Architecture and Urbanism

Abstract The role of the human body in cognitive science approaches has often been overshadowed by the prevailing mindset of mind-body dualism within architectural theory over the course of centuries. Despite the body's crucial significance in cognitive viewpoints within architectural theory, it prompts us to reflect on its historical standing and cognitive function evolution. The inquiry lies in understanding how the body and its cognitive implications have shaped the progression of architectural theory throughout time. Through the lens of logical reasoning and a descriptive-analytical approach, this article endeavors to delve into the nuanced exploration of the body across various architectural epochs. By tracing the evolution of body interpretations from the tangible to the phenomenological realms, it scrutinizes the shifts in architectural ideation concerning the cognitive dimensions of the human body. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of phenomenological perspectives on discussions surrounding bodily expressions and the adaptive alteration of individuals' perceptions of their corporeal presence in diverse real-world scenarios. Architects, albeit these transformations, persist in retaining a human-centric view, laying emphasis on geometric, formal, and numerical considerations in architectural compositions.

public spaces have long played an important role in the lives of urban communities, and in the new era, the development of technology and bringing communities to life has been the need for public spaces to respond to human needs. public spaces answer many factors which in this research are specialized in the items of promotion and identity in the ambient environment of kermanshah city which is one of the known spaces in iran. Finally, the findings of the research will be drawn up by the drawing methods.

Utilization of consumers to mitigate the impact of increasing renewable resources on power systems is one of the visions of future smart grids. Flexible consumers are consumers who can change their consumption patterns in such a way as to help the grid to tackle the balancing problem. In previous work, we proposed a hierarchical structure to provide regulating power to the grid by just utilizing the consumption units. The main focus of that work was on designing a centralized controller, a so-called aggregator, which is responsible for aggregating the flexibilities in an optimal way. To accomplish the optimization, the aggregator requires a model which describes the behavior of each consumption unit. These models should be sufficiently simple to be used in the optimization task. However, simple models might not capture all dynamics and features of the real system. In this paper, we will evaluate the proposed setup to understand to what extent the utilization of simplified models can lead to reasonable results. To this end, we will connect the aggregator to a complex and verified model of an actual supermarket refrigeration system which enables us to investigate the closed-loop behavior of the whole setup .

From the advent of Islam, the religious buildings are one of the main elements of the Islamic cities and the religious buildings in the form and structure of the city was with the creation of the first Islamic cities. One of the religious buildings with effective role in organizing the Islamic cities is holy shrine. The sons of Imam (12 Imam in Shia) and the related shrines are considered. There are some holy shrines in Iraq and most of them are in the cities and villages of Iran. Sadat (the son and grand sons of Imam) distribution was not similar in all areas and the there are many holy shrines where they felt safe as Rey Mountain, Tabarestan and some central areas in Iran. As Mazandaran province (Old Tabarestan) was the place of formation of Alavian government and the children of the Prophete peace be upon him and most of the Sadat and the children of Imaman (pbuh) were killed in the battles in this region and the war with the enemies of the Prophete children, there are many holy shrines in this area. According to the statistics 1996, there are more than 979 shrines in Mazandaran province. The present study was done to evaluate the position of the holy shrines in a city with the case study of Imamzade Yahya shrine in Sari (one of the ancient cities in Mazandaran) was done with field study. The aim was the evaluation of the position of this shrine in old tissue of Sary city as the identity center and social interaction center of this city and its structural-spatial organization is as it is linked with the historical identity of the past of the city. The present study investigated the active nature of this area with the presence of market and Imamzade Yahya shrine as the economical center and referred to the important role of this shrine in the old tissue of Sari as one of the organizing elements in this city.

The evergreen land of Mazandaran with the high mountains and green plains of the coast of Caspian Sea has enriched civilization and culture. Indeed, the researchers can not ignore the role of Mazandaran people in construction and fixation and development of intellectual identity and Iranian-Islamic culture. The study of these roles and their activity is used to review and improve Islamic-Iranian identity of people. " Mazandaran review " considered the study with the index features as: Subject: History and civilization, culture and literature, art and architecture, religion and etc. Aim: Improving the awareness, religious, cultural and social identity, improving the public self-confidence (Mazandaran people), providing research grounds for development of the young researchers namely Mazandarani researchers. Audience: All people namely educated young generation.

By formation of the human being societies and formation of the cities increased the crime and the more extensive the societies, the greater the crime domain and prevention and planning to prevent the crime is unavoidable. The experts in sociology and criminology studied the crime and prevention strategies from each aspect. It should be considered that the effective role of society's management is important as it is considered as urban management. Most of the state systems as the componets of urban management in their duty domain delegated some responsibilities as general and specific legal rules to the people and considered its violation as offence. Thus, the offender should be punished and the systems by the current rules have some duties and tasks and ignoring them cause the occurrence of crimes. Municipality, Jihad Keshavarzi management, natural resources office, Islamic guidance and culture office, physical education office, etc are the systems with direct association with the citizens and the lack of suitable planning and unsuitable performance of some of the systems caused that great amount of the files in the legal system is dedicated to these systems. The design and layout of the buildings, considering urban furniture and public parks, public recreations in the forest outside the cities, determining the border of the villages and guiding plans implementation to avoid transgression to the agricultural land and gardens, determining the border and determining the national land domain with warning boards, developing sport spaces and management of sport spaces as non-profit, holding national and religious festivals beyond leisure time of people are all the measurements done by authorities of urban management and its correct implementation can have important role in reduction of crime. The present study investigated the duties and tasks of some of the state systems and emphasized on the effective role of their function on prevention of crime and the reduction of crime and criticized their performance.

Folding philosophy as one of west philosophy products emerged new theories in theoretical basics of architecture and by formation of folding style; new paradigms of post-modern thinking in architecture field were presented. The study of folding philosophy as one of the results of post modernism from Islamic thought view can play important role in close relation of Muslim nationals thinking with the new concepts of post-modern philosophy and attempts to present the new manifestations of this thought in architecture well. The Muslims from second and third centuries (Hijri) (After the migration of the Prophet from Mecca to Medina) were familiar with Greek philosophy by syriac Christians. Before Islam, the works of some Greek philosophy were taught in Jondishapour University and some Greek lecturers came to Iran and worked in this university. The present study evaluated the capacities of interaction of post-modern thinking and folding philosophy specifically with Islamic thought from comparative view and achieves the similarities and differences.

Natural phenomena and environmental have important role about culture economic and social infrastructures. The Iranian's buildings in the desert are difference with the other regions, because the climate of desert is so different. Because of there was not a modern technology for a long times. The architects were forced to solve their problems with natural conditions. In the past, without new technology just some sagacious architecture ways can help in hard condition like summer. Badgir or wind catcher is an old technology that with it, the interior space became cooler. The function of wind catcher depends on the condition of wind catcher sun radiation in the area. In the past time and in historical buildings in hot and dry area, the wind tower functioned similar the modern airconditioner. Material of wind catcher is so important because of high swing of temperature is difference between day and night in this area. They made wind catcher with mud brick and it save the heat of sun during the day and reflected it to environment during the night.

A B S T R A C T Today, regard for the wellbeing of the group and the earth is on the plan of most nations on the planet, and one of its imperative viewpoints is the contamination of the air and figuring out how to diminish it. Without a doubt, a standout amongst the most vital ranges that assume an unequivocal part in decreasing or expanding this parameter is the city and urban morphology. Tehran, which is viewed as the capital and vital city of Iran, has experienced this issue for a long time, and there are no legitimate arrangement found to decrease its air contamination. Then again, the city has movement from different parts of the nation consistently that makes this issue harsher. The most vital issue in such manner is the city's range, and in addition the city's extension, which decides the thickness of the city. The greater part of this must be joined by the wear and tear of a low standard, which includes a high level of contamination. The failure of the vast majority to purchase houses inside the city has made satellite towns nearby Tehran. Then again, the presence of tremendous local locations around Tehran and the area of workplaces in the downtown area are among alternate issues tended to in this investigation. This examination endeavored to utilize the explanatory expressive technique to think about the part of pressure and morphology of Tehran and its effect on air contamination and give answers for diminishing air contamination and movement.