The impact of temporary iodine-125 interstitial implant boost in the primary management of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx
Head & Neck, 1997
To define the impact of interstitial boost of the oropharynx on local control and complications u... more To define the impact of interstitial boost of the oropharynx on local control and complications using iodine-125 (I-125) brachytherapy. Between October 1986 and September 1991, 19 patients with cancer of the oropharynx received treatment at William Beaumont Hospital. Primary tumors consisted of 13 base of tongue, 4 tonsillar, and 2 pharyngeal wall lesions. All patients received 45-66 Gy (median, 54 Gy) external beam irradiation to the primary and regional nodes, followed by an interstitial implant of 22-32 Gy (median, 25 Gy) with I-125. Median follow-up was 58 months (range, 12-89 months). Three patients failed within the tumor bed, for a 5-year actuarial rate of local control of 83% (T1/T2, 82%; T3/T4, 86%). Two of the three local failures were salvaged surgically, for an overall 5-year actuarial local control rate of 94%. The 5-year actuarial overall survival rate was 64%. Complications included one case of soft tissue ulceration and two cases of osteoradionecrosis, all managed conservatively. Patients with cancer of the oropharynx judged to be candidates for boosts with interstitial implants can be effectively treated with I-125. Local control was excellent, and complications were minimal.
This paper considers financial markets for uncertain cashflow streams when participants are avers... more This paper considers financial markets for uncertain cashflow streams when participants are averse to model or parameter uncertainty, or more generally averse to ambiguity. Motivated by the desire to better understand why it is difficult to sell rainfall insurance in the developing world, this paper provides theoretical foundations for a type of constraint on private insurance markets intuitively understood by practitioners but not yet satisfactorily incorporated into theory. It is argued that prudential requirements and information asymmetries cause financial institutions to be better modelled as ambiguity averse decision-makers than expected profit maximisers. The model presented also offers explanations for the almost exclusive use of traditional insurance policies which closely match the risk to be insured, and the absence of indexed products as suggested by Shiller (2003). * A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Specialist Applications Dissertation option (SA0) for the qualification of Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries. The word count, including all footnotes and references (but excluding equations) is 12, 170 words. An earlier version of this work, written to be read by academic economists, was submitted as a dissertation for the M.Phil. in Economics at Oxford University. I am indebted to my supervisors James Orr and Stefan Dercon for considerable guidance and encouragement. I am also grateful for helpful discussions with
International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, 2015
In this paper, we propose a Bernoulli filter for estimating a vehicle's trajectory under random f... more In this paper, we propose a Bernoulli filter for estimating a vehicle's trajectory under random finite set (RFS) framework. In contrast to other approaches, ego-motion vector is considered as the state of an extended target while the features are considered as multiple measurements that originated from the target. The Bernoulli filter estimates the state of the extended target instead of tracking individual features, which presents a recursive filtering framework in the presence of high association uncertainty. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed approach exhibits good robustness under real traffic scenarios.
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Papers by Daniel Clarke