Adamu Abubakar

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Papers by Adamu Abubakar

Analysis of Watermarking Techniques with Wavelet and Cosine Transform for Imperceptibility on Image

2021 18th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD), 2021

Some medical image watermarking techniques utilize frequency transform domains to improve the per... more Some medical image watermarking techniques utilize frequency transform domains to improve the performance of the watermarking technique, where the main requirement of the medical image is to maintain the visual quality. This paper analyzes the imperceptibility performance of two frequency transform techniques Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The analysis methodology is an experiment the embedding watermark data in the transferred domain of the medical image by image by utilizing two techniques DWT and DCT. The performance of both techniques was measured in terms of image imperceptibility and embedding capacity. The imperceptibility performance based on Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER) values of the watermarked medical image is 97.4129 to 104.0503 on the PSNR scale for three different medical images by DWT, while the BER range from 0.0038 to 0.0146 respectively. While under DCT, the performance under PSNR for three different medical images are 40.97, 43.15, 11.89 respectively, and BER of 0.39, 0.2995, 0.4259 respectively. This finding indicates that DWT outperformed DCT on PSNR.

The trend of business intelligence adoption and maturity

2017 International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK), 2017

In this paper, the trend of Business Intelligence (BI) adoption and maturity has been evaluated. ... more In this paper, the trend of Business Intelligence (BI) adoption and maturity has been evaluated. Special emphasis was given to the small-to-medium enterprises (SME) business adoption and intensive review of BI maturity model in for the contemporary business world. Therefore, this study surveyed research works that reveal most determinants for BI efficiency. The survey has extract what lead organization to a better understanding of development and testing of BI framework. The study has found out that BI adoption has been highly related to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tool utilization. Moreover, the success of BI to business are observed when users are able to leverage the best use of their data, by summarizing and aggregating information for business goals. Thus, understanding the fact, an investigation has been approached to identify BI adoption trends towards companies using BI. Results revealed that technology company, as well as a Production company, took the highest in BI adoption.

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TCP Skudai: A High Performance TCP Variant for Collaborative Virtual Environment Systems

2016 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M), 2016

In Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) systems, one of the main research topics in is how to ... more In Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) systems, one of the main research topics in is how to efficiently transmit message to minimized delay, provide scalability and reliability, and also the choice of transport protocol. TCP is the most widely used protocol in the design of CVE systems, and its throughput deteriorates in the network with large delay due to it conservative congestion control. TCP removes network congestion by adjusting sending rate according to available bandwidth. Researchers have shown that TCP underutilizes bandwidth in a high-speed network and in a long distance network. With the increasing number of concurrent distant collaborators in CVE systems, TCP may not provide the level of consistency and scalability required in the systems. Many researchers have proposed different modifications of TCP, but rarely addressed the issues in CVE systems. In this paper, we proposed a novel TCP variant conceptual model called TCP Skudai, aimed at achieving a high performance congestion control algorithm for CVE systems. The methods used in the conceptualizations lies within adding constraints to the phases of transmission: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery based on principle of packet conservation.

Utilizing Modular Neural Network for Prediction of Possible Emergencies Locations within Point of Interest of Hajj Pilgrimage

Modern Applied Science, 2015

This paper utilize modular neural network for prediction of possible emergencies locations during... more This paper utilize modular neural network for prediction of possible emergencies locations during hajj pilgrimage. Available location, localization and positioning determination systems become increasingly important for use in day-to-day activities. These systems dwells on various scientific tools which ensure that the systems will provide accurate response to the needed service at the right time. Unfortunately, some tools were faced with drawbacks, either their use was not appropriate or they do not give reliable results, or the results obtained in certain scenario might not be apply to other scenarios. For this reasons, we utilize modular neural network tool to examine the analysis of determining possible emergencies locations within point of Interest of Hajj Pilgrimage in Meccah Saudi Arabia. The prediction results are generated by the use of longitude, latitude and distances as the dataset. Modular neural network takes longitude and latitude as inputs and predict distances withi...

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Subjective Assessment of Audio Watermarked Quran

ʻUlūm Islāmiyyah Journal, 2014

Audio Quran is now accessible in many websites free of charge. People can listen online or downlo... more Audio Quran is now accessible in many websites free of charge. People can listen online or download any verse or the complete Quran verses. The genuineness of the sound content in those online audio Quran by principle should remain intact. Any intentional or non-intentional alteration to the content creates a big problem. There are reports on circulating fake sound output of online audio Quran intended to alter with the original message the Quran delivers and eventually create confusion. We use different audio watermarking technique for the protection of the originality of online audio Quran content. In this case a watermark is embedded into the bit-stream of audio Quran. This will help in verifying any suspicious fake audio Quran in internet. Unfortunately, there is a concern regarding this method, because the watermark may alter with the contents of the Quran sound, this might create more harm than good. As a result this paper aimed at watermarking some selected short surah of audio Quran and investigates the watermarked conditions by extensive subjective listening test. Furthermore, a model suitable for watermarking and verifying authentic audio Quran is proposed. The result is the combination of good watermarking technique suitable for protecting the integrity of audio Quran and a model for verifying contains of the audio Quran.

Empirical investigation of visualization quality for three-dimensional (3d) objects of 3d map on mobile device for navigation aid

Previous studies have shown some key factors that influence the success of visualization quality ... more Previous studies have shown some key factors that influence the success of visualization quality for 3D objects of 3D map on Personal computers (PCs) and Laptops', crucial to that is the 3D computational processing capabilities of PCs and Laptops. Unfortunately 3D applications on mobile devices are hindered by the lack of efficient mobile rendering interfaces, low computational resources and direct 3D rendering at interactive rates. Although recently there are several attempts of building complicated 3D map visualization tasks on mobile devices, yet there is still problem of visualization quality of 3D objects of 3D map on a mobile device, this could be attributed to salient features which this paper try to uncover. An experiment that is aimed at investigating how people visualized 3D objects and orient themselves with the 3D map view on a mobile device for navigation assistance was carried out. The result indicates that the size and shape of 3D objects of 3D map significantly aided orientation, but there are no significant differences between the size and color. The 3D map view can increase the user's sense of presence; however, 3D map projections tend to represent familiar scenes by collections of their 2D views. This paper shows visual variations of complex 3D map scenes on small-screen mobile devices, with a single object-centered 3D map projection.

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Comparing Performances of Markov Blanket and Tree Augmented Naïve-Bayes on the IRIS Dataset

This research investigates the performances of the Markov Blanket (MB) and Tree Augmented Naïve-B... more This research investigates the performances of the Markov Blanket (MB) and Tree Augmented Naïve-Bayes Network (TAN) of the Bayesian Network structure of the IRIS dataset. For evaluation purposes, the performances of the TAN, and MB classifiers were measured using statistical indices. Experimental results strongly suggested that the TAN is better than MB on training dataset and vise vasa in the test dataset. In the other hand, time computational complexity of both the classifiers was found to be equal. The result obtained in this research is of significance to researchers intending to use Bayesian Network to create a classifier for enhancing the performance of biometrics systems.

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Cryptanalytic Attacks on Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (Rsa) Cryptosystem: Issues and Challenges

RSA cryptosystem is an information security algorithm used for encrypting and decrypting of digit... more RSA cryptosystem is an information security algorithm used for encrypting and decrypting of digital data in order to protect the content of the data and to ensure its privacy. Prior research studies have shown that RSA algorithm is very successful in protecting enterprises commercial services and systems as well as web servers and browsers to secure web traffic. In an email application, it's utilized to ensure the privacy and authenticity of email message. Some studies have also shown the efficiency of RSA algorithm in securing remote login sessions, and electronic credit-card payment systems. Generally RSA algorithm gain a security support because of it's frequently use in most applications where security of digital data is mostly a concern. Its strength lies with its ability of withstanding many forms of attacks. While many studies focus on proving that RSA algorithm is breakable under certain cryptanalytic attacks, yet there are some confrontations on the circumstances of applying those attacks. This paper presents the issues and challenges on some key aspects of cryptanalytic attacks on RSA algorithm. The paper also explores the perceived vulnerabilities of implementing RSA algorithm which can render a cryptanalyst easier means of attack.

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Optimizing Three-Dimensional (3D) Map View on Mobile Devices as Navigation Aids Using Artificial Neural Network

2013 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science Applications and Technologies, 2013

ABSTRACT Prior research on real-world way-finding and environmental design principles has shown t... more ABSTRACT Prior research on real-world way-finding and environmental design principles has shown that effective virtual design supports skilled way-finding behaviour. Darken and Cevik [1] proved that augmentations such as direction indicators, maps and path restriction greatly improve way finding performance and achieve overall user satisfaction when represented in large-scale virtual structures. This study includes a control variable (screen size of a mobile device) that was not previously considered as a means in improving way finding given the increased use of 3D maps for mobile devices as navigation aids. A subjective experiment was carried out in order to determine the user preferences. The result indicated that the screen size of mobile devices suitable for navigation aid is directly related to the perceived effectiveness and that pictorially realistic satellite imagery that allows 3D view manipulation does not depend on screen size. Through an artificial neural network, the users&#39; perception was compared to the screen size of mobile devices and the analysis showed that medium to large screen sized mobile devices are most commonly used for navigation and that the small screen of mobile devices was not affected by the presence or absence of 3D effects in monocular static displays.

3D Mobile Map Visualization Concept for Remote Rendered Dataset

2013 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science Applications and Technologies, 2013

ABSTRACT Three-dimension (3D) maps visualization concept for mobile devices which can be used for... more ABSTRACT Three-dimension (3D) maps visualization concept for mobile devices which can be used for navigation aid comes in to being as a result of the weakness perceived with the two dimension (2D) map. The representation of scene in 2D map is generally limited and lack interaction with the users. The interaction of 2D map is limited to the interpretation of symbols explained in the legend which not every user knows how to use efficiently. 3D map, on the other hand, is able to produce a realistic scene. 3D map delivered to mobile device through remote rendering will serves as a navigation aid. Unfortunately, visualization of 3D map in mobile devices is faced with a huge drawbacks when considering the small screen size mobile device and with low computing resources. This paper survey the optimum remote rendered techniques used for 3D visualization on mobile devices and provide a prototype of 3D mobile map that will be suitable as navigation aid. The 3D map that this paper is considering is different from the manipulated static aerial photo-realistic images that gives the illusion of 3D presentation.

Computational Intelligence Techniques with Application to Crude Oil Price Projection: A Literature Survey from 2001–2012

Neural Network World, 2013

This paper is an attempt to survey the applications of computational intelligence techniques for ... more This paper is an attempt to survey the applications of computational intelligence techniques for predicting crude oil prices over a period of ten years. The purpose of this research is to provide an exhaustive overview of the existing literature which may assist prospective researchers. The reviewed literature covers a spectrum of publications on the proposed model, source of experimental data, period of data collection, year of publication and contributors. The overall trend of the publications in this area of research issued within the last decade is also addressed. The existing body of research has been analyzed and new research directions have been outlined that have been previously ignored. It is expected that researchers across the globe may thus be encouraged to re-direct their attention and resources in order to keep on searching for an optimum solution.

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Investigating how the sources of online audio Qur'an empower listeners

The 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M), 2014

Fundamental Islamic principles require that the Qur'an, in whatever format, should remain int... more Fundamental Islamic principles require that the Qur'an, in whatever format, should remain intact. The Internet is a huge source of different formats of the Qur'an. Unfortunately some people are skeptical about the content of any Islamic resource on the Internet, because of the deception or misleading representation of Islam/Muslims found on many Web sites. However, Islamic resources on the Internet still impact many people in many ways, especially young people. This paper investigates how online audio Qur'an empowers listeners. The online audio Qur'an file can be downloaded and installed on either a mobile device or a PC, or listened to on different websites. The research was carried out through a quantitative survey of 123 respondents; both descriptive and inferential statistic analyses were used to develop and validate a new scale that measures the empowerment through Internet sources of audio Qur'an. The items on the scale measured the key variables that impact people in their use of online audio Qur'an. The result shows that the key attribute empowering listeners is competence.

Information Quality Evaluation of mobile-Government (mGovernment) Services

Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2014

The transactions between the government of a given country and businesses, services, employees' d... more The transactions between the government of a given country and businesses, services, employees' details and roles, the wellbeing of citizens and transactions with other governments is becoming faster and remotely through what is known as an eGovernment system. This system utilizes an information and communication technology platform to perform digital interaction in real time. The mGovernment system is a mobile platform extension of eGovernment, but unfortunately it has drawbacks in terms of gaining citizens' trust and willingness to embark on using the system. Previous studies have attributed this to the state of information quality as well as the privacy and security of transmitted information. This paper focuses on evaluating mGovernment information quality. The quantitative user study of a sample population is based on the assumption that knowledge about reality can be obtained through the eyes of the researcher. The result indicates that the representation format of mGovernment is tied to its information quality, whereas the accessibility, accuracy and relevance of information are also key attributes of mGovernment.

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Pedestrian position and pathway in the design of 3D mobile interactive navigation aid

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia - MoMM '12, 2012

ABSTRACT The aim of navigation aid in general is to provide an optimal route from the current pos... more ABSTRACT The aim of navigation aid in general is to provide an optimal route from the current position to the destination. Unfortunately, there are lot of drawbacks from many navigation aids such as giving wrong directions to the destination, and lack of interaction with other users. This paper presents pedestrian positions and pathway determination for the design of 3D mobile interactive navigation aid. The system was developed and aims to help people navigate in an unfamiliar locations and to overcome the weaknesses of conventional 2D maps, which require users to interpret its various symbols and legends and also to present desired locations and routes to a high degree of accuracy. The system allows several mobile device users to view their own and other users&#39; locations at the same time, while being stationary or on-the-move. The role of 3D view is to add to an existing individual cognitive map. Voronoi diagram and its dual Delaunay triangulation are the algorithms used for establishing user positions and the optimum pathway to a target destination. Using this technique contributes to a well-defined positioning and pathway establishment in the design of navigation assisted systems.

Multi-user navigation: A 3D mobile device interactive support

2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2011

Multi-User navigation within an environment with the aid of 3D mobile support provides end users ... more Multi-User navigation within an environment with the aid of 3D mobile support provides end users with additional mobility thought and improves mobility services' efficiency. A necessary approach of using mobile device for navigation aid is to display only a section of the view-front and to let users control the portion shown by conceptually moving on the orientation. There is a need for multiple users to be able to interact with themselves when they are within an environment and navigating with the aid of 3D mobile devices support, in order to meet-up with an appointment or to be aware of the locations of each other. Unfortunately, the predominant 3D mobile navigation system does not provide multi-user interactive services. Users cannot be aware of other users navigating within same environment using the same system on their mobile devices at the same time. This paper presents multi-user 3D mobile navigation system for providing multiple user awareness. The analysis of the results provides a unique visualization of multiple users using mobile devices to help them navigate to a target location by being aware of their whereabouts.

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Investigating the act of deception in online-Islamic Content

2014 3rd International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 2014

Deception in online content is not uncommon. This research focuses on investigating deception in ... more Deception in online content is not uncommon. This research focuses on investigating deception in the context of online-Islamic content. Previous studies have shown that some of the online content claiming to be about Islamic values, ethics and ideology is in fact aimed at deceiving people about the truth of Islamic ideologies, values and ethics. Through content analysis, several websites with Islamic content were evaluated to identify criteria of deception. The study was conducted with 24 respondents. Nine main scaled items were generated and tested using correlation analysis and analysis of variance (ANDVA). Descriptive statistics show that the content of Islamic websites may reveal whether the website in question is deceptive or otherwise; background knowledge of Islam aided identification of deceptive websites. The use of a single-informant method and focus on selected Islamic websites are some of the constraints of this study. Future research may consider incorporating a multiple response method, longitudinal design and covering samples across different countries.

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A Framework for Realizing Universal Standardization for Internet of Things

Journal of Industrial and Intelligent Information, 2014

Internet of Things is a paradigm referring to the pervasive presence of a network of things and o... more Internet of Things is a paradigm referring to the pervasive presence of a network of things and objects that are able to interact, and cooperate with each other. This paradigm also suggests that in the future these objects can produce large amount of data to the Internet, and other network applications. It was predicted that the amount of data produced by things can exceed data produced by human in the near future due to rapid advancements in technology. At present, realizing truly Internet of Things is hindered by differences in government policies. In order to eliminate the limitation hindering the actualization of the Internet of Things, we proposed a framework that might lead to the universal standardization of the Internet of Things. With little additional information, our proposal has the potentials of being use to totally circumvent the current limitations. 

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A Navigation-Aided Framework for 3D Map Views on Mobile Devices

International Review on Computers and Software (IRECOS), 2014

Application of threshold based techniques to wavelet transformed speech signals can act as the no... more Application of threshold based techniques to wavelet transformed speech signals can act as the noise suppression algorithm. There are types of wavelets and thresholding algorithms which exist and selection of optimal wavelet and optimal thresholding technique based on the input speech signal is vital for having better noise suppression. Selection of optimal number of decomposition levels is also has an impact on the resultant signal. In this paper, optimal selection of wavelet, level and thresholding technique for noise suppression in speech signals using Cuckoo search is proposed. After finding these, the signal is wavelet transformed andis applied proposed adaptive coefficient process which is then done thresholding. Subsequently, reconstruction is carried out to have the noise suppressed signal. The implementation is carried out with MATLAB and the evaluation metrics employed are Itakura-Saito distance (IS) and MSE.The results are taken under various noise conditions and compared with existing technique. From the results obtained, IS and MSE values for proposed is far lower than existing technique.Total IS average for proposed was about 0.78×10 5 compared with 1.3×10 5 that of existing. Total MSE average for proposed was about 0.22×10 -3 compared with 1.25×10 -3 that of existing. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

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Automatic Face Reconstruction system

2014 6th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT), 2014

ABSTRACT A face can be sketch by freehand based on the evidence of an eyewitness description whic... more ABSTRACT A face can be sketch by freehand based on the evidence of an eyewitness description which is necessary for the Detectives to tract the looks of the offender. This process is slow; moreover there are some factors which cannot be assumed by the artist, including weight, hair color and length, and eye color. However, if this process is conducted correctly, the result should bear a striking resemblance to the individual. As with composite drawings, an image of the resulting face can then be distributed among law enforcement personnel or to the general public. The reconstructed face should be photographed in such a way that there is no perspective distortion. This paper presents Face Reconstruction for Identification that approach is relatively same with the sketching by freehand. However, this system will reconstruction and generate the face automatically. This will create an effectiveness and efficiency in identifying and recognize the offender.

A Review of the Advances in Cyber Security Benchmark Datasets for Evaluating Data-Driven Based Intrusion Detection Systems

Procedia Computer Science, 2015

Cybercrime has led to the loss of billions of dollars, the malfunctioning of computer systems, th... more Cybercrime has led to the loss of billions of dollars, the malfunctioning of computer systems, the destruction of critical information, the compromising of network integrity and confidentiality, etc. In view of these crimes committed on a daily basis, the security of the computer systems has become imperative to minimize and possibly avoid the impact of cybercrimes. In this paper, we review recent advances in the use of cyber security benchmark datasets for the evaluation of machine learning and data mining-based intrusion detection systems. It was found that the state-of-the-art cyber security benchmark datasets KDD and UNM are no longer reliable, because their datasets cannot meet the expectations of current advances in computer technology. As a result, a new ADFA Linux (ADFA-LD) cyber security benchmark dataset for the evaluation of machine learning and data mining-based intrusion detection systems was proposed in 2013 to meet the current significant advances in computer technology. ADFA-LD requires improvement in terms of full descriptions of its attributes. This review can be used by the research community as a basis for abandoning the previous state-of-the-art cyber security benchmark datasets and starting to use the newly introduced benchmark dataset for effective and robust evaluation of machine learning and data mining-based intrusion detection system.

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