Conference Presentations by Bernard Faye
5th ISOCARD Conference proceedings, Laâyoune, Morocco, Nov 15, 2018
Aim: Study was designed and implemented at university of Khartoum to investigate the effect of ca... more Aim: Study was designed and implemented at university of Khartoum to investigate the effect of camel milk mixed with camel urine and camel urine alone on hematological parameters of albino rats.
Materials and Methods: 30 Wister Albino rats of both sexes weighing 85-105 g were brought and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (control group) received normal saline, group 2 rats received fresh urine from young female camel (Bekra) (6 month up to 2 years old) at 1ml/100gm body weight, group 3 administered with an early morning fresh milk collected from different female camels mixed with the fresh camel urine which collected as mentioned in group 2 by a percentage of (1:1) at the rate of 2ml/100g. All treatments given by an oral intubation, experiment lasts for 29 days then rats were euthanized, clinical signs and post-mortem findings were recorded, Blood samples were obtained from the orbital plexus of rats on day zero, day 15 and on day 29 of the experiment, we put it into dry clean bottles with anticoagulant for analyzing activities of hematological parameters which include haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), and red blood cells (RBCs) counts, beside red blood cell indices which include, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Data were entered and analyzed using SAS statistical package. Numerical data were expressed as means and standard errors.
Results: The mean values of PCV fluctuate within normal range in all groups and showed no significant difference between the test and control groups in all days of the experiment, while the mean values of Hb showed significant decrease in group 2 (urine group), also the mean values of RBC showed significant decrease in group 2 (urine group) while there's no significant change in all other groups. The mean values of MCV showed significant increase in group 2 (urine group) and group 3(milk and urine), While values of MCH showed fluctuating differences in all groups. We found that MCHC values showed significant decrease in all groups specially in group 3 (milk and urine) in which the decrease was more significantly throughout the experimental period compared to other groups.
Conclusion: Hematological effects of camel's milk and urine mixture were recorded, and this could be attributed to its nutrient activity because our trial approved that camel's milk could be useful in supporting and enhancing blood parameters but in the other hand camels urine could have a negative impact by decrease it.
Papers by Bernard Faye
International Journal of Livestock Research, 2019
Slaughter stress responses were evaluated in the dromedary camel by analyzing hematocrit (Hct), n... more Slaughter stress responses were evaluated in the dromedary camel by analyzing hematocrit (Hct), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hemolysis (H%), catalase activity (CATa) and plasma levels of cortisol (COR), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA). Blood was collected during three different steps: at the arrival of the animals at the slaughterhouse just after unloading (step 1), at the end of a rest period of 16 to 20 hours (step 2) and finally during bleeding (step 3) after exposure to traditional slaughter stress. NLR, H%, MDA, glucose, COR, T3 and T4 measured at step 2 were significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to those observed at step 1 or step 3. On the contrary, CATa measured at step 2 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that analyzed at steps 1 and 3. In the camel, the slaughter procedure used here was much more stressful and was able to alter the physiology of the animal.
Animals
The freezing point degree of milk (FPD) is a classical indicator of cow milk quality. In camel mi... more The freezing point degree of milk (FPD) is a classical indicator of cow milk quality. In camel milk, few references are available in the literature regarding the main factors of variation. In the present paper, two methods of FPD determination were used: the Reference method (RM) (using Cryostar) and the Express method (EM), using a milk analyzer (Milkoscan-FT1). The RM was used to determine FPD in 680 bulk raw or pasteurized camel milk samples. Regarding EM, 736 individual milk samples, 1323 bulk samples, 635 samples of pasteurized milk and 812 samples of raw milk used for cheese making were available. The variability of FPD was investigated according to month, lactation stage, milk composition, milk production and microbiological status. Correlations between methods were explored. FPD was highly correlated with most of the milk components and tended to decrease in cases of high contamination by coliforms or high total flora count. However, the weak significant correlations between...
International Journal of Dairy Science
Background and Objective: Adulteration of dairy products by substitution of milk fat by vegetable... more Background and Objective: Adulteration of dairy products by substitution of milk fat by vegetable oil is common in the Eurasian Economic Union. The objective of the paper is to investigate the potential adulteration of the fat and to test the more convenient methods of detection, i.e., determination of fatty acids or sterols profiles in commercial butter and cream. Materials and Methods: Ten samples of commercial butter and 8 samples of commercial sour cream were collected on the national market of Kazakhstan. The analyses involved the original sour cream and butter without any modification (deep-freezing) and were achieved within the shelf-life period. The fatty acid composition was analyzed by GS-FID and Sterol fractions were analyzed by GS-MS. Statistical analysis was achieved by principal components analysis (PCA), Pearson types, Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Sixty percent of the butter samples contained traces of phytosterols and one sample contained up to 78% $-sitosterol. In sour cream samples, only three contained 100% cholesterol while two contained more than 60% sitosterol. The detection of fat adulteration by analyzing the fatty acids patterns is convenient in case of massive substitution of milk fat, but a discrete substitution does not modify the fatty acids profiles leading to misinterpretation. The results exhort to give preference to sterol profile determination as an official method to detect fat adulteration in dairy products. This is even more important as the current standard used in Central Asia based on some fatty acids ratios can lead to incorrect conclusions.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2011
Par sa faculté à se développer dans des espaces très diversifiés (du désert à la forêt tropicale)... more Par sa faculté à se développer dans des espaces très diversifiés (du désert à la forêt tropicale) et parfois restreints (hors-sol) ou dans des milieux agroécologiques extrêmes (haute montagne, désert), l'élevage constitue une opportunité et une sécurité alimentaire et économique pour une grande diversité de groupes sociaux. Il est aussi un marqueur socioculturel de nombreuses sociétés du Sud.
Animals
Myostatin (MSTN) is a highly conserved negative regulator of skeletal muscle in mammals. Inactiva... more Myostatin (MSTN) is a highly conserved negative regulator of skeletal muscle in mammals. Inactivating mutations results in a hyper-muscularity phenotype known as “double muscling” in several livestock and model species. In Camelus dromedarius, the gene structure organization and the sequence polymorphisms have been previously investigated, using Sanger and Next-Generation Sequencing technologies on a limited number of animals. Here, we carried out a follow-up study with the aim to further expand our knowledge about the sequence polymorphisms at the myostatin locus, through the whole-genome sequencing data of 183 samples representative of the geographical distribution range for this species. We focused our polymorphism analysis on the ±5 kb upstream and downstream region of the MSTN gene. A total of 99 variants (77 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and 22 indels) were observed. These were mainly located in intergenic and intronic regions, with only six synonymous Single Nucleotide Poly...
Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux
Cent quatre-vingt-seize chameliers ont été interrogés dans 23 villages accessibles par route dans... more Cent quatre-vingt-seize chameliers ont été interrogés dans 23 villages accessibles par route dans les districts de Bikaner et de jaisalmer au Rajasthan de juillet à septembre 1997. Les questions ont concerné la gestion de l'élevage camelin et l'utilisation des animaux. Les méthodes et les paramètres discriminants ont été identifiés par des analyses multivariées classiques utilisant le logiciel SPAD et assignés à des classes déterminées en vue de réaliser une typologie des systèmes d'élevage. Cinq classes d'activités et de revenus des propriétaires de dromadaire ont été identifiées : fermiers riches (47 %), fermiers modestes (25 %), activités d'élevage prépondérante (19 %), grandes familles (6 %) et éleveurs pauvres sans terre (3 %). Quatre classes de structure des troupeaux on été déterminées : troupeaux de taille moyenne (40 %), grands troupeaux pluriespèces (28 %), troupeaux mâles uniquement (27 %) et troupeaux femelles uniquement (5 %). Six classes d'objec...
HUMP BIOPSY ON LARGE CAMELIDS (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus)
Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2013
Composed essentially of adipose tissue containing a high proportion of fat, the hump is a particu... more Composed essentially of adipose tissue containing a high proportion of fat, the hump is a particularity of the camel. The collection of hump fat by biopsy is an easy way for monitoring the composition of fat storage or for the follow-up of xenobiotic lipophilic molecules. The method of biopsy is described. It was tested in dromedary and bactrian camel and can be used repetitively without risk for the animal to sample approximately 1g of tissue in kinetic studies. (Resume d'auteur)
The present work was conducted to study the preparation process of fermented camel milk (locally ... more The present work was conducted to study the preparation process of fermented camel milk (locally named as gariss) according to camel herders. A questionnaire was designed to collect information including methods for using starter, daily type of starter used, use of spices as well as duration of the fermentation. In addition, supplementary variables which had a potential effect on the quality of gariss were taken in account. The results indicated four types of farms according to gariss preparation process: 1) use of gariss without any added spice (27.59%), 2) addition of spices at least once per month and use of previous day gariss (41.38%), 3) use of gariss and spices with less than 12 h for fermentation (13.79%) and 4) use of a spices for the preparation of the first gariss and fermentation time exceeding 12 h (17.24%). The study indicated three types of farmers according to the quantity of camel milk transformed to gariss: 1) transformation of almost all milk and a preference for ...
Introduction Selenium (Se) is a group VI element with chemical properties very similar to those o... more Introduction Selenium (Se) is a group VI element with chemical properties very similar to those of sulfur, it has been demonstrated as an essential element for ruminants. Selenium is required to prevent deficiency diseases such as white muscle disease, maintain growth rates of young animals and promote reproductive performance. Camel sensitivity to trace element imbalances has been reported (Faye and Bengoumi, 1994). Selenium is generally considered a highly toxic element and selenium toxicity may occur in camels through incorrect diet formulation or prolonged oral exposure to elevated dietary selenium (Se) in forage. The objectives of the current study were to determine effects of graded levels of soldium selenite intake on camel performance and to provide preliminary data on camel selenosis (clinical symptoms and lesions).
Science journal of business management, 2014
Farming system is a new technique for Camel production in arid and sem-arid regions, two experime... more Farming system is a new technique for Camel production in arid and sem-arid regions, two experiments were conducted on sixteen camel calves, each experiment included eight calves, they were selectedafter calving directly Camel Research Centre and Zakiet Modern Farm in Khartoum Khartoum, Sudam. To investigate on new technique of restricted suckling of calves in order to evaluate technical effect on daily weight gain of calves for sixteen weeks under semi-intensive system, in addition to assess the impact of dam age and parity on calves growth rate from birth to four months of age under intensive system. The difference of birth weight between calves of two experiments not significantly (P0.05). High weight gain (P0.05) was observed in fourth week of restricted calves compared to that freely calves that attributed to early adaptability of restricted calves on feed concentrated. In the end of experiment, the technique of restricted suckling was not effect (P0.05) on daily weight gain of...
1Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 av. Al Farabi, 050038 Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2UR AFPA, Uni... more 1Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 av. Al Farabi, 050038 Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, INRA-USC 340, 54505 Vandoeuvre cedex, France 3CIRAD Département Environnements et Sociétés, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA C-DIR / B, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France stefan.jurjanz@univ-lorraine.fr Moldir Nurseitova1, Gaukhar Konuspayeva1, Cyril Feidt2*, Bernard Faye3, Stefan Jurjanz2
Variability in body measurements of Bactrian Camels in South Kazakhstan. Оңтүстік Қазақстандағы бактриан түйелерінің дене өлшемдерінің өзгеруi. Изменение промеров тела у двугорбых верблюдов Южного Казахстана
The aim of the present paper was to give a short description of the body measurements of double-h... more The aim of the present paper was to give a short description of the body measurements of double-humped camels in South-Kazakhstan, and to evaluate the changes of these body measurements along the lactation. In the frame of one experiment, four Bactrian camels were monitored and their body measurements regularly reported. The hump weight was estimated and the links with the body weight were assessed. Жұмыстың негiзгi мақсаты Оңтүстiк Қазақстандағы екi өркештi түйенiң дене пiшiмiнiң өзгерiсi және лактация кезiнде дене өлшемiнiң өзгерiсiн бағалау туралы қысқаша анықтама беру. Эксперимент барысында, екі өркештi төрт түйенiң дене пiшiмi алынды. Өркешi және дене салмағы бағаланды. В данный статье рассмотрены измерения промеров тела двугорбых верблюдов в Южном Казахстане и дана оценка изменениям промеров тела в период лактации. Во время эксперимента у четырех двухгорбых верблюдов были взяты промеры тела. Оценивались вес горба и масса тела.
Demarrees en 1999, les activites du projet anterieur au FSP actuel (Concertation agricole et renf... more Demarrees en 1999, les activites du projet anterieur au FSP actuel (Concertation agricole et renforcement des filieres) ont permis de collecter un grand nombre de donnees zootechniques, sanitaires et economiques, largement traitees, mais insuffisamment valorisees, les informations ayant ete rassemblees dans la plupart des cas par des stagiaires ou un CSN (J. Chalimbaud) qui n'ont pas eu le temps et l'opportunite dans le cadre strict de leur stage ou de leur sejour de les valoriser au mieux. S'il existe quelques documents de vulgarisation en langue locale (hygiene de la traite, lutte contre la brucellose et la tuberculose) qui ont ete largement distribuees, la valorisation scientifique reste faible. Actuellement deux articles sont soumis a diverses revues, l'un sur les strategies economiques des producteurs de lait de la region de Mbarara, l'autre sur les resultats de l'enquete prevalence tuberculose-brucellose. La presente mission avait pour principal objecti...
The study aimed to determinate the mechanisms of bioaccumulation and decontamination of Polychlor... more The study aimed to determinate the mechanisms of bioaccumulation and decontamination of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in the body of two-humped camels Camelus bactrianus, following an oral exposure. The experiment has been carried out in Sozak region of South Kazakhstan. Four lactating two humped camels (Camelus bactrianus) received 0.8 mg of indicator PCBs (Aroclor 1254, 1.3 μg/kg body weight) during two months and followed by a 4-month decontamination period. Milk and hump fat of experimental camels have been sampled. Milk samples were analyzed using a liquid-liquid and hump fat using solid extraction by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method. Concentrations of PCBs in milk and hump reached a plateau at the end of the 2 months exposure period. Transfer rates into milk ranged between 2 for PCB 101 and 71 % for PCB 180 of the daily dose, which was generally lower than rates observed in ruminants. In the same time, the most important part of the contaminants has been sto...
Organohalogen compounds, 2014
1 Department Ecology and Energy, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi avenue, 05004... more 1 Department Ecology and Energy, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi avenue, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 2 Al-Kharj FAO Camel project, Center for agriculture project P.O.Box n°761 Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia; 3 CIRAD-ES. Campus international de Baillarguet. TA C/112A, 34398 Montpellier. France; 4 INRA-URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la forêt-de-Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre cedex, France; 5 al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, laboratory “Ecology of Biosphere”, 96A Tole bi street, 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Ecological and epidemiological roles of camels: lessons from existing and emerging viral infectio... more Ecological and epidemiological roles of camels: lessons from existing and emerging viral infections The Programme Against African Trypanosomosis ADVANCES Field Epidemiology Training Programme for Veterinarians: strengthening disease intelligence on emerging and transboundary animal diseases A laboratory information management system for Africa Epidemio-surveillance and mapping of transboundary animal diseases and zoonoses at the wildlife/livestock/human interface in Zimbabwe IN ACTION Emergence of lumpy skin disease in Asia and Europe Eastern Africa regional roadmap for the control and eradication of peste des petits ruminants: support from strong epidemiology and laboratory networks NEWS Expert panel meeting on developing socio-economic guidelines for the Progressive Control Pathway for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, 13-15 May 2015, Rome
The effect of Management system on growth rate and daily gain in one humped Sudanese camels calve... more The effect of Management system on growth rate and daily gain in one humped Sudanese camels calves were investigated, twenty four (24) camel calves (12 males and 12 females) at the first day of birth were selected, from the Sudanese Arabi Kababish bred. Camels’ calves with their dams were maintained under semi-intensive and Traditional management system for 18 successive months. Calves in semi-intensive system in addition of their suckling of their respective dams they take supplementation diets (one kg of concentrate/head/day), ad libtium watering, health care and spraying weekly against ticks and external parasite. The live body weight of camel calves were obtained through direct weighing in 6 months interval, through four periods including birthday, 6 month, 12 months and 18 months. The results indicated that there was non-significant difference (P>0.05) in Birth weight of calves raised under semi-intensive and traditional system. In both systems the male (39 ± 0.31 kg) is sig...
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Conference Presentations by Bernard Faye
Materials and Methods: 30 Wister Albino rats of both sexes weighing 85-105 g were brought and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (control group) received normal saline, group 2 rats received fresh urine from young female camel (Bekra) (6 month up to 2 years old) at 1ml/100gm body weight, group 3 administered with an early morning fresh milk collected from different female camels mixed with the fresh camel urine which collected as mentioned in group 2 by a percentage of (1:1) at the rate of 2ml/100g. All treatments given by an oral intubation, experiment lasts for 29 days then rats were euthanized, clinical signs and post-mortem findings were recorded, Blood samples were obtained from the orbital plexus of rats on day zero, day 15 and on day 29 of the experiment, we put it into dry clean bottles with anticoagulant for analyzing activities of hematological parameters which include haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), and red blood cells (RBCs) counts, beside red blood cell indices which include, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Data were entered and analyzed using SAS statistical package. Numerical data were expressed as means and standard errors.
Results: The mean values of PCV fluctuate within normal range in all groups and showed no significant difference between the test and control groups in all days of the experiment, while the mean values of Hb showed significant decrease in group 2 (urine group), also the mean values of RBC showed significant decrease in group 2 (urine group) while there's no significant change in all other groups. The mean values of MCV showed significant increase in group 2 (urine group) and group 3(milk and urine), While values of MCH showed fluctuating differences in all groups. We found that MCHC values showed significant decrease in all groups specially in group 3 (milk and urine) in which the decrease was more significantly throughout the experimental period compared to other groups.
Conclusion: Hematological effects of camel's milk and urine mixture were recorded, and this could be attributed to its nutrient activity because our trial approved that camel's milk could be useful in supporting and enhancing blood parameters but in the other hand camels urine could have a negative impact by decrease it.
Papers by Bernard Faye