Electrical

Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) is the most abundant protein in normal human urine. It was first described as "urinary mucoprotein" by Morner [1] and further characterized when Tamm and Horsfall [21 described the salt precipitation method of isolating THP from urine and found it to be the substance responsible for urinary inhibition of myxovirusinduced hemagglutination. It is present in the kidneys of all placental mammals but has not been demonstrated in marsupials, monotremes, or other vertebrates . THP is a major constituent of urinary casts , and in humans, the daily excretion ranges from 20 to 200 mg . Its physicochemical and biological properties have been studied extensively, but its function has remained obscure [6, 81.

Results show that an isolated mutant of the cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum is a fastgrowing strain. It exhibits approximately twofold higher NaCl tolerance than the wild type. It also reveals cross-resistance against the herbicide 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), drug bacitracin, and LiCl. Further, an improved LiCl tolerance property of both the mutant and wild-type strains at high concentration of NaCl (40 mM) may be interpreted in terms of competitive inhibition of the Li ϩ uptake by Na ϩ ions, whereas bacitracin resistance in these organisms is described to be the result of an alteration in the drug transporting channels of membrane. The multiple stress tolerance property of the A. doliolum may be attributed to altered membrane characteristics in the mutant strain, leading to reduced intake of such toxicants.

To investigate pre-equilibrium emission of light nuclear particle(s), an experiment has been performed using α beams at the Variable Energy Cyclotron Center (VECC), Kolkata, India. In the present work, excitation functions for 58 Ni(α, p) 61 Cu, 58 Ni(α, pn) 60 Cu, 60 Ni(α, p2n) 61 Cu, 60 Ni(α, n) 63 Zn, 60 Ni(α, 2n) 62 Zn, 61 Ni(α, 3n) 62 Zn, and 61 Ni(α, 2n) 63 Zn reactions have been measured by using the stacked foil activation technique followed by off-line γ -ray spectroscopy. Experimentally measured excitation functions have been compared with the prediction of the theoretical model code ALICE-91 with and/or without the inclusion of pre-equilibrium emission. Analysis of the data suggests that an admixture of both equilibrium and pre-equilibrium emission is needed to reproduce experimental data at energies ≈8-40 MeV and reveals significant contribution from pre-equilibrium emission. An attempt has also been made to estimate the pre-equilibrium contribution, which has been found to depend on projectile energy and on number of emitted particle(s).

The complete fusion probability has been measured and deduced after the incorporation of recently proposed surface energy coefficient in one dimensional barrier penetration model at a fixed value of diffuseness parameter for the systems 12 C+ 159 Tb and 16 O + 159 Tb. Experimental results are compared for several systems involving different projectile and same target ( 159 Tb). The comparison of the results with weakly and strongly bound systems shows a strong dependence of reduced complete fusion probability on the alpha Q-value. In order to study the degree of fusion incompleteness involved in various projectiles, results are also compared with the recently proposed Universal Fusion Function.

Addition of 5 micromolar Cu2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ was inhibitory to 10 micromolar H202-supported Hill activity (dichlorophenolindophenol reduction) and 02 evolution in membrane preparation from Anacystis nidulans. The reversal of Cd2+ and Zn2+ inhibition, in contrast to Cu2+, by exogenously added catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) suggested that the former cations were inhibitory to H202 degradation. Ascorbic acid (20 micromolar) supported 27% of the Hill activity which was insensitive to DCMU (10 micromolar) and the remaining activity, attributable to the DCMU sensitive process, was sensitive to inhibition by Cu2 only. It is suggestive

We investigated IS6110 polymorphism in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients attending the outpatient department at various hospitals in northern India. DNA fingerprinting of 126 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) associated with the IS6110 element in M. tuberculosis genomes. A substantive degree of polymorphism was evident in the MDR M. tuberculosis isolates. The number of bands in the fingerprints varied from 0 to 19. However, the lack of common bands made it difficult to cluster the majority of these isolates. We were also unable to associate drug resistance with IS6110 copy number. Specific regions of the gyrA and katG genes from a representative number of these isolates were sequenced to determine the genotype. The majority of the isolates analyzed were found to belong to Group 1, indicating that these strains were evolutionarily older. We find no evidence of the W strain, prevalent in the US, in our study. The epidemiological patterns of the various strains in India seem to be very complex, as reflected by the presence of a large number of different strains (types) within north India.

The purpose of the present work is to improve the antimalarial activity of the drug arteether (AE) by enhancing its solubility, by loading it into a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). The in vitro drug release profi le of the NLC showed 93% drug release in 32 h. Complete eradication of the parasite from the blood and effi cient anti-malarial pharmacological activity were observed, with the use of AE-loaded NLCs. These results suggest that nanolipid carriers of AE could be a promising carrier system to deliver the poorly soluble antimalarial drug through the oral route, by enhancing its solubility as well as preventing its degradation in the stomach.

The quest to reduce greenhouse gases has triggered the development of new chemical fixation of carbon dioxide. Given the importance of CO2 based transformation chemistry, we demonstrate fixation of CO2 for oxazolidinedione synthesis via a novel multicomponent synthesis. In the presence of a catalytic amount of Cu2O, various 2-bromo-3-phenylacrylic acid derivatives reacted with CO2 and amines are transformed to the corresponding oxazolidinediones derivatives in high yields.

Hydropower is a major energy source among the renewable energy sources. According to "BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2013", 16.34 percentage of global power generation acquire from hydropower. To attain efficient generation in hydro plant, extensive design with the up to date technology is mandatory. To make the generation more effective various technologies are adopted, among these the very effective one is power electronics (PE) technology. The paper has reviewed the challenges in how PE technology fits in as the solution for various hydroelectric energy systems (HEES). The PE technology is adapted efficiently in various parts of HEES like, grid integration, machine control, switching (pumping mode to generating mode and vice versa), power control, voltage and frequency control, power factor correction, etc., The advancement of PE technology diminishes the cost and space of the plant and enhances the power handling capability. The paper emergence the outstanding features of power electronics in various aspects that will extensively contribute to the development of HEES around the world. In addition, PE contribution satisfies the need of reliability, dynamic response, efficiency, protection, etc., in HEES.