Vol.1.3-Aug. 2015 by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)

Science Publishing Group, Jul 22, 2015
This work investigated audience perception of messages that contained synonyms. Some church membe... more This work investigated audience perception of messages that contained synonyms. Some church members opined that synonyms changed meanings of messages intended by Ministers of the Christian religion. The study was conducted among 161 church members drawn from six church ancillary groups in Madina, a suburb of Accra. The groups were selected from Orthodox, Pentecostal and Charismatic Churches in Madina. A qualitative approach was used in this study. It was found that sets of words used as synonyms did not make any much difference in meaning to the majority of the members in the audience nor did it have any significant effect on their perception of the messages preached from the pulpits. The work concludes that, so long as synonym use in the pulpits does not create any misunderstanding among the audience, its’ use by Ministers of the Christian faith will continue.

Science Publishing Group, Jul 23, 2015
This paper presents some key concepts in studying and analyzing the aspects of communication crit... more This paper presents some key concepts in studying and analyzing the aspects of communication critically. It has always been crucial and a complex phenomenon for the experts in the field of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to decode and deduce the meaning of a text through context. They examine and attribute language as a social process involving context to determine the meaning of an utterance to its producer and receiver. It has also been of great interest and enthusiasm for discourse analysts to explore and identify the underlying objective of meaning carrying an ideological message based on religious, sociopolitical, and historical assumptions. The discourse practitioners are seriously occupied with critical studies on revealing social inequality, power relations, and dominance operated through language (Wodak, 2001a). Critical studies have actively pursued such discursive practices of power dominance, the imposition of an ideology, and discrimination through text and talk. There have been important insights on sociopolitical and historical discourse serving the purpose at (macro and micro) levels of analysis (van Dijk, 1993). It suggests the use of conversation analysis, narrative analysis, rhetoric/stylistics, and media analysis. The underlying approach may be used to analyze the discourse of speeches delivered by renowned politicians, parliamentarians, and national leaders. Following van Dijk (1993) approach/model, this study aims to analyze a political speech, titled as ‘Pakistan and the Modern World’ made by the first Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan at the University of Kansas, United States of America.
Vol.1.2-jun. 2015 by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)

The term gender is relatively new in such disciplines as Sociology, Anthropology, Political Scien... more The term gender is relatively new in such disciplines as Sociology, Anthropology, Political Science, Sociolinguistics, let alone with Literary Linguistics. As opposed to sex which refers to biological characteristics, gender is culture based. Nowadays, it is actively recommended to include aspects of gender in whatever project we undertake. The present article is an attempt at probing the language used by male and female characters in Soyinka’s The Lion and the Jewel to see how gender issues are grounded in the play to let it play its didactic role. The aim is to pinpoint the way female and male are represented through a lexicogramatical analysis with a special focus on its transitivity system as suggested by Halliday (1994) to enter Wole Soyinka’s characters’ inner and outer world as they use language to enable them ‘to build a mental picture of reality, to make sense of what goes on around them and inside them’ (1994:106). That Soyinka considers or does not consider women or just recounts the situation of women in Yoruba traditional societies is what is at stake in this study.
The results of the investigation in the light of transitivity and Critical Discourse Analysis shows that Soyinka, consciously or unconsciously has represented male characters as strong, powerful and metaphorically as a lion, a symbol of irresistible power. They are also portrayed as initiator, doer of something, and commander in chief, the king while their female counterparts (Sidi, Sadikou) are represented as goals and/or beneficiaries of men’s actions and associated with processes of sensing and of emotion.
Science Publication Group
The research aims to investigate the Arabic folklore “HatimTai” to reveal its constructive elemen... more The research aims to investigate the Arabic folklore “HatimTai” to reveal its constructive elements at narrative levels. Propp’s narrative model is exercised as a theoretical framework. It’s a qualitative study and a descriptive method is applied. The selected Tale has all the constructive elements. functions are replicated more than two or three times. This world class story deals with ethics and morality. The research will be helpful for the future researchers who desire to conduct research on cultural folklore in Pakistani or other contexts.
Science Publishing Group
The study highlights English code-switching in Punjab Urdu textbooks. The research aims at findin... more The study highlights English code-switching in Punjab Urdu textbooks. The research aims at finding and categorizing Urdu-English code-switches. Another rationale behind the study is to present Urdu equivalents of the switches from an Urdu-English dictionary; for instance, adakar for actor and sayyah for tourist. Textbooks of 5th, 6th, 9th and 10th class are selected for data collection and analysis. A number of instances are observed at morpheme, word, phrase and clause levels. Data is analyzed qualitatively. The data analysis shows switches at all the mentioned levels. The researchers propose a revision of the existing textbooks in the light of the given equivalents and a careful scrutiny of the compilation of future textbooks to preserve the purity of Urdu language.
Vol.1.1- Apr. 2015 by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)
Science Publication Group, Apr 30, 2015
This qualitative-descriptive study highlights the semantic property of the slogans of TV commerci... more This qualitative-descriptive study highlights the semantic property of the slogans of TV commercials. The study focuses on the analysis of linguistic tools used by the copywriters of TV commercials to influence the target audience. Leech’s (1981) associative meaning with its sub-types provide a theoretical basis to the study. The research displays multiple strategies used by the copywriters. It underscores the associations attached to the keywords of the selected slogans according to the mentioned theory of meaning. The research helps the TV viewers to understand the guile used by the copywriters to entrap them as well as the researchers of the field of semantics.
Science Publishing Group, May 5, 2015
The present study shows factors responsible for poor English reading comprehension at secondary s... more The present study shows factors responsible for poor English reading comprehension at secondary school level students. The purpose of this study is to explore those factors and to suggest remedies how to strengthen English reading comprehension of the students. English is the 2nd language of Pakistani students and Kachru (1996) places it in the outer circle. Test and interviews are conducted to get the data. Different factors like poor command of vocabulary, habit of cramming, no interest to learn creativity in reading but the sole goal is just to pass the examination which are found responsible for poor English reading comprehension. Motivation to learn reading can develop reading comprehension skill of students.
Special Issue by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)
Since political discourse reflects the close relation between politics and language, it has attra... more Since political discourse reflects the close relation between politics and language, it has attracted many scholars’ attention at home and abroad. Therefore, English political public speaking (EPPS for short), the subcategory of political discourse, has been chosen as the subject of the study. Based on the findings of Kenneth Burke’s new rhetoric and classical rhetoric, the identification strategies of EPPS in John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address from the perspectives of rhetorical content and rhetorical form were probed. Since EPPS is always well-prepared rather than impromptu, the identification strategies via rhetorical content and form are always employed by the speaker to accomplish their purposes.
The study highlights the functional and semantic properties of the last address of the Holy Proph... more The study highlights the functional and semantic properties of the last address of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The
study is based upon Halliday’s (1985) SFL Mood analysis. The data obtained from the last address of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
are analyzed in tables. The analysis of 56 clauses reveals that 32 are declarative, 22 are imperative; whereas, only one is
interrogative clause. A brief discussion explains the functional structural meanings based on clausal Mood classification. The
study of the religious text discusses interpersonal metafunction of language. It highlights the power relations of the participants.
The study fills the gap of SFL based linguistic study of the religious texts. The research shall act as a torch light for young
researchers for further investigation in this regard.
Papers by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)
Science Publication Group, Apr 7, 2015
The study highlights the functional and semantic properties of the last address of the Holy Proph... more The study highlights the functional and semantic properties of the last address of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The study is based upon Halliday’s (1985) SFL Mood analysis. The data obtained from the last address of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) are analyzed in tables. The analysis of 56 clauses reveals that 32 are declarative, 22 are imperative; whereas, only one is interrogative clause. A brief discussion explains the functional structural meanings based on clausal Mood classification. The study of the religious text discusses interpersonal metafunction of language. It highlights the power relations of the participants. The study fills the gap of SFL based linguistic study of the religious texts. The research shall act as a torch light for young researchers for further investigation in this regard.

Science Publishing Group, Jul 23, 2015
This paper presents some key concepts in studying and analyzing the aspects of communication crit... more This paper presents some key concepts in studying and analyzing the aspects of communication critically. It has always been crucial and a complex phenomenon for the experts in the field of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to decode and deduce the meaning of a text through context. They examine and attribute language as a social process involving context to determine the meaning of an utterance to its producer and receiver. It has also been of great interest and enthusiasm for discourse analysts to explore and identify the underlying objective of meaning carrying an ideological message based on religious, sociopolitical, and historical assumptions. The discourse practitioners are seriously occupied with critical studies on revealing social inequality, power relations, and dominance operated through language (Wodak, 2001a). Critical studies have actively pursued such discursive practices of power dominance, the imposition of an ideology, and discrimination through text and talk. There have been important insights on sociopolitical and historical discourse serving the purpose at (macro and micro) levels of analysis (van Dijk, 1993). It suggests the use of conversation analysis, narrative analysis, rhetoric/stylistics, and media analysis. The underlying approach may be used to analyze the discourse of speeches delivered by renowned politicians, parliamentarians, and national leaders. Following van Dijk (1993) approach/model, this study aims to analyze a political speech, titled as ‘Pakistan and the Modern World’ made by the first Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan at the University of Kansas, United States of America.
Vol. 3- 2017 by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)

This article is a pragmatic analysis of the figurative language used by the Nigerian writer Buchi... more This article is a pragmatic analysis of the figurative language used by the Nigerian writer Buchi Emecheta in her novel " The Rape of Shavi " published in 1983. It is an attempt of interpretation of the implied meaning she conveys to her readers through allusions, metaphors, similes and symbols. The analyzed data were collected through a selection of some important instances of figurative language during the proofreading of the novel. The interpretations were made with the integration of references and presuppositions relating to the author's sociocultural and educational background that constitutes the contextual makeup of the novel. The analysis of the figurative language instances reveals that more is being communicated than written and that the intended message can only be uncovered by reaching beyond the bare linguistic structure. I concluded that the novel is a multiple layer literary work that requires from the reader, the possession of a shared knowledge with the author in order to reach an efficient interpretation that discloses the very message that lies beyond the words.
General semantics is a theory of the relationship between language and life, although has decline... more General semantics is a theory of the relationship between language and life, although has declined, but many theoretical ideas of general semantics still have certain practical significance. The fragmentation characteristics of we-media language bring certain negative effect for mass communication, general semantics advocates language should reflect the objective reality scientifically and accurately, this has certain reference significance to solve the problems of language in we-media communication. But because of the complexity of the theoretical system of general semantics, the feasibility of general semantics should be studied first, take the essence, to its dregs, then apply it in the mass communicate practice creatively.

Conspicuously, this research aimed to survey the oral narrative styles of advanced learners in li... more Conspicuously, this research aimed to survey the oral narrative styles of advanced learners in line with advanced organizers among boys and girls in order to find out that is there any specific matter among their oral narrates. Twenty male and female from advance level were attended in this research. Subjects narrated a memory by employing advanced organizers from the past orally. The study disclosed that being male or female is an important factor in the speaking part of each student. Girls were speaking without any stress and pause, because of their fluency in English and the high magnitude level of words they could illustrate their ideas and opinions but the boys could not explain well, maybe one factor was their shyness and the second was their lax in speaking during the classes. Female learners were speaking without any interruption with so many verbs, adjectives, coordinators, but the boys had so many interruptions during their speech and sometimes their pronunciation and grammar was wrong with more discourse markers.

Conspicuously, the purpose of this study was to survey the impact of subtitled cartoons on vocabu... more Conspicuously, the purpose of this study was to survey the impact of subtitled cartoons on vocabulary learning improvement among EFL learners. Furthermore, 40 upper-intermediate learners which were attending to English classes were chosen after taking a placement test as a proficiency to ensure their homogeneity. Participants were assigned into two experimental and control groups, namely: a first class received subtitled cartoons and the second class cartoons without any subtitles. The experimental group watched two cartoons with English subtitles according to the level of that class and the control group again watched those cartoons by turning off the Subtitles. Research included a pre-test and a post-test in both groups. Participants took a pre-test containing new words selected from the cartoons. After six treatment sessions, the post-test was administered to the groups. Data were analyzed and in order to find the differences between the experimental and control groups, the researcher conducted UNI-ANOVA and independent T-test. In conclusion, the findings showed that participants in the experimental group with subtitled cartoons performed significantly better and learned more new vocabulary compared to the control group. Subtitling was the significant type of enhancing learners' vocabulary knowledge.

A topic of paramount significance, yet underdeveloped in Translation Studies, is official transla... more A topic of paramount significance, yet underdeveloped in Translation Studies, is official translation. A fundamental problem that seems hazardous to the quality of official translation is deviant collocational structures produced by translators. Since official translationhas a highly significant stylistic and pragmatic part, any collocational errors can considerably affect the validity and readability of translations. The present researchaims tooffer a systematic study on the sources of collocationerrors made by certified translators. To do this, official texts and documents translated by the certified translators working at a number of translation bureaus of Shiraz, Iran, were investigated. The data collected were categorized according to Lie's model of error analysis, while the theoretical basis of the study was founded upon the assumptions of Functionalist linguistics. A statistical analysis of the data collected was also included. The findingsprovide some implications that can inspire future research both for the purpose of confirmation or exploration of newfindings.
Uploads
Vol.1.3-Aug. 2015 by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)
Vol.1.2-jun. 2015 by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)
The results of the investigation in the light of transitivity and Critical Discourse Analysis shows that Soyinka, consciously or unconsciously has represented male characters as strong, powerful and metaphorically as a lion, a symbol of irresistible power. They are also portrayed as initiator, doer of something, and commander in chief, the king while their female counterparts (Sidi, Sadikou) are represented as goals and/or beneficiaries of men’s actions and associated with processes of sensing and of emotion.
Vol.1.1- Apr. 2015 by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)
Special Issue by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)
study is based upon Halliday’s (1985) SFL Mood analysis. The data obtained from the last address of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
are analyzed in tables. The analysis of 56 clauses reveals that 32 are declarative, 22 are imperative; whereas, only one is
interrogative clause. A brief discussion explains the functional structural meanings based on clausal Mood classification. The
study of the religious text discusses interpersonal metafunction of language. It highlights the power relations of the participants.
The study fills the gap of SFL based linguistic study of the religious texts. The research shall act as a torch light for young
researchers for further investigation in this regard.
Papers by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)
Vol. 3- 2017 by Communication & Linguistics Studies (CLS)