Anam Zahra

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Current advances in imaging spectroscopy and its state-of-the-art applications

Expert Systems with Applications

Exploring Circulating Tumor DNA (CtDNA) and Its Role in Early Detection of Cancer: A Systematic Review

Cureus

The Comorbidity of Endometriosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review

Cureus

Titanium doped cobalt ferrite fabricated graphene oxide nanocomposite for efficient photocatalytic and antibacterial activities

Chemosphere

Predictors That Identify Complications Such As Anastomotic Leak in Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review

Cureus

Selvamani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commo... more

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Does Type 2 Diabetes Increase the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Systematic Review

Cureus

Diabetes is associated with different types of cancers of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is... more Diabetes is associated with different types of cancers of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one among them. In a study comparing patients with diabetes to those who do not have diabetes, it was evident that the risk of HCC is found to increase twofold in diabetic than that in non-diabetic patients. It is clear that carcinogenesis is advanced due to diabetes in the liver by a variety of mechanisms. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles from 2010 to 2021 that have an association between diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and HCC. For the development of HCC, diabetes is likely related at both the molecular and epidemiological levels. Both diabetes mellitus and hepatic malignancy have the worst impact on mankind socioeconomically. There is a significant relationship between diabetes and HCC independent of alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis. It is noteworthy that not only the elderly but also people of all age groups should monitor their hemoglobin A1C levels. Diet restriction and lifestyle modification can reduce the risk of complications like HCC; the increased physical activity itself can have a major influence on health and can manage comorbidities like diabetes, NAFLD, and HCC.

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Association Between Dietary Habits and Depression: A Systematic Review

Cureus

Depression being the psychiatric condition with the highest societal costs in industrialized nati... more Depression being the psychiatric condition with the highest societal costs in industrialized nations, it is necessary to collect research information on the role of nutrition in depression in order to provide recommendations and guide future health treatment. Observance of healthy dietary practices has been linked to decreased depression symptoms; however, it is unknown whether this is attributable to some or all of the components. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of observational and systematic studies analyzing the association between dietary habits and depression in adolescents, adults, and older people. A variety of noncommunicable chronic illnesses and deaths have been linked to dietary and other lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity, cigarette use, and alcohol use. Several studies have found that older people are more likely to be malnourished and depressed, which can hurt their overall health and well-being. Early in life, proper nutrition is suggested as a factor that may have a significant impact on one's mental health. It is critical to identify changes in primary care practices in order to improve the quality of life and prevent complications. The systematic review included papers presenting human studies and published in English until January 2021, analyzing the association between dietary habits and mental health, while we studied a group of people of mixed ages. We included three systematic reviews, three cross-sectional studies, two cohorts, and one meta-analysis. According to the findings of our systematic review of observational studies, observational evidence suggests that both following a healthy diet, in particular incorporating vegetables and fruits, and avoiding a pro-inflammatory diet like junk foods, fast foods, and high meat intake may lower the risk of developing depressive symptoms or clinical depression. As a result, we recommend that the relationship between diet and depression should be investigated in prospective cohorts and randomized controlled studies that are well-designed and have more conclusive evidence regarding dietary involvement and depression.

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Two Stream Network for Stroke Detection in Table Tennis

arXiv (Cornell University), Dec 16, 2021

This paper presents a table tennis stroke detection method from videos. The method relies on a tw... more This paper presents a table tennis stroke detection method from videos. The method relies on a two-stream Convolutional Neural Network processing in parallel the RGB Stream and its computed optical flow. The method has been developed as part of the MediaEval 2021 benchmark for the Sport task. Our contribution did not outperform the provided baseline on the test set but has performed the best among the other participants with regard to the mAP metric.

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Enhancement of sensory attributes and mineral content of Sourdough bread by means of microbial culture and yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae)

Food Chemistry Advances

A Comparison of Different Surgical Treatments for Complex Anal Fistula: A Systematic Review

Cureus

Fistula-in-ano is a common proctological condition that primarily affects younger people and lead... more Fistula-in-ano is a common proctological condition that primarily affects younger people and leads to chronic morbidity. An anal fistula is divided into simple and complex fistulas. A complex fistula is a challenging problem due to higher recurrence rates and incontinence associated with surgery. Many new methods have been developed for the closure of complex fistula-in-ano, but there is no single best method. The aim of this study is to identify a superior surgical technique for treating complex/high cryptoglandular perianal fistulas (HCPFs). A literature search was done using PubMed and Google Scholar for the period of 2012-2021. Articles that contain surgical treatment for complex anal fistula in the English language published in the last 10 years were included. The types of studies included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort studies, and traditional reviews. Articles excluded were those done more than 10 years ago, in other languages, and containing simple fistula management only. Nine studies were included in the review; a systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that no single method is effective. The ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) procedure seems to be a promising and effective technique as it has a low rate of fecal incontinence as compared to other methods. Biological techniques give variable success rates so does fistula plug (FP). Mucosal advancement flap (MAF) and rerouting seton give good results according to one study. Fistula plug gives variable results and is not a preferred method. Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) seems to be a promising new technique for complex anal fistulas, but the data available is not enough to determine the best method. More randomized trials are required to compare traditional techniques and emerging new biological methods to see the best technique available.

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What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia?

Cureus

A tumor extends its effects beyond its local site, and one such effect is cancer cachexia which i... more A tumor extends its effects beyond its local site, and one such effect is cancer cachexia which is caused by a state of systemic inflammation in response to cancer. Though the prominent effect of cancer cachexia is seen on skeletal muscles, it shows deterioration in other organs' smooth muscle, adipose tissue, blood, bone marrow, liver, and immunity. Interleukin (IL)-6 plays an imminent role along with tissue necrosis factoralpha, IL-1 beta, interferon-gamma, myostatin, adiponectin, growth differentiation factor-15, activin A, etc. These cytokines through nuclear factor-kappa beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase, suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic, and Janus activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway activate genes inducing ubiquitin-proteosome system and reactive oxidative species. Apart from these, they participate in causing anemia and immunosuppression. Adipose tissue acts as a source of cytokines and place of action of cytokines leading to lipolysis. Moreover, these cytokines act at the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis change metabolism and add to anorexia which already exists in cancer patients. The involvement of multiple cytokines necessitates the development and testing of anti-cytokines in combinations.

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Eculizumab's Unintentional Mayhem: A Systematic Review

Cureus

Eculizumab, first-line therapy for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolyt... more Eculizumab, first-line therapy for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), has infectious side effects in addition to its therapeutic benefits. This study aims to discuss the mechanism of development of infections, prevention, and timely treatment to prevent complications such as septic shock and mortality. The study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist and reporting guidelines for systematic review. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. A total of 10 research papers were extracted after exploring Pubmed and Google Scholar from 2001 to 2021. The New Castle Ottawa Questionnaire for nonrandomized clinical trials and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool for case reports and case series were used to assess the risk of bias. The studies included in this systematic review describe infections with Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, unusual Neisseria species, Moraxella lacunata, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The main goal of this review is to impress upon the seriousness of the infectious complications associated with eculizumab. Health care providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for early identification and treatment.

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Safety and Efficacy of Injecting Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into a Human Knee Joint To Treat Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Cureus

Intraarticular stem cell therapy has become increasingly used to treat knee osteoarthritis (KOA) ... more Intraarticular stem cell therapy has become increasingly used to treat knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with minimal high-quality evidence to support its use. This study aims to see how well intra-articular injections of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) worked and how safe they were for individuals with KOA. A total of 10 studies were extracted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PMC from 2017 to 2021 in the English language. An assessment of the risk of bias was applied via the Cochrane Collaborative Bias Risk Tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Quality. Changes in pain and functional outcomes in patients with KOA were measured by a Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scores, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores at baseline, and follow-up evaluation criteria. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated using the whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS) and cartilage volume changes. A total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), three prospective retrospective clinical trials, and one retrospective clinical trial included 723 patients. They were diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral KOA with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 1-4 KOA and followed up for six, 12, and 24 months. The experimental groups received multipotent MSCs, mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), adipose tissue progenitor stem cells (AD-MPCs), adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), bone marrow aspiration (BMA), bone marrow aspiration concentration (BMAC), or micro fragmented adipose tissue (MFAT) while the controlled groups received normal saline (NS), hyaluronic acid (HA), placebo, or went through conservative management. In conclusion, significant improvements were noticed in the MSCs groups via different outcome measuring tools like KOOS, VAS, WOMAC, and MRI. Furthermore, no significant adverse events (AEs) have been observed. Therefore, intra-articular injections of MSCs are effective and safe in relieving pain and improving motor function in individuals with KOA in the short term, contrary to earlier research findings.

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Fear of Covid - 19 on perturbation among medical doctors

Pakistan BioMedical Journal

The current study aimed to explore the role of fear of Covid-19 on perturbation among medical doc... more The current study aimed to explore the role of fear of Covid-19 on perturbation among medical doctors. A quantitative research was designed by using online questionnaire based survey to obtain data through convenient sampling. The sample consisted of 201 doctors from different Public and Private Hospitals of South Punjab (Pakistan). A priori power analysis calculated by using G*power analysis 3.1.9 for correlation. The instruments used to collect the data were fear of COVID-19 Scale, emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ) and mental health inventory. A significant positive correlation was found between fear of COVID-19, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression and positive effect on mental health among doctors. On comparison fear of COVID-19, anxiety, depression, and behavioural control of mental health among doctors has shown no correlation while cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression also depicted insignificant relation with mental health. Dependent variable (expres...

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Technical and Financial Analysis for a 50MW Wind Farm in Pasni, Balochistan

2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), 2018

Given the current power outages in Pakistan, renewable energy is a basic national need and for th... more Given the current power outages in Pakistan, renewable energy is a basic national need and for this purpose determining potentials of alternative energies is important. Purpose of this study is to analyze the technical feasibility of wind power at Pasni, a city of Gwadar district, Balochistan. Financial aspects of a 50 MW wind farm are also determined using Minitab, Stats Graphics, and EViews. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models and Neural Network Back propagation methods are used to forecast the four years real time data of wind speed to explore the power potential. A performance comparison of both forecasting models has been done. A total of 317 different wind turbines of various ratings and distinct heights (60m, 80m and 100m) were examined to select the appropriate turbine. Maximum capacity factor was the analysis criteria for optimum height and model selection of the turbine. RETScreen software was used to validate the results obtained from the study. The results show that maximum capacity factor of 16.2% and annual wind energy production of 72.5 GWh/year was achieved when wind turbine with hub height of 100m was used.

Optimal Economic Analysis of Hybrid Off Grid (Standalone) Energy System for Provincial Capitals of Pakistan : A comparative Study Based On Simulated Results Using Real-Time Data

2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), 2018

Pakistan is suffering from acute shortage of electricity. Electricity supply shortfall is increas... more Pakistan is suffering from acute shortage of electricity. Electricity supply shortfall is increasing day by day. The main purpose of this research is to design a technical and economical feasible standalone/hybrid (PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery) off-grid system to raise the contribution of renewables in the total energy mix of Pakistan. In this study, every 10 minutes measured real-time weather data for solar irradiance (Kwh/m2/day) is taken from MHPs stations installed by the World Bank in the different nine cities of Pakistan. Seven different cases are considered, two as standalone while five as hybrid energy models to design the system. The load data is estimated by a number of devices per home with an average of five family members per household and their usage. HOMER Pro is used to perform optimization and simulation for all the selected Provincial capitals of Pakistan using their own climate data while viability is examined on financial parameters like the cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC). The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid energy system is more feasible than stand-alone proposed systems for all selected Provincial capitals of Pakistan.

Cost Optimization of Hybrid Microgrid for Rural Electrification along Western Alignment of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in Pakistan

2019 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), 2019

Energy poverty in the rural areas of third world countries is an important factor that stifles hu... more Energy poverty in the rural areas of third world countries is an important factor that stifles human development. Rural electrification is considered a viable solution to improve the socio-economic status and living standard for communities suffering from intermittent grid electricity. Designing of the microgrid architectures with optimal planning is essential for providing electricity access. Pakistan is suffering from an extreme shortage of electricity, resulting in severe load shedding. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) involves several projects under development for the economic stability of Pakistan. In this paper, a hybrid microgrid system is proposed for three different locations across the western alignment of CPEC. The proposed microgrid system is modeled and simulated in Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) [1] for analyzing its feasibility. A combined dispatch strategy is used for optimization analysis of the designed microgrid system. The renewable generation resource data is obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy [2], National Renewable Energy Laboratories (NREL) [3] and the National Solar Radiation Database [4], for temperature, wind, and solar respectively. The results of sensitivity analysis, techno-economic analysis, and cost optimization based on least cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC) are used for the verification of the feasibility of the proposed microgrid system.

An Efficient Numerical Technique for Solving Heat Equation with Nonlocal Boundary Conditions

Advances in the Theory of Nonlinear Analysis and its Application, 2022

A third order parallel algorithm is proposed to solve one dimensional non-homogenous heat equatio... more A third order parallel algorithm is proposed to solve one dimensional non-homogenous heat equation with integral boundary conditions. For this purpose, we approximate the space derivative by third order finite difference approximation. This parallel splitting technique is combined with Simpson's 1/3 rule to tackle the nonlocal part of this problem. The algorithm develop here is tested on two model problems. We conclude that our method provides better accuracy due to availability of real arithmetic.

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Analysis of Covid-19 Impact on Gender (Male and Female) in South Asian Country Pakistan

Digital Technologies and Applications, 2021

The impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease has been reported for different countries. Males are... more The impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease has been reported for different countries. Males are at high risk of death due to COVID-19 as compared to females. There is no data available for Pakistan, the South Asian region. We are therefore undertaking this analysis to determine the gender effect on the outcomes of COVID-19 in the South Asian nation of Pakistan. An online survey was performed across Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan) and national figures from the Pakistani government. In total, N = 113 individuals were included (92 males and 21 females). The descriptive statistics, association tests, and Pie chart indicate that males are more impacted by COVID-19 as compared to females. The doctor’s response indicates that 81.4% of males and 18.6% females are COVID-19 effective in Pakistan. Information from Pakistani national government statistics indicates that the number of male cases are 78%. Therefore, from the entire studies, we can infer that COVID-19 a...

Morphological and Biochemical Analysis of Gallstones in Lahore, Pakistan

Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College, 2020

Background: Gallstones are formed within the gallbladder or in biliary tract. They can be termed ... more Background: Gallstones are formed within the gallbladder or in biliary tract. They can be termed as cholesterol stones whose major constituent is cholesterol or pigment stones, which mainly are composed of bilirubin or there can be calcium and oxalate stones too. Objective: To establish the composition of stones found within the gallbladder after cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones. st Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, from 1 th August, 2017 to 30 June, 2018, with a sample size of 200 consecutive patients of cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstone. After examining the physical characteristics of the stones (color, number, shape and surface) were analyzed by semi-quantitative colorimetric analysis. Demographic data of patients, morphology of stones and the percentage different chemical components were noted on pre-established performa and analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean age of the 200 patients was 37.82 ± 11.67 years and 90% patients were female. Overall 10% cases had solitary stone while 90% cases had multiple stones and 25% patients had light brown stones, 30% had dark brown stones, 35% had gray stones and 10% had black stones. In this study, 85% cases had mixed stones whereas 15% had cholesterol stones. The mean percentages by weight of calcium, cholesterol, iron, phosphorus and bilirubin were 50± 10.59%, 27.45± 11.57%, 14.3± 6.28%, 13.25± 8.36% and 5.1± 2.46% respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that gallstone disease is common in third decade of life and mixed stones is the most frequent variety of gallstones and calcium is the most abundant substrate of the gallstones.

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