Papers by Shashikant Nishant Sharma
Pharmacy Practice (Internet), 2013
Objective: To evaluate the impact of training of dispensers on knowledge of dispensers working at... more Objective: To evaluate the impact of training of dispensers on knowledge of dispensers working at community pharmacies in context to storage temperature, prescription terminologies and status of medicines in Islamabad, Pakistan. Method: A randomized, controlled, blinded intervention study was designed and implemented. Before the implementation of intervention, a baseline study was performed to assess the knowledge of dispensers working at community pharmacies. The study population included all community pharmacy outlets in Islamabad. Pharmacies of Islamabad which were visited in pre intervention phase (n=118) were divided into two geographical regions: A (intervention) and B (control). Thirty pharmacies were randomly selected from each region. Keeping in view the results of the baseline study an educational intervention was designed to improve the knowledge of dispensers working at community pharmacies in Pakistan. Results: A significant difference in the overall knowledge of dispensers was observed between the pre-post intervention groups. Knowledge of dispensers regarding storage of drugs, prescription terminologies and status of drugs was improved after the training. On the other hand no significant difference was observed between the pre-post control groups. The study has highlighted that improvements in knowledge of dispensers working at community pharmacies are possible through suitable interventions. But, results of interventions can only be sustainable through continuous monitoring and reinforcement of the training.
Cellular Automata Model for Smart Urban Growth Management
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 13, 2023
Article will potentially discuss the need to redefine the concept and boundaries of peri-urban ar... more Article will potentially discuss the need to redefine the concept and boundaries of peri-urban areas in the context of urban development and planning. Peri-urban areas are transitional zones located on the edges of urban areas, and they often face unique challenges related to infrastructure, land use, and governance. As urban areas continue to expand and evolve, redefining the concept of peri-urban areas may be necessary to better understand and address the complex issues facing these regions. The article may also discuss potential approaches or strategies for redefining periurban areas and improving their integration with urban systems. The transitional zones on the periphery of urban areas in India, known as peri-urban areas, are characterized by a mix of urban and rural land uses, lifestyles, and activities. While these areas are located beyond the legal limits of urban areas, they are still influenced by urbanization processes and subject to a range of challenges, including land use conflicts, inadequate infrastructure and services, environmental degradation, and social inequality. To effectively manage peri-urban areas in India, it is important to develop planning policies and strategies that integrate the needs of both urban and rural populations, promote sustainable development practices, and address the unique challenges of these areas. This requires recognizing the importance of peri-urban areas in supporting urban growth and development, and ensuring that they are included in broader regional planning initiatives.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jan 27, 2023
The population of India is rapidly increasing, and along with various developmental projects, it ... more The population of India is rapidly increasing, and along with various developmental projects, it is contributing to the country's economy. Due to better infrastructure and job opportunities, people are moving towards urban areas, causing urban areas to experience rapid population growth. This has led to a housing shortage, and people are moving towards the fringe areas of cities to find proper shelter. The study aims to collect relevant information on housing development in the fringe area through case studies and literature reviews. The government is also encouraging housing development to meet the housing needs of society. The mission aims to deliver housing for all by 2022 and develop the city in a more planned manner, providing basic services and amenities. This paper explores the possibility of providing affordable housing in peri-urban areas of Bhopal, Capital City. The paper "Planning and Development of Housing in Urban Fringe Area: Case of Bhopal (M.P.)" explores the challenges and opportunities in the planning and development of housing in the urban fringe areas of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The study investigates the factors that have led to the expansion of housing in these areas and examines the different strategies that have been adopted to manage the growth of the city. It also highlights the importance of effective planning and management to ensure sustainable development in the urban fringe areas. The research draws on a range of sources, including interviews with stakeholders, analysis of policy documents and statistical data. The paper concludes by identifying key policy implications and recommendations for future research in this area.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 27, 2023
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee ACT (MGNREGA), 2005 has been implemented to pr... more Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee ACT (MGNREGA), 2005 has been implemented to provide for the enhancement of livelihood security of the households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. And its implementation at the field level is known as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has been a significant initiative for rural employment and poverty alleviation in India. This research paper evaluates the scheme's implementation and impact, using available data and research studies. The evaluation specifies that the MGNREGS has provided employment opportunities to millions of rural households, particularly women and marginalized communities. The scheme has also contributed to rural infrastructure development and poverty reduction. However, the scheme faces challenges such as inadequate funds, implementation issues, and corruption. The research paper highlights the need for reform to address these challenges and improve the scheme's implementation, transparency, and accountability. Overall, the paper concludes that the MGNREGS has played a crucial role in the development of rural areas in India and has been successful in improving the livelihoods of rural households.
Improving access to sanitation is therefore appropriately included in the Millennium Development ... more Improving access to sanitation is therefore appropriately included in the Millennium Development Goals.
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions , 2024
The bus transportation system in Bhopal is ineffective, unreliable, and inefficient, struggling t... more The bus transportation system in Bhopal is ineffective, unreliable, and inefficient, struggling to meet the daily transportation needs of its large population. Thus, evaluating the quality of bus service from the perspective of customers is crucial for planning a sustainable transportation system and formulating relevant policies and regulations. While there have been studies on public transportation systems in India, little attention has been paid to how different attributes of service quality influence passenger satisfaction. This study aims to explore the interdependance between bus service quality and its determinants in Bhopal. Through a customer satisfaction survey involving 1313 respondents based on Cochran's formula, discrete choice models like multinomial logit and mixed logit were developed. Results show widespread dissatisfaction among residents with their bus services, with less than 10% rating service quality as excellent or Very Satisfied. Factors such as users' comfort level and safety emerged as the primary contributors to this dissatisfaction. Other significant factors include ontime, driver skills, boarding and alighting processes, waiting time, and vehicle condition. Interestingly, the multinomial logit model showed better fit for the sample data compared to the mixed logit model, suggesting that bus users in Bhopal may form a relatively homogeneous group with access to alternative modes of transportation. These findings can inform the development of policies and regulations aimed at enhancing bus transportation in Bhopal.
Sahitya Samhita, 2023
Hindi holds a significant position as the third most spoken language in the world. It is a crucia... more Hindi holds a significant position as the third most spoken language in the world. It is a crucial language in the Indian subcontinent, playing a unique role in its linguistic diversity. Due to the extensive variation and a vast population that speaks Hindi, it has emerged as one of the largest language communities globally. Its prevalence is growing not only within the Indian subcontinent but also outside, contributing to its status as a global language and bolstering the dignity of Indian culture and language.
IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science, Jun 1, 2024
Introduction: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of recycled and secondary materials in the construction... more Introduction: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of recycled and secondary materials in the construction of roads is used to demonstrate the environmental impact of the use of the material from the process of the origin of the material to the end use of the material. This research paper will assess India's most commonly used construction material. Based on the literature review of the most used construction materials, the bricks and concrete are chosen for detailed study based on the emerging LCA method.
Methods: The method used for this assessment is the LCA model. The LCA method consists of four main phases: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory (LCI), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), and interpretation.
Results: The assessment showed us that the long-term use of construction material bricks is not sustainable. Our results showed that while concrete is more durable than bricks and is widely used, the government does not promote the construction of roads using concrete and bricks. Conclusions: The environmental impact of the LCA of construction materials like bricks and concrete can be recycled and used for road construction, and thus, we can reduce the negative impact of construction debris. We concluded that the use of construction debris in the development of roads could help in multiple ways, like reducing solid waste generation, and the issue of the fast filling of landfill sites due to the dumping of construction debris can be reduced to a great extent. While there is limited use of debris in the construction of roads, there are great opportunities for developing more environmentally friendly uses of construction debris in the future.
Recommendations: Based on this study, we recommend using construction debris for transport corridor projects to make them more sustainable in the long run.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 20, 2015
The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) was launched by the Govern... more The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) was launched by the Government of India in 2005 to address the issues of urban decay and poverty. The objective of the program was to improve the living conditions of people in urban areas by providing basic servicesand infrastructure. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the JnNURM program in achieving its goals. The evaluation is based on the analysis of various performance indicators such as physical progress, financial management, and social outcomes.The study finds that JnNURM has been successful in achieving its objectives to a certain extent. However, there are still some gaps and challenges that need to be addressed to make the program more effective. The study concludes by recommending some measures to improve the implementation and effectiveness of the JnNURM program.
IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science, Jun 1, 2024
Background: Due to advances in biotechnology and the material sciences in the last decade, we hav... more Background: Due to advances in biotechnology and the material sciences in the last decade, we have developed some smart and innovative materials that can be developed further to benefit humanity. One of them is the self-healing concrete which could be hyper-porousholding water like a sponge and which can be used for making our building eco-friendly by using the green walls and green roofs concept. This self-healing concrete composed of 90% recycled material. On the other hand, there is self-sensing concrete (pressure-sensitive or piezoresistive concrete) which has been developed by mixing functional fillers like-carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes, nickel powder, steel fibres, etc. into concrete to enhance its capacity to sense stress, strain, cracking or damage and even improving mechanical properties which can be used further for converting the footfalls into electricity and developing self-sensing building to act as a warning system for the residents in event of any natural or man-made calamities. Methods: We have used the systematic literature study to find the latest developments in the field of material science regarding these two materials under discussion. This will focus more on the recent research and wider applications by encouraging more research and adaptation. Findings: This research paper will delve into depth to find more interesting aspects of the new innovative materials and study the comparatively different aspects like applicability, uses, manufacturing process, cost of construction, time of setting, environmental benefits and economic benefits that humanity can gain by adopting this in construction of buildings. Results: This research will help policymakers to look for more comprehensive uses in future. Conclusions: The findings of the research paper will help in the adoption and further research in the field of biocrete and self-sensing concrete which can be applied in the field of construction and other allied fields for the future.
Suranaree J. Sci. Technol. , 2024
This article presents a thorough review of traffic safety research , concentrating on surrogate s... more This article presents a thorough review of traffic safety research , concentrating on surrogate safety assessment methods. It explores how advanced technologies can innovate approaches to enhance road safety. Surrogate safety assessment utilizes near misses , traffic conflicts , and other precursors to predict potential hazards proactively. Incorporating state-of-the-art technologies like connected vehicles , advanced sensors , and simulators , this study aims to establish a robust framework for surrogate safety analysis. It includes a comparative analysis of various surrogate safety indicators to assess their effectiveness in predicting and preventing traffic incidents , with a focus on vulnerable road users. By integrating machine learning and deep learning techniques, this research enhances the predictive capabilities of surrogate safety models , facilitating proactive safety interventions. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions on transportation safety , offering insights into the evolving field of surrogate safety analysis. They aim to guide policymakers , urban planners , and transportation professionals in implementing evidence-based strategies to mitigate safety risks and improve overall road safety.
Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2024
The Council of Planning in India represents a significant initiative within the nation’s governan... more The Council of Planning in India represents a significant initiative within the nation’s governance framework. Geographically situated in the diverse and dynamic landscape of India, this proposed council aims to address pressing issues related to urban and regional planning. As a burgeoning idea in the planning community, it seeks official consideration to harness its potential fully. The current status of the Council of Planning is in its nascent stages, where advocates and experts in the field are fervently advocating for its establishment. This moment is pivotal as it has garnered momentum and is poised for official deliberation. The pertinence of our letter at this juncture lies in its potential to boost the morale of the planning community. This signifies the importance of realizing this vision, providing encouragement and motivation to see this idea bear fruit, ultimately enhancing India’s planning infrastructure.
International Journal of Research, Mar 2014
This paper is a study of the Total Sanitation Campaign which sought to ensure open defecation fre... more This paper is a study of the Total Sanitation Campaign which sought to ensure open defecation free India by 2012. The campaign has been renamed as Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in the 12th Five Year Plan. The study tries to see to what extent the campaign has been able to achieve its objects and whether the claims of some of the states to attain 100 percent open defecation free status are true or mis-represented. The major finding of this paper is that it shows how the claim of the open defecation free status is erroneous. The paper has been analytical and come out with some of the findings and suggestions which will be of great help to the policy planners and other people or agencies involved in the field of planning and management of schemes for development.
International Journal of Research (IJR), Feb 2014
This paper on urban form in planning and design is intended to discuss how the old concepts are c... more This paper on urban form in planning and design is intended to discuss how the old concepts are changing and new meaning of the urban form is emerging in the planning and development of urban centres. The paper is an attempt to elucidate the basic concepts of the urban forms and how they are perceived at different levels of the planning and design exercises.
The paper finally concludes with findings and recommendations which can guide the future course of development of new towns and the growth of the urban centres.
This paper on universal design is intended to bring out the relation between the concept of the u... more This paper on universal design is intended to bring out the relation between the concept of the universal design and social equity. The principles of the universal design can be fine tuned with some efforts, we as architects, planners, civil engineers and product designers can make this world a better place to live not only for those who are healthy and wealthy, but all those who are disadvantaged in some manner like children, elderly, differently abled-person,pregnant women and medically unfit persons.
This paper had tried to present the concepts, definitions and principles of universal design in a consolidated manner which forms the base for the study of the role of universal design in social equity.
This paper also explores how the universal design and the legal framework for equality are interrelated and interconnected. The legal and moral guidelines often act as a torch for
Professionals who are involved and build environment design to act judiciously.
The paper presents some instances of design which has been meeting the mandates of the universal design and authors seek to create an increased awareness among professionals to be conscious of the needs of the different categories of users.
The paper finally concludes with findings and recommendations which can guide the future course of development in the field of universal design.
International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research, 2013
This paper on sustainable development strategies
and Approaches is an attempt to get a holistic ... more This paper on sustainable development strategies
and Approaches is an attempt to get a holistic view of the
sustainable development and how this can be achieved through
the integrated development approach at various levels. The
paper starts with understanding the definition of the sustainable
development and they the author attempt to analyze the
sustainable development strategies and approaches at different
levels. Starting with building and moving towards sustainable
neighbourhood and then towards the sustainable urban and
regional areas is a good attempt to get an overall approach to the
sustainable development rather than thinking about the
different links and missing out the final goal and objectives of
the sustainable development. Readers will find this article to get
the overall picture that emerges after the continued efforts at
different levels, international, national level, regional,
neighbourhood and building level in such a lucid manner that
any non-technical person can easily understand the concept of
the sustainable development and various prevalent sustainable
development strategies and approaches.
Books by Shashikant Nishant Sharma
Springer , 2025
The study uses a comprehensive search strategy to identify relevant studies, including peer-revie... more The study uses a comprehensive search strategy to identify relevant studies, including peer-reviewed articles, conference proceedings, and technical reports. A total of 42 studies were selected for inclusion in the review, and their findings are synthesized using a thematic analysis approach. Prefabrication building construction is an emerging trend in the Indian construction industry. This paper aims to provide an overview of prefabrication technology and its use in building construction in India. The benefits and challenges of prefabrication, as well as the factors that influence its adoption in India, are discussed. The paper also provides an overview of the current state of the prefabrication industry in India, and the key players in the market. Finally, the paper highlights successful prefabrication projects in India and concludes that prefabrication technology has the potential to revolutionize the construction industry in India and address some of its key challenges.
EduPub, 2023
As the planet heats up, so do our minds. Climate Change and Mental Heat explores the profound imp... more As the planet heats up, so do our minds. Climate Change and Mental Heat explores the profound impact of climate change on our mental health and wellbeing. From the anxiety of living through natural disasters to the existential dread of a warming world, this book delves into the complex psychological effects of climate change. With groundbreaking research and compelling storytelling, Climate Change and Mental Heat reveals the hidden toll of climate change on our minds and offers a powerful call to action for building resilience and hope in the face of uncertainty.
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Papers by Shashikant Nishant Sharma
Methods: The method used for this assessment is the LCA model. The LCA method consists of four main phases: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory (LCI), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), and interpretation.
Results: The assessment showed us that the long-term use of construction material bricks is not sustainable. Our results showed that while concrete is more durable than bricks and is widely used, the government does not promote the construction of roads using concrete and bricks. Conclusions: The environmental impact of the LCA of construction materials like bricks and concrete can be recycled and used for road construction, and thus, we can reduce the negative impact of construction debris. We concluded that the use of construction debris in the development of roads could help in multiple ways, like reducing solid waste generation, and the issue of the fast filling of landfill sites due to the dumping of construction debris can be reduced to a great extent. While there is limited use of debris in the construction of roads, there are great opportunities for developing more environmentally friendly uses of construction debris in the future.
Recommendations: Based on this study, we recommend using construction debris for transport corridor projects to make them more sustainable in the long run.
The paper finally concludes with findings and recommendations which can guide the future course of development of new towns and the growth of the urban centres.
This paper had tried to present the concepts, definitions and principles of universal design in a consolidated manner which forms the base for the study of the role of universal design in social equity.
This paper also explores how the universal design and the legal framework for equality are interrelated and interconnected. The legal and moral guidelines often act as a torch for
Professionals who are involved and build environment design to act judiciously.
The paper presents some instances of design which has been meeting the mandates of the universal design and authors seek to create an increased awareness among professionals to be conscious of the needs of the different categories of users.
The paper finally concludes with findings and recommendations which can guide the future course of development in the field of universal design.
and Approaches is an attempt to get a holistic view of the
sustainable development and how this can be achieved through
the integrated development approach at various levels. The
paper starts with understanding the definition of the sustainable
development and they the author attempt to analyze the
sustainable development strategies and approaches at different
levels. Starting with building and moving towards sustainable
neighbourhood and then towards the sustainable urban and
regional areas is a good attempt to get an overall approach to the
sustainable development rather than thinking about the
different links and missing out the final goal and objectives of
the sustainable development. Readers will find this article to get
the overall picture that emerges after the continued efforts at
different levels, international, national level, regional,
neighbourhood and building level in such a lucid manner that
any non-technical person can easily understand the concept of
the sustainable development and various prevalent sustainable
development strategies and approaches.
Books by Shashikant Nishant Sharma