Papers by Santiago Sainz Caparroso
This report delivers a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the global implementation of the ... more This report delivers a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the global implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the 2030 deadline approaches. The analysis incorporates the latest empirical data, peer-reviewed scholarship, and the findings of official international assessments. Evidence presented herein demonstrates that, whilst the SDGs have catalysed important gains in areas such as education access, child and maternal health, digital inclusion, and renewable energy adoption, the overall pace of progress remains manifestly insufficient to attain the targets in the remaining five years.
The academic analysis of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that invest in sustainable development focu... more The academic analysis of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that invest in sustainable development focuses on evaluating the effectiveness and credibility of investment vehicles that prioritize environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria. As sustainable investing has gained traction in recent years, driven by increasing global awareness of climate change and social justice issues, ETFs dedicated to sustainable development have emerged as a popular choice for investors seeking to align their financial goals with ethical values. The market for sustainable ETFs has expanded rapidly, with more than 500 funds available, attracting significant investments and prompting academic scrutiny regarding their impact on corporate behavior and sustainability practices. (2024-11-07)
Between 2020 and 2024, European consumer saving behavior underwent significant transformations in... more Between 2020 and 2024, European consumer saving behavior underwent significant transformations in response to unprecedented economic challenges, notably high inflation and the ongoing repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Inflation rates surged dramatically, peaking at 10.6% in October 2022, driven largely by rising energy and food prices, coupled with ongoing supply chain disruptions. This in- flationary environment prompted households across Europe to adopt more cautious financial strategies, leading to increased saving rates as consumers sought to navi- gate the uncertainties of the economic landscape. The interplay between consumer behavior, inflation, and economic stability has drawn attention from researchers, policymakers, and financial institutions alike, highlighting the notable shifts in financial practices during this tumultuous period. The analysis of saving behaviors during this timeframe reveals substantial de- mographic variations and influences stemming from socioeconomic factors. Younger populations, for example, displayed distinct saving tendencies compared to older age groups, with lower education levels correlating to heightened financial vulnerability. Moreover, regional disparities among European countries such as Poland, Ukraine, and Denmark reflect differences in financial literacy and educational access, shap- ing individuals' approaches to saving amid economic turbulence. This multifaceted picture underscores the importance of understanding how varying educational and socioeconomic conditions impact consumer saving habits, especially in the context of high inflation. (2025-01-17)
The Red Sea, a critical maritime corridor facilitating 12% of global trade, has become a focal po... more The Red Sea, a critical maritime corridor facilitating 12% of global trade, has become a focal point of geopolitical and economic instability due to Houthi-led disruptions. Since 2015, the Houthi insurgency in Yemen, backed by Iran, has escalated its attacks on commercial shipping, targeting vessels transiting the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Suez Canal. These disruptions have led to a 70% decline in Red Sea shipping traffic (December 2023–April 2024), a 30% surge in global freight rates, and rerouting costs adding $1 million per voyage via the Cape of Good Hope...
This report provides a detailed analysis of these sectors, their interconnections, and their i... more This report provides a detailed analysis of these sectors, their interconnections, and their impact on Argentina's overall economic trajectory. It also examines the regulatory frameworks, environmental considerations, and future projections for each sector, offering a comprehensive view of Argentina's economic landscape and growth potential.
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Papers by Santiago Sainz Caparroso