The Mahanadi River is an interstate (Chhattisgarh and Odisha) river in India that flows for 851 k... more The Mahanadi River is an interstate (Chhattisgarh and Odisha) river in India that flows for 851 kilometers, 357 of which are in Chhattisgarh. It is the lifeline of Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The Mahanadi River Basin (MRB) in Chhattisgarh covers an area of 75,136 km 2 . This paper provides a detailed database on water demand and use, LULC changes, biodiversity, pollution status, and man-made structures, such as dams/ reservoirs, built in the Mahanadi river basin in Chhattisgarh. The significance of this overview paper stems from the fact that it improves river management and water distribution for various sectors in Chhattisgarh. Furthermore, it aids in the mitigation and adaptation to climate change, as well as the achievement of sustainable development goals.
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Jun 1, 2023
Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR), endowed with rich biological diversity and lush green vegetation ... more Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR), endowed with rich biological diversity and lush green vegetation in and around, makes it more unique. It is also an integral part of the Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) and has been identified as one of the important tiger reserves of the Central Indian landscape due to its connectivity with other protected areas and tiger reserves in neighboring landscapes. Vegetation mapping and monitoring are important to understand changes in ecosystem processes and associated temporal and spatial impacts. Pre-and post-monsoon IRS,
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Dec 29, 2022
India's broad network of protected areas, which encompasses 4.93% of the country's geographical a... more India's broad network of protected areas, which encompasses 4.93% of the country's geographical area, is exposed to immense anthropogenic pressures that can create an imbalance and also hinder the prime objective of wildlife conservation and protection. The present study assesses some of these problems in relation to the Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR). The main anthropogenic influence in ATR is the presence of eighteen core villages, five buffer villages, and 49 fringe villages in the periphery of the reserve area. The population density of the core zone was higher (16.0 people/km 2) as compared to the buffer zone (7.41 people/km 2). Another important disturbance in the protected area is state highway 8 which bisects the entire core zone into two halves. This highway also connects the neighboring state of Madhya Pradesh and there is the continuous movement of traffic, which hampers the smooth movement of wild animals. ATR also has a wide network of tourist roads of 192 km passing through the core zone. The average population density of livestock in ATR is relatively high compared to the average population of wild ungulates. It creates competition between wild ungulates for food, and they are also under constant threat of infectious diseases. The livestock depredation by apex predators is one of the major reasons for man-wildlife conflict in ATR. The cattle kill incidences by both the apex predator (tiger and leopard) was 378 during the period of three years (2015 to 2018) and these incidences were recorded more in the core zone as compared to the buffer zone. In the present study, anthropogenic effects on ATR have been studied and evaluated. It concludes that for effective management and conservation of tigers in ATR, these aspects need to be considered. To restore the tiger population in ATR, there must be a proper balance between human (anthropogenic) approaches and conservation benefits for the effective sustainability of the protected areas.
The Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR) is an integral part of the Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Res... more The Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR) is an integral part of the Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) with a total area of 914.017 sq. km. The Maniyari River, which flows through the reserve, is known as its life line. It originates from the core zone (Sihawal sagar) of ATR and merges in the Seonath River of the Mahanadi Basin. It flows about 105 km through Mungeli and Bilaspur districts. This river supplies its catchment area with water seasonally (6-8 months) and flows more than half of its length (about 60 km) within the protected area. Its catchment area has a rich biodiversity of tree species such as Shorea robusta, Terminalia tomentosa, Diospyros melanoxylon, Adina cordifolia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Madhuca indica, Anogeissus latifolia, Dendrocalamus strictus etc. A geospatial analysis was performed to understand the course of the Maniyari River within the ATR area over a fourteen year period between
Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Aug 12, 2022
Dams and reservoirs are constantly threatened by sedimentation and human interference. The presen... more Dams and reservoirs are constantly threatened by sedimentation and human interference. The present study focuses on decadal variation of Khudia dam built on the Maniyari River in the Mungeli district of Chhattisgarh. IRS P6, LISS III satellite imagery for the years 2004 and 2013 has been used. During the year 2004, area covered by water was 53.57% which was reduced to 33.15% by 2013. Fluctuation in the spatial extents of the river bed has also been associated to the change in the water level/ rainfall. It has been observed that the agricultural land has appreciated over time (2.43%) while the cover of barren land has decreased. The LULC maps created will enable the local decision makers to adopt better land use planning and appropriate use and management of the region's water bodies.
Ecology, Environment and Conservation, May 31, 2022
Geomorphology its geology and soil are the three important geoheritage elements of any protected ... more Geomorphology its geology and soil are the three important geoheritage elements of any protected area. Natural environment of a protected area comprises of both biodiversity and geodiversity. Presence of biodiversity of any protected area depends on its geodiversity. Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR) is situated at the Mikal hills is an important part of Central Indian landscape and is characterized by its unique biodiversity. It is an integral part of Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve and provides shelter to numerous endangered floral and faunal biodiversity. The area is characterized by diverse landscape where the elevation varies from 305-1080 m above mean sea level. Major geological formations of the reserve area are metamorphic rocks followed by Gneiss-Granitoid Complex and Deccan trap. The dominant soil type is clayey coarse followed by fine loamy. The luxuriant growth of Shorearobusta in the area is due to well drained sandy loam soil. The study area represents as excellent natural laboratory to test the geodiversity influence on the landscape aspect and evolution. Maniyari river which flows upto 62 km through ATR is seasonal river and fulfill the major water requirement. Remote Sensing& GIS techniques have been used to analyse the land use land cover pattern and its tree species diversity presence in the ATR area. Rich diversity of tree species have been observed with Sal (Shorearobusta) as the dominating tree species.
International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 2023
Urbanization, industrialization, technological development and changes in human lifestyles have l... more Urbanization, industrialization, technological development and changes in human lifestyles have limited access to nature, wildlife and green spaces in and around us. The present paper provides an overview of the benefits of the natural environment in order to connect each individual with it and thus improve the quality of life. Research attempts to examine the importance of natural environment for the individual. The research also clarifies the responsible influence of technology and digital lifestyle. The research targets the community participants (N=100), which includes college students (62%), working professionals (22%) and non-working groups (16%). 82% of the population agreed that nature reduces stress. The study also reported that the time spent outdoors is longer on weekends compared to weekdays. 45% of the sample population spends less than 5 hours/day on digital screens (mobile phones, laptops, television etc.). 6% of the population do not have digital screens of which 4% are from non-working groups especially older people and 2% from low-income professionals.
The Mahanadi River is an interstate (Chhattisgarh and Odisha) river in India that flows for 851 k... more The Mahanadi River is an interstate (Chhattisgarh and Odisha) river in India that flows for 851 kilometers, 357 of which are in Chhattisgarh. It is the lifeline of Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The Mahanadi River Basin (MRB) in Chhattisgarh covers an area of 75,136 km2.This paper provides a detailed database on water demand and use, LULC changes, biodiversity, pollution status, and man-made structures, such as dams/ reservoirs, built in the Mahanadi river basin in Chhattisgarh. The significance of this overview paper stems from the fact that it improves river management and water distribution for various sectors in Chhattisgarh. Furthermore, it aids in the mitigation and adaptation to climate change, as well as the achievement of sustainable development goals.
The present study aims to assess the surface coal mining dominated land use land cover (LULC) cha... more The present study aims to assess the surface coal mining dominated land use land cover (LULC) changes concerning the Pakri Barwadih Coal Mining Project (PBCMP) and its surrounding buffer areas in Hazaribagh, Jharkhand. The central mining area covers an area of 39.50 km 2 , while the surrounding 2 km and 10 km buffer area including mining area covers 107.06 km 2 and 622.88 km 2 , respectively. Five different land use classes i.e. agriculture land, forest cover, mining area, barren land, built-up area, and water bodies in the mining area and adjacent area were analysed for six/ years, i.e., from 2016 to 2022. The changes were detected on a three-year intervals using IRS satellite LISS-IV images. This research depicts the present LULC scenario and the impact of mining on the landscape. In the mining area, there is a drastic reduction in agricultural land (41.26%) and forest land (28.23%). The waste land area recorded sharp increase in mining area (857.13%) and its 2 km surrounding area (138.84%) and 10 km buffer area (119.17%). The increase in built up area recorded for 2 km buffer area was 106.79%, whereas 61.06% for 10 km buffer area. It is expected to reduce the burden on policymakers to prepare an efficient mines development plan and meet sustainable development goal (SDG) 15 (Life on land). The paper highlights the importance of digital change detection techniques for nature and location of the change of the mining area.
Comparative Assessment and Monitoring Changes in NDVI of Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR) and its Buffer Zone, India
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR), endowed with rich biological diversity and lush green vegetation ... more Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR), endowed with rich biological diversity and lush green vegetation in and around, makes it more unique. It is also an integral part of the Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) and has been identified as one of the important tiger reserves of the Central Indian landscape due to its connectivity with other protected areas and tiger reserves in neighboring landscapes. Vegetation mapping and monitoring are important to understand changes in ecosystem processes and associated temporal and spatial impacts. Pre- and post-monsoon IRS, LISS III, and AWiFS satellite data from 2000, 2004, 2008, 2010, and 2013 were used for the present study. This paper is an attempt to examine the variation in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of ATR and its buffer zone on a seasonal and temporal basis. Climate conditions such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, etc. play an important role in the growth and development of healthy vegetation....
The Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR) is an integral part of the Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Res... more The Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR) is an integral part of the Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) with a total area of 914.017 sq. km. The Maniyari River, which flows through the reserve, is known as its life line. It originates from the core zone (Sihawal sagar) of ATR and merges in the Seonath River of the Mahanadi Basin. It flows about 105 km through Mungeli and Bilaspur districts. This river supplies its catchment area with water seasonally (6-8 months) and flows more than half of its length (about 60 km) within the protected area. Its catchment area has a rich biodiversity of tree species such as Shorea robusta, Terminalia tomentosa, Diospyros melanoxylon, Adina cordifolia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Madhuca indica, Anogeissus latifolia, Dendrocalamus strictus etc. A geospatial analysis was performed to understand the course of the Maniyari River within the ATR area over a fourteen year period between 2000 and 2013. Imagery from Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite 1D a...
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Dec 29, 2022
India's broad network of protected areas, which encompasses 4.93% of the country's geographical a... more India's broad network of protected areas, which encompasses 4.93% of the country's geographical area, is exposed to immense anthropogenic pressures that can create an imbalance and also hinder the prime objective of wildlife conservation and protection. The present study assesses some of these problems in relation to the Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR). The main anthropogenic influence in ATR is the presence of eighteen core villages, five buffer villages, and 49 fringe villages in the periphery of the reserve area. The population density of the core zone was higher (16.0 people/km 2) as compared to the buffer zone (7.41 people/km 2). Another important disturbance in the protected area is state highway 8 which bisects the entire core zone into two halves. This highway also connects the neighboring state of Madhya Pradesh and there is the continuous movement of traffic, which hampers the smooth movement of wild animals. ATR also has a wide network of tourist roads of 192 km passing through the core zone. The average population density of livestock in ATR is relatively high compared to the average population of wild ungulates. It creates competition between wild ungulates for food, and they are also under constant threat of infectious diseases. The livestock depredation by apex predators is one of the major reasons for man-wildlife conflict in ATR. The cattle kill incidences by both the apex predator (tiger and leopard) was 378 during the period of three years (2015 to 2018) and these incidences were recorded more in the core zone as compared to the buffer zone. In the present study, anthropogenic effects on ATR have been studied and evaluated. It concludes that for effective management and conservation of tigers in ATR, these aspects need to be considered. To restore the tiger population in ATR, there must be a proper balance between human (anthropogenic) approaches and conservation benefits for the effective sustainability of the protected areas.
The strategic importance of fresh water for global water and food security will probably intensif... more The strategic importance of fresh water for global water and food security will probably intensify under climate change which worsen the situation as it leads to increased frequency and intensity of climatic extremes such as flood, drought, cyclone, heat/ cold waves, alteration in water cycle, water resources depletion, increased variability of precipitation, salt water intrusion in aquifers, increasing irrigation demand, decreasing soil moisture and rapid evaporation of surface water and many more. This review provides an insight about climate change and its impact on quantity and quality of water, water scarcity on a global scale with emphasis on Indian water resources, its availability and conservation strategies to mitigate water scarcity. Global warming resulting in climate change is expected to account for about 20% of the global increase in water scarcity. Global water consumption has increased six fold in last century and in coming decades is expected to grow rapidly. By 202...
Dams and reservoirs are constantly threatened by sedimentation and human interference. The presen... more Dams and reservoirs are constantly threatened by sedimentation and human interference. The presentstudy focuses on decadal variation of Khudia dam built on the Maniyari River in the Mungeli district ofChhattisgarh. IRS P6, LISS III satellite imagery for the years 2004 and 2013 has been used. During the year2004, area covered by water was 53.57% which was reduced to 33.15% by 2013. Fluctuation in the spatialextents of the river bed has also been associated to the change in the water level/ rainfall. It has beenobserved that the agricultural land has appreciated over time (2.43%) while the cover of barren land hasdecreased. The LULC maps created will enable the local decision makers to adopt better land use planningand appropriate use and management of the regionâs water bodies.
Geomorphology its geology and soil are the three important geoheritage elements of any protected ... more Geomorphology its geology and soil are the three important geoheritage elements of any protected area.Natural environment of a protected area comprises of both biodiversity and geodiversity. Presence ofbiodiversity of any protected area depends on its geodiversity. Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR) is situatedat the Mikal hills is an important part of Central Indian landscape and is characterized by its uniquebiodiversity. It is an integral part of Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve and provides shelter tonumerous endangered floral and faunal biodiversity. The area is characterized by diverse landscape wherethe elevation varies from 305-1080 m above mean sea level. Major geological formations of the reserve areaare metamorphic rocks followed by Gneiss-Granitoid Complex and Deccan trap. The dominant soil type isclayey coarse followed by fine loamy. The luxuriant growth of Shorearobusta in the area is due to welldrained sandy loam soil. The study area represents as excellent natural...
We live in the times of climate change when global temperatures are constantly rising. The impact... more We live in the times of climate change when global temperatures are constantly rising. The impacts of climate change will also be felt in agriculture in Slovakia: increased productivity and yields in colder areas, reduced production in warmer areas due to temperature stress, risk of erosion as a result of more extreme weather conditions (stronger winds, more intense precipitation), the occurrence of new pests etc. Hence, we should be prepared for adaptation measures that would help mitigate it. The aim of this paper is to present the impacts of climate change on agriculture and land, and to offer adaptation measures, and show the prognosis of the climate indicator Ts >10 °C from now until 2100.
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Papers by Anupama Mahato