fanindra Neupane
The birth of the Bodhisatta Siddhartha is a significant event for the Buddha Sāsana. There are tw... more The birth of the Bodhisatta Siddhartha is a significant event for the Buddha Sāsana. There are two aspects to analyze this event: 1. The historical aspect and 2. The philosophical aspect. While we attempt to analyze the birth of the Bodhisatta Siddhartha from the historical aspect, we have to rely on archaeological evidences. At that time our attention is directed towards the Asokan Pillar in Lumbini, which has marked this place as the birth place of the Bodhisatta Siddhartha (hidabudhe jāte sakkamuniti) 1 for more than 22 hundred years. The continuous progress in excavation of this place has brought forth further evidence to support Lumbini as Buddha's birthplace, but still these sources are not enough to account for the birth of the Bodhisatta and its spiritual significance. For this, the literary sources should be examined. The birth of the Siddhartha is depicted in different Pāli and Sanskrit texts, and furthermore, in the Chinese and Tibetan translations. The earliest accounts of the birth are found in two Pāli suttas i.e. Mahāpadāna Sutta and Acchariyābbhuta Sutta dated approximately around 3 rd century BC 2. Among other textual sources are the Mahāvastu (2 nd BC-4 th /5 th AD), Buddhacarita (1 st-2 nd AD), Lalitavistara (4 th-5 th AD), Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya (4 th-5 th AD), Mahāprajnāpāramitā Sāstra (Compiled in 4 th-5 th AD), and Pāli Nidānakathā (4 th-5 th AD), to name a few. These texts are elaborate illustrations of the Bodhisatta's residence in the Tusita realm: the Gods' announcement about his impending rebirth on earth, his teaching to Gods and crowning the successor Buddha Maitreya, his descent into Mayadevi's womb and his final birth on the earth.
Lumbini Prabha Journal, 2019
clewdf{ y{ ;ª\ u| xdf jl0f{ t cs' zn lrQsf] ljZn] if0ffTds cWoog-km0fLGb| s' df/ Gof} kfg] kl/roM... more clewdf{ y{ ;ª\ u| xdf jl0f{ t cs' zn lrQsf] ljZn] if0ffTds cWoog-km0fLGb| s' df/ Gof} kfg] kl/roM kfln clewd{ df k/dfy{ wd{ x¿nfO{ lrQ, r} tl;s, ¿k / lgjf{ 0f u/L rf/ v08x¿df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5. lrQ, r} tl;s / lgjf{ 0f gfd wd{ x¿ x' g\ eg] ¿k ¿k wd{ xf]. oL k/dfy{ wd{ x¿df kl/jt{ gzLn :jefj ePsf lrQ, r} tl;s / ¿k ;+ :s[ t wd{ x' g\ eg] ckl/jt{ gzLntfsf] sf/0f lgjf{ 0f c;+ :s[ t wd{ xf]. clewd{ u| Gyx¿df gfd / ¿kx?df lglxt nf} lss Pj+ k/nf} lss wd{ x¿sf] clGtd ;Tox¿sf] ljefhg tyf ljZn] if0f u/L k| :t' t ul/Psf] 5, h;nfO{ k/dfy{ wd{ elgG5. JolQmut Pjd\ ;fdflhs Jojxf/x¿sf nf] s wd{ x¿ h:t} JolQm, kl/jf/, ;dfh, /fi6« Pjd\ ltgdf k| o' Qm x' g] gfd, u' 0f cflb ljifoj:t' x¿nfO{ ;f+ j[ lts ;To jf k| 1lKt ;To elgG5. k/dfy{ wd{ cg' ;f/ x/] s k| f0fL gfd / ¿ksf] ;d' Rro l;jfo s] xL x} gg\. gfd wd{ cGtu{ t cg' e" lt ul/g] dfgl;s wd{ x¿ kb{ 5g\. h:t} , ljifofnDagnfO{ lrGg] dfgl;s wd{ lj1fg xf] eg] o;nfO{ d" Nofª\ sg ug] { wd{ ;+ 1f xf]. pQm d" Nofª\ sgsf] cfwf/df ;+ j] bgzLn x' g] wd{ nfO{ j] bgf elgG5 / dg k/] sf] jf gk/] sf] d" Nofª\ sgsf] cfwf/df k| ltlqmof u/L sd{ ;+ :sf/ lgdf{ 0f ug] { ] dfgl;s wd{ nfO{ ;+ :sf/ elgG5. oL dfgl;s wd{ x? hLljt k| f0fLdf ¿k wd{ sf] ;xf/f lnP/ pTkGg x' G5g\ / gi6 x' G5g\. hLjg 5pGh] n of] k| jfx rln/xG5 .
Lumbini Prabha, 2019
clewdf{ y{ ;ª\ u| xdf jl0f{ t cs' zn lrQsf] ljZn] if0ffTds cWoog-km0fLGb| s' df/ Gof} kfg] kl/roM... more clewdf{ y{ ;ª\ u| xdf jl0f{ t cs' zn lrQsf] ljZn] if0ffTds cWoog-km0fLGb| s' df/ Gof} kfg] kl/roM kfln clewd{ df k/dfy{ wd{ x¿nfO{ lrQ, r} tl;s, ¿k / lgjf{ 0f u/L rf/ v08x¿df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5. lrQ, r} tl;s / lgjf{ 0f gfd wd{ x¿ x' g\ eg] ¿k ¿k wd{ xf]. oL k/dfy{ wd{ x¿df kl/jt{ gzLn :jefj ePsf lrQ, r} tl;s / ¿k ;+ :s[ t wd{ x' g\ eg] ckl/jt{ gzLntfsf] sf/0f lgjf{ 0f c;+ :s[ t wd{ xf]. clewd{ u| Gyx¿df gfd / ¿kx?df lglxt nf} lss Pj+ k/nf} lss wd{ x¿sf] clGtd ;Tox¿sf] ljefhg tyf ljZn] if0f u/L k| :t' t ul/Psf] 5, h;nfO{ k/dfy{ wd{ elgG5. JolQmut Pjd\ ;fdflhs Jojxf/x¿sf nf] s wd{ x¿ h:t} JolQm, kl/jf/, ;dfh, /fi6« Pjd\ ltgdf k| o' Qm x' g] gfd, u' 0f cflb ljifoj:t' x¿nfO{ ;f+ j[ lts ;To jf k| 1lKt ;To elgG5. k/dfy{ wd{ cg' ;f/ x/] s k| f0fL gfd / ¿ksf] ;d' Rro l;jfo s] xL x} gg\. gfd wd{ cGtu{ t cg' e" lt ul/g] dfgl;s wd{ x¿ kb{ 5g\. h:t} , ljifofnDagnfO{ lrGg] dfgl;s wd{ lj1fg xf] eg] o;nfO{ d" Nofª\ sg ug] { wd{ ;+ 1f xf]. pQm d" Nofª\ sgsf] cfwf/df ;+ j] bgzLn x' g] wd{ nfO{ j] bgf elgG5 / dg k/] sf] jf gk/] sf] d" Nofª\ sgsf] cfwf/df k| ltlqmof u/L sd{ ;+ :sf/ lgdf{ 0f ug] { ] dfgl;s wd{ nfO{ ;+ :sf/ elgG5. oL dfgl;s wd{ x? hLljt k| f0fLdf ¿k wd{ sf] ;xf/f lnP/ pTkGg x' G5g\ / gi6 x' G5g\. hLjg 5pGh] n of] k| jfx rln/xG5 .
Lumbini Prabha Journal, 2020
Abhidhamma has analyzed citta, cetasika, rūpa and nibbāna as four ultimate realities (paramattha ... more Abhidhamma has analyzed citta, cetasika, rūpa and nibbāna as four ultimate realities (paramattha dhamma). Of these dhammas, citta and cetasika are nāma and rūpa is rūpa dhamma. These three dhammas are conditional dhamma, while nibbāna is unconditional dhamma. Abhidhamma has classified citta as eighty nine (one hundred and twenty one in detail) and cetasika as fifty two types. These two dhammas always arise and perish together in the process of cognizing an object, known as mental process. Abhidhamma literature has classified nāma dhamma as kusala, akusala, vipāka and kriyā by way of jāti (birth). Kusala citta are the consciousness originating with the wholesome roots such as alobha (generosity), adosa (goodwill) and amoha (knowledge). These consciousnesses sow the seed of kusala vipāka (meritorious resultants) for the upcoming period of time and can be generated by dāna, sīla and bhāvanā. Abhidhamma has mentioned about twenty four types of sense sphere wholesome consciousness of which eight types are wholesome rooted, eight types are wholesome resultants and eight types are functional consciousness (kiriya cittas) experienced by arhant persons. Kusala citta can be generated by the jhāna practitioners as well. Five types of rūpāvacara and four types of arūpāvacara jhāna cittas are kusala in nature. Similarly, their resultant nine cittas and the functional rūpāvacara and arūpāvacara consciousness experienced by the arhants are also kusala in nature. Supramundane consciousness is eight in types (forty types in detail). Of these consciousnesses, four are magga and four are phala cittas. All these cittas are also kusala by birth. The present research is an attempt to explore these kusala cittas as found in Abhidhamma.
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Papers by Fanindra Neupane