C. Kasse

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Papers by C. Kasse

Cryopedimentation on soft-sediment subsoils

Wurzburger Geographische Arbeiten, 1993

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Source-bordering aeolian dune formation along the Scheldt River (southern Netherlands – northern Belgium) was caused by Younger Dryas cooling, high river gradient and southwesterly summer winds

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences

The Younger Dryas cold period caused major changes in vegetation and depositional environments. T... more The Younger Dryas cold period caused major changes in vegetation and depositional environments. This study focuses on the aeolian river-connected dunes along the former, Weichselian Late Glacial, course of the Scheldt River in the southern Netherlands. Aeolian dunes along the Scheldt have received little attention, as they are partly covered by Holocene peat and marine deposits. The spatial distribution of the dunes is reconstructed by digital elevation model analysis and coring transects. Dunes are present on the high eastern bank of the Scheldt and in the subsurface of the polder area west of the Brabantse Wal escarpment. A reach-specific higher channel gradient probably caused a channel pattern change from meandering to braiding during the Younger Dryas. This enabled deflation from the braid plain and accumulation in source-bordering river dunes east of the incised and terraced, subsurface Late Pleistocene Scheldt valley. The age of the dune formation is established by pollen ana...

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Ouderdom en afzettingsmilieu van de pikklei-rekereklei ten noorden van Alkmaar (Kennemerland-Geestmerambacht)

Periglacial environments and climatic development during the Early-Pleistocene Tiglian stage (Beerse Glacial) in northern Belgium

Geologie En Mijnbouw, 1993

Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian deposition and soil formation in relation to the Late Palaeolithic Ahrensburg occupation, site Geldrop-A2, the Netherlands

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 2018

The lithostratigraphy, age and human occupation of the Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian successi... more The lithostratigraphy, age and human occupation of the Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian succession of a Late Palaeolithic Ahrensburg site in the excavation Geldrop-A2 (municipality of Heeze-Leende) have been investigated. The exposure revealed a stacked sequence of aeolian sand units and intercalated soils (Older Coversand II, Younger Coversand I (YCI), Usselo Soil, Younger Coversand II (YCII), Holocene podzol, drift sand). Fourteen optically stimulated luminescence dates on quartz and three radiocarbon dates provide the age control of the aeolian deposition (coversands, drift sand), landscape stability (soils) and human occupation. The upper part of the YCI unit was dated to the early Late Glacial. The well-developed Usselo Soil was formed during a phase of landscape stability during the late Allerød interstadial and onset of the Younger Dryas stadial. During the Younger Dryas, low aeolian dunes were formed locally (YCII), as a response to landscape instability due to cooling and ...

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Holocene development of the Dutch coastal plain; natural processes and human activity

General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public port... more General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

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Aardkundige waarden (geologie, geomorfologie, hydrologie) van de Babantse Wal: Excursiegids

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Influence of Organic Matter in Soils on Radar-Wave Reflection: Sedimentological Implications

Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2002

Soils are excellent reflectors of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) signals because of the ability o... more Soils are excellent reflectors of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) signals because of the ability of organic matter to hold water. In this paper, GPR profiles of an eolian sedimentary succession are combined with textural, dielectric, and moisture-retention characteristics to illustrate the influence of soil moisture on radar-wave reflection. Organic matter in this succession varies strongly, from Ͻ 0.15% for clean sand to 7% for the most prominent soil, whereas grain-size distributions are comparable. Moisture-retention curves show a complex relationship between suction potential (pF) and volumetric water content (). As a result of their uniform pore-size distribution, clean sand and weakly developed soils with Ͻ 1% organic matter experience a sudden loss of water between pF 1.5 and pF 1.8, going directly from saturated to almost dry conditions. In contrast, the most prominent soil shows a more gradual decrease in with increasing suction potential. It follows that the dielectric contrast between clean sand and this soil increases sharply above pF 1.5, reaches a maximum value at field-capacity conditions, and then decreases slowly. Synthetic GPR images for different suction potentials show that field-capacity conditions, when reflection coefficients are high, are favorable for tracing one single soil. Dry sediments are preferable when imaging widely spaced soils, whereas saturated sediments are best when imaging closely spaced soils.

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Late Weichselian fluvio-aeolian sands and coversands of the type locality Grubbenvorst (southern Netherlands): sedimentary environments, climate record and age

Journal of Quaternary Science, 2007

The Weichselian Late Pleniglacial and Lateglacial aeolian stratigraphy (Older Coversand I, Beunin... more The Weichselian Late Pleniglacial and Lateglacial aeolian stratigraphy (Older Coversand I, Beuningen Gravel Bed, Older Coversand II, Younger Coversand I, Usselo Soil, Younger Coversand II) in the southern Netherlands has been reinvestigated in its type locality (Grubbenvorst). Sedimentary environments have been reconstructed and related to their climatic evolution based on periglacial structures. In addition, 22 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages have been determined that provide an absolute chronology for the climatic evolution and environmental changes of the coversand area. From this work it appears that, prior to 25 ka fluvial deposition by the Maas dominated. After 25 ka fluvial activity reduced and deposition occurred in a fluvio-aeolian environment with continuous permafrost (Older Coversand I). This depositional phase was dated between 25.2 AE 2.0 and 17.2 AE 1.2 ka. The upward increase of aeolian activity and cryogenic structures in this unit is related to an increase of climatic aridity and a decrease in sedimentation rate during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The Beuningen Gravel Bed, that results from deflation with polar desert conditions and that represents a stratigraphic marker in northwestern Europe, was bracketed between 17.2 AE 1.2 and 15.3 AE 1.0 ka. Based on this age result a correlation with Heinrich event H1 is suggested. Permafrost degradation occurred at the end of this period. Optical ages for the Older Coversand II unit directly overlying the Beuningen Gravel Bed range from 15.3 AE 1.0 ka at the base to 12.7 AE 0.9 ka at the top. Thus this regionally important Older Coversand II unit started at the end of the Late Pleniglacial and continued throughout the early Lateglacial. Its formation after the Late Pleniglacial (LP) maximum cold and its preservation are related to rapid climatic warming around 14.7 ka cal. BP. The Allerød age of the Usselo Soil was confirmed by the optical ages.

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Late Glacial and Early Holocene evolution of the Maas, The Netherlands:Excursion guide for European Science Foundation, Workshop on "European river activity as a function of climatic changes during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene", Amsterdam, 15-17 October, 1992

Middle to Late Pleistocene faulting history of the Heerlerheide fault, Roer Valley Rift System, influenced by glacio-isostasy and mining-induced displacement

Quaternary Science Reviews, 2021

Abstract Faults of the Roer Valley Rift System (RVRS) are characterized by seismicity, scarps and... more Abstract Faults of the Roer Valley Rift System (RVRS) are characterized by seismicity, scarps and displaced fluvial terraces, showing that they are active. The Heerlerheide fault is part of the southern boundary fault system of the RVRS, the Feldbiss fault zone (FFZ). During the late 19th and first half of the 20th century coal was mined in the subsurface south of the FFZ. As a result, general subsidence, sinkholes, and fault scarplets appeared on the surface. One of the induced fault scarps coincides with the location of the Heerlerheide fault, indicating that the upper part of the fault was reactivated by the mining. A trench was opened across the fault to study the mining-induced fault reactivation as well as the tectonic fault displacement history. The Heerlerheide fault offsets a 340 ka Meuse river terrace overlain by loess and loess-like deposits of Eemian to Late Pleniglacial age, including the Rocourt soil, the Eben/Patina discordance and the Nagelbeek soil complex. At least three tectonic faulting events were reconstructed, which are most likely surface rupturing earthquakes. However, the two oldest displacements could represent multiple faulting events. The age of the youngest event is well constrained between 17 and 15 ka. The duration of the time interval between the penultimate and youngest events is at least 8 ky (the inter-event time is an important parameter for assessing seismic hazard). The vertical coseismic displacement of the youngest event was around ∼0.25 m; the estimated moment magnitude is around 6.2. This event is more or less synchronous with the age of events found in other fault trench studies of the FFZ. The timing is roughly contemporaneous with surface rupturing earthquakes along the northern boundary fault zone of the RVRS, the Peel Boundary fault zone (PBFZ), and a phase of volcanism in the nearby Eifel area, suggesting a common mechanism. The timing also corresponds to the start of the glacio-isostatic forebulge collapse, which has been invoked before to explain earthquake events in the RVRS, and in northern Germany and Denmark. Previous studies provided evidence for a Holocene surface rupturing earthquake with an offset of about 1 m at the Geleen fault in the Meuse valley on Belgian territory, taking place between 2.5 ± 0.3 and 3.1 ± 0.3 ka. The Geleen and Feldbiss faults on Dutch territory experienced faulting during the Late Glacial – Holocene. The incision and deposition history of a brook crossing these faults suggests an age around 7.5 ka for this event. However, in contrast, our results for the Heerlerheide fault show no evidence for Late Glacial – Holocene tectonic fault activity. We also observed 0.34 m of vertical displacement of the base of the plough layer, which corresponds to the amount to what was observed at the surface during the mining in 1936, indicating that no fault motions have occurred afterwards, despite re-flooding of the mines and consequent surface rebound. However, the fact that the fault was reactivated by subsurface mining shows that it is a weakness zone in the subsurface, and therefore fault reactivation might occur due to still ongoing rebound. In contrast to the tectonic fault displacement, the mining-induced offset was accompanied by downslope movement of the upper part of the hanging wall, resulting in splaying of the fault tip and crack formation.

Patterns in river channel sinuosity of the Meuse, Roer and Rhine rivers in the Lower Rhine Embayment rift-system, are they tectonically forced?

Geomorphology, 2021

Abstract The tectonic and fluvial setting of the Rhine-Meuse river system in the Lower Rhine Emba... more Abstract The tectonic and fluvial setting of the Rhine-Meuse river system in the Lower Rhine Embayment rift system is exceptionally well known. The 19th century, pre-regulation river courses of three rivers are used to study a postulated sinuosity response to faulting. The fault-perpendicular Meuse River shows patterns of sinuosity changes at different spatial scales. The large-scale (> 5 km) sinuosity changes are related mainly to the faulting-induced changes of the subsurface lithology, determining the bed and bank characteristics. However, at a smaller scale, some fault-related channel sinuosity anomalies are observed. The fault-parallel Roer River shows sinuosity changes related to a normal, non-tectonic longitudinal gradient change. Sinuosity patterns of the Rhine River are predominantly related to lithological differences and reduced incision rates. Sinuosity can thus be an indicator of tectonic motions, but gradient, subsurface lithology and river bank composition determine sinuosity as well. Therefore, a sinuosity change is no proof for fault activity. On the other hand, the absence of a sinuosity change does not imply inactivity of a fault at geological time-scales.

Interplay between climatic, tectonic and anthropogenic forcing in the Lower Rhine Graben, the Roer River

Geomorphology, 2019

. These different external forcing factors often operate simultaneously, making it difficult to e... more . These different external forcing factors often operate simultaneously, making it difficult to extract the effects of the individual forcings from the fluvial record. However, with detailed geological, climatological, biostratigraphical, and pedological reconstructions a main forcing factor can, most often, be recognised. Such a disentanglement of the external forcing factors is essential for distinguishing the effects of each individual forcing on river dynamics and planform change. In northwestern Europe, the planform response of fluvial systems to climate-related changes in precipitation, permafrost occurrence, vegetation cover and sediment supply have been studied extensively for the Weichselian Late Pleniglacial to Holocene time period. Generally, the cold stadials and glacial periods are associated with braided planforms. The warm interstadials and interglacial periods are, on the other hand, characterized by meandering river

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A Late Glacial surface rupturing earthquake at the Peel Boundary fault zone, Roer Valley Rift System, the Netherlands

Quaternary Science Reviews, 2019

Paleoseismological trenching studies constrain recurrence times and magnitudes of faulting events... more Paleoseismological trenching studies constrain recurrence times and magnitudes of faulting events and earthquakes on active faults. In a trench along the central part of the Peel Boundary fault zone (PBFZ), southeastern Netherlands, evidence was found for such a large faulting event that occurred around 14 ka. The event caused a fault scarp in unconsolidated sediments of ~1 m height. A colluvial wedge was formed next to the scarp. A second faulting event offsets this colluvial wedge by 0.2e0.1 m. This event can be tentatively dated at ~13 ka. During or immediately after the second event, a large clastic dyke intruded along the fault plane. The dyke is not faulted, but its emplacement did cause some minor thrust faulting around the injection. The sudden character of the main faulting event, the brittle deformation style of loam layers, the lack of growth faulting in the colluvial wedge, the clastic dykes and the flame structures demonstrate that the main faulting event was a surface rupturing earthquake. Based on the scarp height, the estimated moment magnitude is about 6.8 ± 0.3. Similar observations in a previous trench site suggest that the length of the surface rupture was at least 32 km. The earthquake took place during the Weichselian (Würmian) Late Glacial. This timing corresponds to the start of the glacio-isostatic forebulge collapse in the Netherlands. Glacio-isostatic movements have been invoked before to explain earthquake events in the Roer Valley Rift System in which the PBFZ is situated, and in northern Germany and Denmark. If these earthquakes can indeed be attributed to a collapsing forebulge, their ages should show a decrease in the direction of ice-sheet retreat. This might indeed be the case, as the ages decrease from 14 ka and 13 ka in this trench via 13e16 ka at the Osning Thrust Zone, NW Germany, to 12e14 ka in northern Denmark.

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Sedimentary architecture and optical dating of Middle and Late Pleistocene Rhine-Meuse deposits - fluvial response to climate change, sea-level fluctuation and glaciation

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw, 2005

Eight continuous corings in the west-central Netherlands show a 15 to 25 m thick stacked sequence... more Eight continuous corings in the west-central Netherlands show a 15 to 25 m thick stacked sequence of sandy to gravelly channel-belt deposits of the Rhine-Meuse system. This succession of fluvial sediments was deposited under net subsiding conditions in the southern part of the North Sea Basin and documents the response of the Rhine-Meuse river system to climate and sea-level change and to the glaciation history. On the basis of grain size characteristics, sedimentological structures, nature and extent of bounding surfaces and palaeo-ecological data, the sequence was subdivided into five fluvial units, an estuarine and an aeolian unit. Optical dating of 34 quartz samples showed that the units have intra Saalian to Weichselian ages (Marine Isotope Stages 8 to 2). Coarse-grained fluvial sediments primarily deposited under cold climatic conditions, with low vegetation cover and continuous permafrost. Finer-grained sediments generally deposited during more temperate climatic conditions w...

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High‐resolution optical dating of Late Holocene storm surge deposits – a showcase from Schokland (Noordoostpolder, the Netherlands)

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2018

High-resolution optical dating of Late Holocene storm surge depositsa showcase from Schokland (No... more

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Climate and base-level controlled fluvial system change and incision during the last glacial–interglacial transition, Roer river, the Netherlands – western Germany

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 2016

The fluvial development of the Roer river in the southeastern Netherlands and western Germany is ... more The fluvial development of the Roer river in the southeastern Netherlands and western Germany is presented for the Late Pleniglacial, Late-glacial and Early Holocene periods. Reconstruction of fluvial-style changes is based on geomorphological and sedimentological analysis. Time control comes from correlation to the pollen-based biochronostratigraphic framework of the Netherlands combined with independent optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages. At the Pleniglacial to Late-glacial transition a system and channel pattern change occurred from an aggrading braided to an incising meandering system. Rapid rates of meander migration, as established for the Late-glacial by optical dating, were likely related to the sandy nature of the substratum and the Late-glacial incision of the Meuse that resulted in a higher river gradient in the downstream part of the Roer. In the Roer valley the Younger Dryas cooling is not clearly reflected by a fluvial system response, but this may also be re...

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Late Quaternary tectonic evolution and postseismic near surface fault displacements along the Geleen Fault (Feldbiss Fault Zone–Roer Valley Rift System, the Netherlands), based on trenching

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 2003

In northwest Europe the pattern of earthquake distribution is correlated with known Quaternary fa... more In northwest Europe the pattern of earthquake distribution is correlated with known Quaternary faults. Excavation of fault scarps revealed that these fault zones have been active during the Late Pleistocene. In this paper we present the results of an exploratory trenching study across the Geleen Fault, part of the Feldbiss Fault Zone, the Netherlands. Middle Saalian fluvial deposits of the Meuse, overlain by local slope deposits, were excavated. The Geleen Fault has displaced the fluvial deposits by at least 5 meters. The upper layers of local slope deposits could be correlated across the fault and were all dated at approximately 15 ka B.P. This gives the opportunity to reconstruct the sequence of events that occurred about 15 ka ago. Liquefactions provide evidence for an earthquake event. However, the main offset along the Geleen Fault is not stratigraphically related to the liquefactions. The liquefactions and the fault offset are stratigraphically separated by a period of erosion...

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Predictive Modelling of Younger Dryas Archaeological Remains in Southern Flevoland (Central Netherlands)

Multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary research in Landscape Archaeology, 2016

In this research locations are selected in southern Flevoland (central Netherlands) which are mos... more In this research locations are selected in southern Flevoland (central Netherlands) which are most likely to contain archaeological remains dating to the Younger Dryas (YD) (12,700 cal BP). To map and determine these locations two steps are performed: 1) The Pleistocene surface of southern Flevoland is classified into landforms using a GIS application based on the Topographic Position Index. 2) Data on the geomorphological setting and the distance to the nearest freshwater source of well-dated YD archaeological sites in the Northwest European Plain are extrapolated to the study area. The inductive predictive model indicates that elevated areas in close proximity to a freshwater source have the highest probability to contain YD archaeological remains. For potential Federmesser remains a maximum distance of 1500 m from the Eem fluvial system is estimated and for potential Ahrensburgian remains a maximum distance of 2500 m. The areas with potential YD archaeological remains constitute less than 10% of the total study area. The detailed and well-preserved Pleistocene surface in the study area, combined with potentially well-preserved YD remains due to the Holocene sediment cover, is of major importance for future studies on landscape exploitation by prehistoric hunter-fisher-gatherers. Reconstructing landscape exploitation opens up new avenues to study subsistence economy, settlement patterns and spatial organisation of past societies.

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Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions: a tribute to the career of Jef Vandenberghe (editorial)

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 2012

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