Abel Kinyondo

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Papers by Abel Kinyondo

Why Climate Change Offers a Golden Opportunity for Africa Advancement R FINAL

African Journal of Sustainable Development , 2024

Climate change is real and has been affecting Africa disproportionally. This is because the majo... more Climate change is real and has been affecting Africa
disproportionally. This is because the majority of Africans
depend on nature to advance their livelihoods. Energy
transition seems to be the most trending strategy to fighting it.
Fortunately, at the centre of energy transition are critical
minerals that are vastly available in Africa. This study reviews
60 relevant academic works to argue that climate change calls
for innovations which could create not only a net good for
society, but also help Africa to grow economically. This would
happen if Africa shifts from investing in supply chains to
engaging in global value chains through investing in
downstream activities that go beyond refinery. It is, however, important for Africa to ensure that investing in global value chains does not compromise economic, social and environmental requirements of sustainable development.

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The Impact of Cash Transfers on Intimate Partner Violence: A Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Tanzania

by Abel Kinyondo and Magashi J Ntegwa

The African Review, 2023

The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women remains high around the world. Cash... more The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women remains high around the world. Cash transfers (CTs) are one potential avenue that can be used to reduce violence through women’s empowerment. The present study uses a mixed method, where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed to compare the difference in the prevalence of IPV between CT recipients and non-recipients of CTs and among different categories of CTs. For quantitative data, a single difference estimation of the end-line cross-section data was used to assess the impact of Tanzania’s CTs on IPV. Results show that CTs have no impact on different forms of IPV, except a negligible impact in reducing physical violence. Moreover, thematic analysis of qualitative data suggests that cultural norms that subordinate women to men irrespective of women’s socioeconomic status are the channels through which IPV is perpetuated in Tanzania. Therefore, we recommend that CTs be designed in a manner that...

Development in Africa

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2018

Growth, Employment, Poverty and Inequality in Tanzania

Social Science Research Network, 2018

This paper shows that in Tanzania, economic growth contributes to job creation and employment opp... more This paper shows that in Tanzania, economic growth contributes to job creation and employment opportunities, however, it does very little to curb income inequality. Using official data from various local sources compiled by the National Bureau of Statistics, the paper provides an explanation as to why the creation of wealth and employment opportunities in Tanzania fails to bring the level of poverty to a level roughly comparable to what is found in the region and to reduce inequality between the richer and the poorer segments of society.

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Trust and Covid-19 vaccinations: the case of Sub-Saharan Africa

Academia letters, Apr 15, 2022

Public Accounts Committees in Eastern Africa

Does Sub-Saharan Africa's Rapid Population Growth Have Positive or Negative Effects on Aggregate Domestic Investment?

World Affairs, May 4, 2023

This study examines the effect of population growth on aggregate domestic investments in 45 Sub-S... more This study examines the effect of population growth on aggregate domestic investments in 45 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 2000–2020. It applies the Quantile Method of Moments with fixed effects (i.e., MM-QR), which has the ability to identify both negative and positive effects while controlling for trade, HIV/AIDS prevalence, and economic growth. The findings show that SSA’s rapid population growth has a positive and statistically significant effect on aggregate domestic investments. Findings from this study show that an increase in population growth in the 10th to 60th quantiles is associated with an increase of domestic investment in SSA. This suggests that, as the population grows in SSA, it generates demand for domestic investments such as healthcare services, education, and other social services. Our findings also show that trade is positive and significant across all quantiles (10th to 90th). We find evidence that disease risks, such as the prevalence of HIV/AIDS, slowed the increase in domestic investment in the region across all quantiles (10th to 90th). We conclude by arguing that, since SSA's population growth will double in the near future, the region is bound to become world's next investment hub. In order to enable long-term domestic investments in the region, future policy options should take the challenges of population growth into account.

Lack of consultation. Stakeholders’ perspectives on local content requirements in the petroleum sector in Tanzania

CMI Brief, Oct 1, 2016

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Benchmarks for Codes of Conduct

Parliamentary Codes of Conduct and Ethics are increasingly used by parliaments, both national and... more

Strengthening parliaments in nascent democracies: The need to prioritize legislative reforms

Australasian Parliamentary Review, 2013

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Enhancing Citizen Participation for Development in Tanzania

Otoritas: jurnal ilmu pemerintahan, May 31, 2019

The literature has repeatedly emphasized that citizen participation is requisite for good governa... more The literature has repeatedly emphasized that citizen participation is requisite for good governance. Indeed, when citizens participate in various public activities, they can voice their demands, they can invite the government to respond to their demands, and they can keep government accountable. In other words, in the presence of citizen engagement activities, voices can be raised to keep governments accountable. While the literature has clearly established this link, less is known about the levels of citizen engagement in rural areas in developing countries like Tanzania; precisely areas where good governance is most needed to secure some progress along the developmental path and take the population out of poverty. Using an original dataset comprising of 1,265 respondents, we find that citizen participation in rural Tanzania varies across various types of activities. We also find that that the participation rate for men is higher than that of women and that the participation rate for older people is higher than it is for younger ones. Given the fact that Tanzania's population is largely youthful, and women are slightly more than men, we recommend for the removal of barriers that women and youths face as far as their civic rights to participate in developmental activities is concerned.

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Enhancing rural livelihoods in Tanza-nia : A small-holder farmers’ perspective

International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies, Jun 3, 2017

Poverty reduction has been a difficult milestone for Tanzania to achieve despite recording remark... more Poverty reduction has been a difficult milestone for Tanzania to achieve despite recording remarkable economic growth over the past decade. This is because the attained growth is not inclusive, in that sectors contributing to this growth employ fewer people. Given the fact that agriculture continues to employ the majority of people in Tanzania, efforts to improve livelihoods should necessarily be geared towards transforming the sector. It is in this context that using a sample of 3,000 farmers from 13 regions of Tanzania; this Tanzania, this study set out to examine challenges facing farmers and their respective solutions following the sustainable livelihood framework. Findings show that improving farmers' livelihoods would entail concerted efforts by the government to avail to farmers, quality and affordable seeds, fertilizer, agricultural infrastructures, subsidies, extension services, markets, information alert, affordable loans, and areas for pastures. This implies that the government needs to allocate enough funds to the agricultural sector if farmers' needs are to be met. We note, however, that government's allocation to the sector has alarmingly generally been exhibiting a declining trend for the past four years. It is against this background that we strongly recommend that the government rethinks its position and prioritize the agricultural sector in its budget.

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Development in Africa

World Affairs, Sep 1, 2018

The purpose of the chapter is to analyze Africa's economic successes in the past half century, to... more The purpose of the chapter is to analyze Africa's economic successes in the past half century, to understand not only what made it possible but also and more importantly what risk factors may eventually bring it to an end or compromise it. While it may not be possible for Africa to alter, for now, its position in the world system, it may nonetheless create the conditions for sustained economic growth and development by deepening democracy, enhancing the stability of political regimes and by reducing the incidence of tropical diseases.

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Improving the Governance of Governments

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Oct 28, 2021

Evaluating the Performance of Parliamentary Committees

Otoritas: jurnal ilmu pemerintahan, Apr 28, 2022

Assessing parliamentary committees' performance is important as it can ensure good governance. Th... more Assessing parliamentary committees' performance is important as it can ensure good governance. This has prompted various scholars and practitioners to devise several evaluation methods over the past two decades. Some of the methods include measuring the number of important bills that committees pass, measuring the number of important issues that committees address and measuring the number of unimportant bills, which committees block. While all these methods are important in advancing the knowledge of assessing committees' performance, they are not very useful to parliamentary actors such as parliamentarians as they lack the sense of contemporaneousness in their measurements. It is in this context that using documentary review and data from reliable sources such as World Governance Indicators, this paper innovatively presents a rule of thumb proposing that parliamentary committees' performance should instantaneously, be measured by the extent to which actions of a particular committee are consistent with three E's namely, economy, effectiveness and efficiency.

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Promoting environmental sustainability in the artisanal and small-scale mining sector in Tanzania

Working Paper Series, Jul 1, 2021

provides economic analysis and policy advice with the aim of promoting sustainable and equitable ... more provides economic analysis and policy advice with the aim of promoting sustainable and equitable development. The Institute began operations in 1985 in Helsinki, Finland, as the first research and training centre of the United Nations University. Today it is a unique blend of think tank, research institute, and UN agency-providing a range of services from policy advice to governments as well as freely available original research. The Institute is funded through income from an endowment fund with additional contributions to its work programme from Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom as well as earmarked contributions for specific projects from a variety of donors.

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Sustainable Energy Investment through Paradiplomacy Practices in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

E3S web of conferences, 2021

The use of energy in developing countries is marked by the government's involvement in realizing ... more The use of energy in developing countries is marked by the government's involvement in realizing the transfer of energy use from conventional to renewable. This involvement is in line with the sustainable development Goals program, which emphasizes the need for action in using environmentally friendly and sustainable energy in the implementation of development. The correct option in realizing the dominance of renewable energy is through investment and cooperation with partners from abroad who have experience and knowledge in the use of renewable energy. Independent investment and cooperation can be realized with paradiplomacy practices carried out by local governments. The research and dissemination of ideas in this article aim to discuss the dynamics of renewable energy investment in paradiplomacy practices. Research with the theme of paradiplomacy uses qualitative research through in-depth and relevant case studies. The technique of determining informants was carried out by purposive sampling through key persons, by determining which groups of participants became informants according to the selected criteria relevant to the research problem. Observation, interview, and documentation are data and information collection techniques in this study. The support of the central government and local governments is manifested in the availability of regulations, permits that are not complicated, and relevant promotions that support the realization of the use of renewable energy and transfer technology.

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Alternatives to local content

Working Paper Series, 2015

Typescript prepared by Sophie Richmond for UNU-WIDER. UNU-WIDER acknowledges specific programme c... more Typescript prepared by Sophie Richmond for UNU-WIDER. UNU-WIDER acknowledges specific programme contribution from Policy Research for Development (REPOA) for a series of studies on socioeconomic transformation and core financial support to its work programme for the governments of Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United Nations University (UNU) as its first research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985. The Institute undertakes applied research and policy analysis on structural changes affecting the developing and transitional economies, provides a forum for the advocacy of policies leading to robust, equitable and environmentally sustainable growth, and promotes capacity strengthening and training in the field of economic and social policy-making. Work is carried out by staff researchers and visiting scholars in Helsinki and through networks of collaborating scholars and institutions around the world.

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Public Accounts Committees in Eastern Africa: A Comparative Analysis

Social Science Research Network, 2014

Properly functioning Public Accounts Committees (PACs) are essential for promoting good governanc... more Properly functioning Public Accounts Committees (PACs) are essential for promoting good governance, preventing misallocation of resources and curbing corruption. The purpose of the present paper is to analyze the organization, powers and the performance of East Africa's PACs so as to understand what they do, what makes them work well and what could make them work better. 2 The analysis reveals that the Tanzania's PAC is the most active in the region because while it has fewer resources at its disposal than its Eastern African counterparts, it makes a more efficient use of the available resources as indicated by the fact that the Tanzanian Pac was able to carry out more oversight activities than the other PACs operating in the region in spite of having fewer resources. This evidence sustains the claim that legislators' political will is the single most important determinant of effective oversight. On the basis of the evidence presented in the paper, we formulate two policy recommendations: that in order to secure a more effective PAC performance, international organizations should pay greater attention to ensuring that legislators have the will to be effective overseers and that the Tanzania's PAC needs to be more adequately staffed and resourced.

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A Functionalist Theory of Oversight

Lambert Academic Publishing eBooks, 2015

The literature on oversight provides various approaches that have been used to measure oversight ... more The literature on oversight provides various approaches that have been used to measure oversight effectiveness. They include inferring oversight from the quality of governance, equating it with the presence of oversight activities as well as equating it with oversight capacity. However all these approaches are problematic as they wrongly consider oversight to be unidimensional. As a result they tend to produce measures that are too general and vague to provide a meaningful assessment of oversight effectiveness. It is in this context that this paper identifies the structural elements of oversight and goes on to contend that since oversight is a multifaceted activity a more appropriate way to measure its effectiveness must assess how effective an oversight activity is in performing a specific function. We finally argue that parliaments/parliamentarians are more likely to effectively perform their oversight function if they believe their actions will be rewarded by the electorate.

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