Papers by Dr. Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi (Assistant Professor, ESC)
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Mar 1, 2020
Since many household products used by individuals contain flame retardants (FRs), there is more c... more Since many household products used by individuals contain flame retardants (FRs), there is more chance that these chemicals may be present in the various exhibit of the indoor environment. Despite being one of the fastest-growing economies worldwide, the contamination level, sources, products, and pathways of FRs in India, is either not known or limited. This inspired us to investigate the level, profile, spatial distribution, and sources of different classes of FRs in the indoor air. For this purpose, 15 brominated, 2 chlorinated, and 8 organophosphate FRs (OPFRs) were investigated in indoor air samples from urban and suburban sites of an Indian state of Bihar. Additionally, inhalation health risk exposure to children and the adult was estimated to predict the risk of these chemicals. Overall, ∑ 8 OPFRs (median 351 pg/m 3 ) was the most prominent in air, followed by novel brominated FR (∑ 6 NBFRs) (median 278 pg/m 3 ), polybrominated diphenyl ether (∑ 9 PBDE) (median 5.05 pg/m 3 ), and dechlorane plus (∑ 2 DPs) (median 2.52 pg/m 3 ), and accounted for 55%, 44%, 0.8% and 0.4% of ∑FRs, respectively. Generally, ∑ 9 PBDEs (median 6.29 pg/m 3 ) and ∑ 8 OPFRs (median 355 pg/m 3 ) were measured high at sub-urban sites, while urban sites had the highest level of ∑ 2 DPs (median 2.81 pg/m 3 ) and ∑ 6 NBFRs (median 740 pg/m 3 ). BDE-209 was most abundant among ∑ 9 PBDEs, while syn-DP dominated in ∑ 2 DPs. Likewise, DBDPE was most prevalent in ∑ 6 NBFRs, while TMPP topped among ∑ 8 OPFRs. The principal component analysis revealed contribution from household items, food packaging and paints, hydraulic fluid, a gasoline additive, and de-bromination of BDE-209 as the primary sources of FRs. The estimated daily inhalation exposure (DIE) indicated a relatively high risk to children than the adult. The DIE of individual FR was several folds lower than their corresponding oral reference dose (RfDs), suggesting minimal risk. However, exposure risk, especially to children, may still need attention because other routes of intake may always be significant in the case of Bihar.
Environmental Pollution, Feb 1, 2018
While various investigations have been driven on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other... more While various investigations have been driven on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other flame retardants (FRs) in different framework around the world, information about contamination and fate of PBDEs and other FRs in developing countries especially in the Indian subcontinent is uncommon. Nepal being located in the Indian subcontinent, very little is known about contamination level of semivolatile organic pollutants discharged into the environment. This motivated us to investigate the environmental fate of halogenated flame retardant (HFRs) in Nepalese condition. In this study, we investigated the concentration, fate, and sources of 9 PBDEs, 2 dechlorane plus isomers (DPs), and 6 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). Moreover, air-soil exchange and soileair partitioning were also evaluated to characterize the pattern of air-soil exchange and environmental fate. In general, the concentrations of NBFRs in soil were more prevalent than PBDEs and DPs, and accounted 95% of P HFRs. By and large, the concentrations of NBFRs and DPs were measured high in Kathmandu, while PBDEs level exceeded in Pokhara. Principal component analysis (PCA) study suggested contributions from commercial penta-, octa-, and deca-BDEs products and de-bromination of highly brominated PBDEs as the significant source of PBDEs. Likewise, low f anti ratio suggested DPs in soil might have originated from long-range atmospheric transport from remote areas, while high levels of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in soil were linked with the use of wide varieties of consumer products. The estimated fugacity fraction (ff) for individual HFR was quite lower (<0.05) than equilibrium value, suggesting that deposition and net transport from air to the soil is overwhelming. Soil-air partitioning study revealed neither octanol-air partition coefficient (K OA ) nor black carbon partition coefficient (K BC-A ) is an appropriate surrogate for soil organic matter (SOM), subsequently, absorption by SOM has no or little role in the partitioning of HFRs.
Chemosphere, 2018
h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t Eight OPFRs detected in soil with 100% dete... more h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t Eight OPFRs detected in soil with 100% detection frequency. Very high concentration of TMPP; accounting for 35e49% of P OPFRs. Fugacity fraction indicated strong influence of soil pollution on air concentration. Weak correlation of TOC/BC with OPFRs suggested little or no role on soil OPFRs.
Science of The Total Environment, Feb 1, 2018
Elevated level of ∑OPEs was detected both in sediments and soil samples. • TMPP was most abundant... more Elevated level of ∑OPEs was detected both in sediments and soil samples. • TMPP was most abundant OPE in soil while TEHP exceed in sediments. • High level of OPEs in soil released from consumer materials and intensive traffic areas • Domestic sewage discharge and effluent from carpet industry was recognized as sources of OPE in sediments. • Dermal absorption of OPEs via soil is the primary pathway of human exposure.
Environmental Pollution, Oct 1, 2017
The present study was carried out in Nepal, a landlocked country located between world's two most... more The present study was carried out in Nepal, a landlocked country located between world's two most populous countries i.e. India and China. In this study, the occurrence, profiles, spatial distributions and fate of eight organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in indoor air and house dust. Overall, the concentrations of P OPFR were in the range of 153e12100 ng/g (median732 ng/g) and 0.32e64 ng/m 3 (median 5.2 ng/m 3 ) in house dust and indoor air, respectively. The sources of high OPFR in the indoor environment could be from locally used wide variety of consumer products and building materials in Nepalese houses. Significantly, high concentration of tri-cresyl phosphate (TMPP) was found both in air and dust, while tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) had the highest concentration in air samples. It might be due to fact that the high concentrations of TMPP are related to intense traffic and/or nearby airports. On the other hand, significantly high concentration of TEHP could be due to anthropogenic activities. Only TEHP showed positive correlation between indoor air and house dust (Rho ¼ 0.517, p < 0.01), while rest of compounds were either less correlated or not correlated at all. The estimated human exposure to P OPFR via different pathway of intake suggested dermal absorption via indoor dust as major pathway of human exposure to both children and adult population. However, other pathways of OPFR intake such as dietary or dermal absorption via soil may still be significant in case of Nepal.
Atmospheric Environment, Jul 1, 2017
Elevated level of brominated-and chlorinated-flame retardants (FRs) have been accounted in ambien... more Elevated level of brominated-and chlorinated-flame retardants (FRs) have been accounted in ambient air across the globe. Despite what might be expected, restricted information is available on PBDEs and other halogenated FR contained indoor air in whole of Indian sub-continent especially in case of Nepal, sandwiched between two most populous countries i.e. India and China. It was conjectured that the level of halogenated flame retardant (HFRs) in Nepalese air would be high because they have not been liable to control in Nepal; and henceforth there is more plausibility of HFRs to be available in a diverse array of goods and consumer products. This study therefore aims to measure the occurrence, spatial distributions and sources of 15 brominated-and 2 chlorinated-FRs in indoor air from four major cities of Nepal. The overall concentrations of HFRs ranged from 16.1-6750 pg/m 3 (median 334 pg/m 3 ).The total concentrations of novel brominated fire retardants (NBFRs) were 20 and 100 times (13.2-6270 pg/m 3 ) higher than PBDEs (2.2-353 pg/m 3 ) and DPs (0.67-129 pg/m 3 ), respectively indicating much higher usages of NBFRs in Nepal. The level of ∑PBDEs in air is identified with utilization of wide variety of consumers products and building materials containing FRs in Nepalese houses, while higher concentration of BDE-209 were subject to emission from materials containing deca-BDE formulation. Significantly higher concentrations of DBDPE than BDE-209 in air demonstrated a move to more prominent use of DBDPE as alternative to BDE-209.The lower f anti ratios suggests the DP level in this study was essentially affected by the long range atmospheric transport from remote DP source instead of commercial products. The exposure to BDE-47, -99, -153, -209 and HBB via inhalation was 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than corresponding RfD values, suggesting insignificant risk to Nepalese population. However, other modes of human exposure might still be significant in Nepal.
Chemosphere, May 1, 2018
h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t High level of P PAHs was detected in all fo... more h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t High level of P PAHs was detected in all four Nepalese cities. LMW-PAH concentrations were two folds higher than HMW-PAH concentrations. Biomass and coal combustions and vehicular emissions are the main source of PAHs. The estimated excess inhalation risk was greater in people living in plain areas than those in hilly areas.
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
The North–Eastern region of India is blessed with wide variability in rice. The present investiga... more The North–Eastern region of India is blessed with wide variability in rice. The present investigation was carried out with 41 diverse cultivars of rice collected from the farmers’ fields of Manipur and Assam to estimate the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence among the genotypes using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The germplasm consisted of the popular black rice and some glutinous and non-glutinous rice which are commonly grown in both regions. The experimental materials were evaluated during the Kharif season of 2020-2021, following a randomized block design with three replications at the experimental field of BN College of Agriculture, Biswanath Chariali, Assam. The genotypes exhibited significant differences for all 24 characters under study. The cluster analysis indicated that 41 genotypes were grouped under 12 different clusters and cluster IV was the largest comprising the maximum number of genotypes with 12 genotypes, followed by cluster V with eight genotypes, cluster X...
IJAR - Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2016
The present paper includes Zingiber roseum that has been reported for the first time from Manipur... more The present paper includes Zingiber roseum that has been reported for the first time from Manipur. Detailed description of the plant is provided. The plant was found growing with a small population as undershrub in evergreen forest margin of Imphal East district, Manipur.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to adopt online teaching for medical lear... more Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to adopt online teaching for medical learning. While there are undoubtedly benefits that online learning provides, the sudden transition to online teaching presented different challenges to the students as well as the teachers. The aim of this study is to explore the perception and experiences of medical undergraduates on online classes in the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 166 medical students in NEIGRIHMS who had exposure to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed after getting informed consent. SPSS 21 version software for Windows was used for data entry and analysis.Results: Eight in 10 of the students do not prefer online learning. Moreover, they believe that practical skills will not develop through online learning. They cite internet connectivity, device-related and software- related issues as the main difficulties t...
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020
An 8 month old castrated male crossbred pig was presented with complaint of hard swelling at the ... more An 8 month old castrated male crossbred pig was presented with complaint of hard swelling at the inguinal region with vomition and absence of defecation for the last five days. Physical examination and exploratory surgery confirmed a faecolith obstructing the inguinal hernial ring. Enterotomy with herniorrhaphy was done with post-operative treatments and uneventful recovery was observed after one week.
실내 환경에서 Lte 2×2 Mimo 기술의 안테나편파 다이버서티 성능 분석
The Indian electronics industry is one of the fastest growing industries and investments are flow... more The Indian electronics industry is one of the fastest growing industries and investments are flowing in to increase its manufacturing capacity. But, India is facing incremental challenges such as rising customer’s expectation, widening customerbase of existing ones, fluctuating demand, taxation, lack of infrastructure and intense competition. Thus, India needs to be more efficient in her key activities or processes to cope with the challenges. Lean manufacturing could be a solution in order to improve the performance in this competitive globalized market where uncertainty is prevalent. The purpose of this study is to examine the techniques of adopting lean, the tools implemented, the motivators, obstacles and challenges in adopting lean in Indian Electronics manufacturing industry. The data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire both online and off line, observations from the past studies, company reports and visits to the companies were also done. The results s...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2020
Background: Elderly in India suffers from both communicable and non-communicable diseases, also f... more Background: Elderly in India suffers from both communicable and non-communicable diseases, also functional independence reduces due to physiological changes. This study aims to determine the pattern of morbidity, functional ability in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and to assess any factors associated with ADL.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to April 2019 among 420 elderly aged 60 years and above residing in rural areas of Wangoi in Manipur. Probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method was used to select 6 villages out of 28 villages. A pre-tested interview schedule was used as study tool. Data were analysed using SPSS IBM statistics version 21 using mean, SD, proportion, chi-squared (χ²) test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed taking p-value<0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Some form of morbidity was reported by 49.1% of the respondents. The pr...
Conflict of Values: East and West in Bhabani Bhattacharya's A Dream in Hawaii
Journal of Literature Culture and Media Studies, Mar 21, 2012
Bhabani Bhattacharya's A Dream in Hawaii is a novel that shows the conflicting values of the ... more Bhabani Bhattacharya's A Dream in Hawaii is a novel that shows the conflicting values of the East and the West. Westerners love aestheticism and spiritualism of the Orientals and are fascinated by it. Spiritualism and human civilization are closely related. Bhattacharya has tried to give this point of view through this novel. Neeloy Mukherjee, turned Swami Yogananda, is a man who left India to teach Indian aestheticism in Hawaii. He settles there but something in him is making him restless and that is his love for Devjani, his former student. His love for Devjani is so strong that he comes back to India for her. The novel represents the clash of values through the characters present in the novel. The characters are the representations of the whole society. Swami Yogananda represents Indian Yogi, Philosophers and Gurus while characters like Walt Gregson, Dr. Vincent Swift, the western, wealthy and materialistic persons. Through this novel, Bhattacharya had also tried to point out the various social happenings in the East, basically India and the West. The way the Americans behave towards Indian living in the West is also discussed in the novel. Though the Americans have the urge to know more about Spiritualism, yet, they tend to mock at them. Walt Gregson, the American, is attracted towards Devjani and Yogananda is often challenged by them.
Diversity and utilization of tree species in Meitei homegardens of Barak Valley, Assam
Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2013
An inventory of tree diversity in traditional homegardens of Meitei community was conducted in a ... more An inventory of tree diversity in traditional homegardens of Meitei community was conducted in a Bontarapur village in Cachar district of Barak Valley, Assam. Meitei homegarden locally called Ingkhol exhibits a wide diversity in size, shape, location and composition. Seventy one tree species were enumerated from 50 homegardens belonging to 60 genus and 35 families. Among the families encountered, Rutaceae was the dominant family (4 genus and 7 species) followed by Meliaceae (5 genus and 5 species), Arecaceae (4 genus and 4 species) and Moraceae (3 genus and 5 species). Total 7946 tree individuals were recorded, with the density of 831 No ha(-1) of and total basal area of 9.54 m2 ha(-1). Areco catechu was the dominant species with the maximum number of individuals. Other dominant trees include Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Citrus grandis, Parkia timoriana, Syzygium cumini and Psidium guajava. Being a cash crop, the intensification of betel nut has been preferred in many...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2014
Zingiberaceae is one of the largest families of the plant kingdom with 53 genera and over 1300 sp... more Zingiberaceae is one of the largest families of the plant kingdom with 53 genera and over 1300 species. About 80 species are mainly distributed in Eastern Himalaya to Southern China, India and South-Eastern Asia, 22 genera and 178 species are recorded in India, 9 genera and 70 species in South India. Out of 19 genera and 88 species available in North East India, 42 species have been recorded from Manipur State. Out of which 24 species were recorded to have ethnomedicinal value in the valley districts of Manipur.
Frontiers in Environmental Science
Editorial on the Research Topic Legacy and emerging flame retardants as environmental pollutants:... more Editorial on the Research Topic Legacy and emerging flame retardants as environmental pollutants: occurrence, toxicity mechanisms, and control
Legacies of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Soil of China—A Review, and Cases in Southwest and Southeast China
Elsevier eBooks, 2018
Abstract China has a history of intensive application and production of organochlorine pesticides... more Abstract China has a history of intensive application and production of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) between the 1950s and the 1980s for agricultural use and vector control. Since the early 1980s, China began to ban the agricultural use of OCPs and then signed the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 2001. By 2009, most OCPs were eliminated for their production and use in China except for emergency cases. However, in recent years, residual OCPs have been detected in various environmental media, in large quantities in some areas. Therefore, this chapter briefly explains the origin and fate of OCPs in the environment and reviews the historical use of OCPs and their residual distribution in soil of China. Further, it reports case studies on the OCP distributions and some related influencing factors in the soils of the southwestern and southeastern parts of China.
Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Manipur of the Northeast India: Monitoring on Urban, Rural, and Mountain Sites
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, Dec 20, 2013
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Papers by Dr. Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi (Assistant Professor, ESC)