Papers by Asfand yar khan
Energies, Dec 16, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Research Square (Research Square), Feb 9, 2021
While the state of sanitation in Pakistan has improved in the last decade, a signi cant proportio... more While the state of sanitation in Pakistan has improved in the last decade, a signi cant proportion of its population is still using inadequate sanitation or no toilet facility at all. Open defecation has decreased over the years; however, it has been replaced by poor quality sanitation in rural areas that might still cause diarrhoea and undernutrition. The research regarding inadequate sanitation in Pakistan, especially in terms of the sanitation ladder, remains limited. The present research thus lls this research gap by assessing the impact of different types of sanitation on the prevalence of stunting and underweight (moderate as well as severe) among under-ve children in Pakistan using the nationally representative micro survey, Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18). The sanitation ladder comprises of Piped to Sewer (highest level, base) followed by Flush to Septic Tank, Flush to Pit Latrine, Other Improved, Unimproved Sanitation, and Open Defecation. In order to estimate the adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios of the determinants, this research uses logistic regressions are used to estimate adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios of the determinants. We show that toilets connected to piped sewerage network are rare in the rural areas of Pakistan and a large segment of the rural population is still practicing open defecation. The logistic regressions show that piped sewerage network and ush to septic tanks are associated with lowest odds (both adjusted and unadjusted) of stunting and underweight among underve children. In multivariate regressions, pit latrines are associated with even higher adjusted odds of severe and moderate and severe stunting as well as underweight among under-ve children, showing that poor quality pit latrines may bring the source of faecal contamination to the doorstep of the households. Therefore, interventions targeting reduction in open defecation should promote good quality toilets for sustainable long-term improvements in child health.
Forman journal of economic studies, Dec 31, 2022
The study's objective is to investigate the willingness of consumers to pay for alternate fuel so... more The study's objective is to investigate the willingness of consumers to pay for alternate fuel sources, such as fixed charge electricity connections, in the Neelum district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The data was collected through a survey using questionnaires from four villages in the Neelum district in 2018. Questionnaires were collected from three hundred and fifteen household representatives, out of which two hundred and twenty-five questionnaires were selected. Thirty questionnaires were excluded as household representatives were not permanently residing in the area. Neelum district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir is blessed with natural resources such as forest, water, minerals, etc. Households generally use wood as a fuel source. Using exploratory analysis and a binary logistic model, the study revealed that consumers with higher income and expenditure on fuel are more inclined to pay for fixed charged electricity connections. Furthermore, households with a high level of education were also ready to pay for fixed charged electricity connections. We also concluded that old and young consumers have almost the same preferences. Government should initiate awareness campaigns to educate residents about the conservation and protection of the forest.
Energies
Aerodynamic lift force acting on the solar structure is important while designing the counterweig... more Aerodynamic lift force acting on the solar structure is important while designing the counterweight for rooftop-mounted solar systems. Due to their unique configuration, the load estimated for solar structures using international building codes can be either higher or lower than the actual. Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulations haveproven to be an efficient tool for estimating wind loads on solar panels for design purposes and identifying critical design cases. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations usually require high computation power, and slight changes in geometry to find optimum configuration can be time-consuming. An optimization method to minimize lift force effects on solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays installed on rooftops usesthe Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)and genetic algorithms proposed in this paper. The tilt angle and pitch between two rows of solar panels were parameterized, and a genetic algorithm was used to search for aconfiguration resulting in ...
While the state of sanitation in Pakistan has improved in the last decade, a significant proporti... more While the state of sanitation in Pakistan has improved in the last decade, a significant proportion of its population is still using inadequate sanitation or no toilet facility at all. Open defecation has decreased over the years; however, it has been replaced by poor quality sanitation in rural areas that might still cause diarrhoea and undernutrition. The research regarding inadequate sanitation in Pakistan, especially in terms of the sanitation ladder, remains limited. The present research thus fills this research gap by assessing the impact of different types of sanitation on the prevalence of stunting and underweight (moderate as well as severe) among under-five children in Pakistan using the nationally representative micro survey, Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18). The sanitation ladder comprises of Piped to Sewer (highest level, base) followed by Flush to Septic Tank, Flush to Pit Latrine, Other Improved, Unimproved Sanitation, and Open Defecation. In order to ...
Journal of Poverty Investment and Development, 2015
The study estimates the condition of Pakistan's external debt using the three gap models i.e., Tr... more The study estimates the condition of Pakistan's external debt using the three gap models i.e., Trade Deficit, Fiscal Deficit and Saving-Investment Gap. The main findings of the paper suggest that there are a number of financial problems in Pakistan's economy, which have weakened the financial muscle of the country. The shortfalls are financed by external debt which is created severe negative impact on Pakistan's economy. Pakistan has plenty of problems which have contributed to this aid and debt dependency. The financial crises started from 9/11 which forced Pakistan to be a key ally to United States. All this deteriorated economy by fiscal deficits, capital flight, decreased FDI and increasing trade deficits every year. Certain debt indicators have also examined which magnify the worst financial crises in Pakistan's economy. Each and every Pakistani has now been trapped in a debt trap with a total amount of more than Rs. 9 Trillion, where additional debts and aids are the only source for the government to meet its expenses.
Relationship between mutual fund flows, stock market return and the economy: evidence from Pakistan
International Journal of Financial Services Management, 2020
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Papers by Asfand yar khan