Jacob Lucas Samoraj

University of Hull, Politics and International Studies, Graduate Student

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A well-trained, independent, Polish-British, analytic academic (B.A., M.A.) with primary interests in new developments in International Relations Theory and ways in which theory could have a practical impact on modern strategy and contemporary diplomacy especially among Great Powers. Application of updated the English School Theory of International Society alongside with synthetic tools of analysis such as analytic eclecticism are applied not only to build bridges with other paradigms but to address the realities of power politics, discuss normative and ethical aspects of leadership, develop ideas for America's renewal and invent solutions to global-scale problems of the 21st Century. Analytic eclecticism is a technique by which several strands of competing theories are incorporated to gain a detailed understanding of practical problems. The theory and practice offered reflect my firm belief that there is a possibility of building order that rises well above the permanent struggle for power. Academic research is focused on the future of humanity and preservation of civilisation for the next generations. Justification for seeking knowledge is to devote and concentrate energies to the service of a good cause and greater common good. Analytic research aims to select leading intellectuals, distinguished professors and bring excellent scholarship alongside innovative tools of discovery such as mathematics, philosophy, and science to bear on big-picture questions about humanity and its long-term prospects. Equally, my academic work investigates possibilities in which resilient, local communities can use smart and sustainable development strategies to harness ecosystem services to promote the physical, social, environmental and economic well-being while adapting to a changing climate on Earth and resolving novel, global challenges of the 21st Century intelligently.

Interdisciplinary research interests are in: problem-solving approaches to climate change, environment and sustainability; English language and learning development; Physics and science; philosophy of mind; creative thinking and problem-solving; plus new directions in American foreign policy initiated and implemented by President Barack Obama. Research aims to offer 'the audacity of hope' and maximum trust for problem-solving talent amongst the prevailing, low-spirit, academic discourse about the possibilities of the end of 400-year Western domination of the world. While the concept of 'the shift of the centre of economic gravity' from the West to East is gaining popularity, it is not predetermined that America is in a state of absolute decline or that it will be replaced as the world's leader by China. Although such scenario is possible, at some point in the future, any currently produced, reliable forecasts could be extrapolated in the context of global power sharing. It is in the vested interest of all Great Powers to initiate fair planetary management focusing on preservation of global public goods. The potential absence of energetic and meaningful American leadership alongside other Great Powers through creating 'a more inclusive system of global power management' (gpm) could fatally undermine the essential communality of the global commons because the superiority and ubiquity of American power creates order where there would normally be conflict. America could activate leadership of the West to act as a conciliator with the new rising East including Russia and China. Evaluation of President Obama's foreign policy suggests that it is possible to modernize the practice of diplomacy and bring new tools and approaches to effectively address climate change. For success to be complete in foreign affairs strategy, short-sighted policy impulses need to be channelled into a broader and more far-sighted vision of global stability.

Academic goal: to empower global leaders to apply innovative, well-thought-out ideas alongside verifiable strategies to address humanity's grand challenges (population, poverty, material overconsumption). Global leaders need to start to think in 'a bigger picture', in categories of the whole Planet to secure a long-term future for Earth. This can be accomplished by investing in solar electricity and clean power-plants, converting vehicles to electricity, halting all fossil fuel developments, cutting subsidies to the fossil fuel industry, providing funds so that everyone has access to clean drinking water and stop destroying the very foundation of the environment on which human civilisation was built. Academic papers aim to advance the idea of the greater use of international organizations, soft and smart power. More opportunity needs to be given to the Global South while promoting a peaceful, balanced and just 21st century. A century, in which human civilisation could flourish. A century, in which young generations of global citizens could gain access to education and shape the future with vision.

Find me on twitter: @JSamoraj
Supervisors: Dr Thomas Kane and Professor Colin Tyler

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The significance of social movements throughout history. How can a global climate movement encourage and empower people’s efforts to solve climate change?

Climate change, driven primarily by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestati... more Climate change, driven primarily by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, poses one of the greatest challenges of the present time. The solutions require a multifaceted approach, involving policy reforms, technological innovations, and individual actions. Research suggests humans can address climate change through international cooperation and relying on constructive leadership. This paper provides a detailed examination of how humans can deconstruct climate change drawing from extensive research on social movements. It expands on the key points offering a professional and thorough overview for readers seeking a deeper understanding. This paper explores the significance of social movements throughout history to shed light on the possibility of mobilising global people’s climate movement to address the challenge of climate change effectively with the help of people and by using the solution that people advocate. The aim is to objectively examine the history of the world in search of major social movements that resulted in unprecedented shifts in consciousness and habits leading to big, global change. The rationale for the paper is to shed light on a pathway that would unlock the puzzle of how to solve climate change effectively by discovering a paradigm-shifting breakthrough. Such tailored approach has been adopted to broaden and enrich knowledge on people’s motivated solutions to climate change underscoring the importance of addressing the top priority issue that the community finds significant. Consequently, this paper’s core research question is: To what extent have social movements been the key drivers of significant change throughout history, and how can a present global climate movement change the history thanks to organized problem-solving on a larger, global scale? Taking an objective consideration of the history of the world, including biblical history, it will be argued that major, global political shifts resulted from movements of billions of people usually following an enlightened leader who offered a significant change in perspective showing the way for the followers. Principled and character-based leaders were not only mobilizing the masses but also teaching humanity what real leadership is, administering supernatural way of life and helping to solve problems. Thus, the greatest leader was not necessarily the one who did the greatest things. The greatest leader was the one who got the people to do the greatest things collectively by often leading them out of the condition of despair and political oppression, offering a solution in a hopeless situation leading towards greater prosperity, self-realization, freedom or security. This paper argues that God prepared ordinary individuals chosen for spiritual leadership to act in ways that demonstrate universal care for the planet. People’s liberation usually coincided with leaders effectively providing care by shepherding their people just like God’s Son, Jesus. God protected the brave leaders just like shepherds protected their sheep. God used kings of kingdoms, priests in temples and prophets to nations in order to lead His people towards His promise of a greater hope. Hope refers to hoping when things are hopeless, but it is a matter of platitude when everything is calm and bright. It is only when everything gets dark that hope begins to be a strength. In this context, hope is not blind faith that things will somehow get better. It is rather a realistic belief that things can get better, since despair is an illusion of certainty, while hope is an appreciation of possibility. As the Evangelist, Luke (1: 37) reminded, ‘‘For with God, nothing will be impossible.’’ The results of this paper point out that effective change-makers and global leaders embraced hope to turn things around. That means literally transforming a desperate situation into a possibility of a positive outcome. Change requires finding the way, showing the way and leading the way. A quote by the ancient Chinese philosopher, Lao Tzu aligns with this notion: “A leader is best when people barely know he exists, when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will say: we did it ourselves.’’ The quote emphasizes the importance of humility, performing duties with diligence without asking for recognition. There is no way towards a brighter future without a strong will, and there is no will without hope. Political agency is the key to tackling global problems such as climate change, because when leaders organize communities, they also organize villages, and then, equally, the whole cities, after that they organize nations, and finally, they organize the whole world around ‘the idea whose time has come.’ The nucleus of analysis is the idea whose time has come is building a disaster-free world and tackling climate change in advance through the implementation of green, nature-based solutions to confront climate change and create a future where everyone can thrive. It is argued that it is individuals who play a central role in transformations for change. Since the biblical times of Moses, social movement leadership has been successful and proved to be effective in dethroning reckless tyrants, putting dictators who oppress humanity out of their seats and scattering the proud, mighty and cruel leaders who used to run the world. While there have been exceptions throughout history, leadership has too often been the sad tale of governments using citizens or subjects to serve and enrich themselves, instead of the other way around to serve people and improve life quality. However, there were some of the greatest leaders in the Bible, who were individuals that others would have totally discounted, both on the basis of their past and upbringing, and their training. Jesus, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Joshua, David, Samuel, Isaiah, Daniel, John the Baptist, Peter and Paul were chosen for leadership and became great leaders because their hearts were humble and completely devoted to God. As much as we can learn from their examples, we can equally infer lessons from modern examples, which include: Mahatma Gandhi, who aimed to create sustainable development, balanced development of body, mind and soul; Reverend Martin Luther King, who defined power as ‘‘the ability to achieve purpose’’ and ‘‘the strength required to bring about social, political and economic change.’’ Movements which show how to organize communities can mobilize people’s power to effect major change. But there is also a deeper meaning to that because ultimately someone has to carry the shining torch of reason and progress to the furthest corners of the earth. Movement is one thing, another is that a movement has to be effective and realistic enough so that to translate vision into action without crystalising utopias. For every major breakthrough for every world-changing innovation—there is a hidden force at the center that enables to propel imagination, and then turn it into action. First, find a challenge, develop a vision, then design a strategy, and finally, overcome the challenge through social change. Immanuel Kant in philosophy, for instance, and Goethe in literature coined a new sense of production, dialogue and discourse which is best exemplified in Kant’s concept of the Einbildungs-kraf, the power to turn imagination into a reality. This is how a small movement can beat a beast through imagination and doing with little. Such power is productive not because it conjures up a grand vision detached from reality, but because it is capable of conceiving the formal characteristic of a vision of civilization before any empirical conception is possible and then turning it into action. According to Kant, the morphological description of natural phenomena was an integral part of the productive activity of nature – it is nature acting in the scientist and researcher. For Goethe, the artist is productive because nature is working in him. Nature has power and knowledge is power since it listens to nature. Creative problem-solving involves continuous experimentation, revision and sharpening of ideas. The longer options are kept open, the more likely it is that the solution will be original. At the present, the key priority for global civilization is the alleviation of climatic catastrophes and climate security. Very little research has been carried out till this date on the potential social impacts of climate change on the United Kingdom coast. Therefore, the social justice implications of climate change are not well understood. This paper defines climate justice as: ensuring that collectively and individually, people have the ability to prevent, prepare for, respond to and recover from climate change impacts – and the policies to mitigate or adapt to them – by considering existing vulnerabilities, resources and capabilities. Climate injustice relates to how the impacts of climate change will be felt differently by different groups and how some people and places will be more vulnerable than others to these impacts. What if people dared to transform the civilisation in which they live following the persuasive, still realistic vision of the regenerative communities model? In the face of global, systemic, and cataclysmic civilisational collapse, solutions offered by the people at the very least need to build from a smaller gradually to bigger networks, systemic thereby global by effectively rescuing an ageing, technetronic and therefore endangered, vulnerable civilisation. While research on social movements is wide there is a gap to fill about the degree to which climate movement may have a leverage in today’s global politics. It would be a drawback for the global progress if the now increasingly vulnerable humanity would only act on climate after it was too late. Strategic insecurity is now a fact of life on a scale heretofore not experienced by the now increasingly vulnerable humanity but breakthrough on climate change is foresee...

Jacob Lucas Samoraj

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