Rapid and efficient plant regeneration of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) from cotyledonary leaf explants
Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2011
The aim of this study was to develop an efficient protocol for establishment of plant regeneratio... more The aim of this study was to develop an efficient protocol for establishment of plant regeneration through cotyledonary leaf explants of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Two varieties of brinjal [Pusa purple long (PPL) and Black beauty (BB)] were used. High frequency and rapid ...
Abstract: Effect of different growth regulators and their concentration on callus formation and o... more Abstract: Effect of different growth regulators and their concentration on callus formation and organogenesis in various explants and callus was studied in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. 2, 4-D and NAA alone or in combination with Kn supported callus induction and ...
The variations induced by x-irradiation of seeds of Abelmoschus esculentus in xz generation have ... more The variations induced by x-irradiation of seeds of Abelmoschus esculentus in xz generation have been studied. Percentage of germination showed a slight increase in treatments at 1 to 3 kR, while at the higher doses there was a gradual decrease in germination. Seedling growth measured at regular intervals of 6 hr up to 96 hr, showed that growth rate was reduced and germination delayed at doses of 8 to 10 kR. Lateral root number and length were not significantly effected by the dosage rate. Total chlorophyll content of leaves was reduced by 50~o at 8 kR treatment, while an increased chlorophyll metabolism was observed at doses of 4 and 7 kR. Increasing dose rate caused a gradual decrease in plant height. Early flowering was induced in 8, 9 and 10 kR treatments, while flowering was delayed in the 5 and 6 kR treated samples. Average pod length did not show significant variations between the different dose rates as was also the stomatal index. Increased seed weight was observed in samples treated above 8 kR.
Salinity is one of the important abiotic factors in limiting plant productivity (Munns, 2002). 19... more Salinity is one of the important abiotic factors in limiting plant productivity (Munns, 2002). 19.5% of the irrigated agricultural land is considered saline (Flowers & Yeo, 1995). Although minerals are essential for plants, their excess quantity in the soil is injurious to plants. Plants exposed to saline environment suffer from ion excess or water deficit and oxidative stress linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids (Hernandez, et al., 2000). Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the major damaging factors in plant cells exposed to salinity (Gossette, et al., 1994; Hernandez, et al., 1995; Khan & Panda, 2002; Queiros et al., 2007). The process of salt response and tolerance has been studied at the whole plant level (Hasegawa et al., 2000; Jogeshwar, et al., 2006). However the structural complexity of the whole plant makes it difficult to separate systemic from cellular salinity tolerance mechanism (Haw...
We have investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles on plant growth parameters such as Root ... more We have investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles on plant growth parameters such as Root length, fresh weight, Dry weight, Speed of germination and % Germination contents of economic important pulses, Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). The study was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. Five levels of silver nanoparticles (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40μg mL-1) were used. After germination, daily supply with 15ml from each concentration was carried out for 12 days during plant growth. Seed germination results indicate that AgNPs at their lower concentrations promoted seed germination and early seedling growth in Fenugreek, however at higher concentration showed slight adverse effects. Additionally, the lowest amount of these parameters was found with control plants, but the enhancing level of silver nanoparticles resulting in the reduction of these compounds. A significant positive influence on root length, root fresh weight and root dry weight root elongation was observed for all seeds in compared to those of unexposed control germination. The results showed that the effect of AgNPs was significant on germination percentage in P≤0.05. The results of this experiment showed that the use of AgNPs increased the germination in Fenugreek.
An ethno-botanical survey of Vijayapur district comprising five tehsils was conducted during Febr... more An ethno-botanical survey of Vijayapur district comprising five tehsils was conducted during February 2014 to December 2015. The main purpose of this survey was to document the traditional use of medicinal plants for primary infertility in women in vijayapur district. 13 species belonging to 13 genera and 12 families were found to be used to treat primary infertility. The scientific name, family, local name, habit along with part used and mode of their administration are provided.
A protocol for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was developed in two chickpea (Cicer ... more A protocol for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was developed in two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars ICCV-10 and Annigeri. Somatic embryos were induced from immature cotyledons on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and picloram alone or in combination with 0.5 -2.0 mg dm -3 N 6 -benzylaminopurine (BA) or kinetin (KIN). NAA was better for somatic embryo induction compared to other auxins. The well formed, cotyledonary shaped embryos germinated into plantlets with 36.6 % frequency on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg dm -3 BA + 0.5 mg dm -3 abscisic acid (ABA). The frequency of embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration was higher in cv. ICCV-10 as compared to cv. Annigeri. Regenerated plants were transferred to soil (40 % survival) and grown to maturity. Histological studies of explants at various developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis reveled that somatic embryos developed directly from the cotyledon cells and they were single cell origin.
A protocol for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was developed in two chickpea (Cicer ... more A protocol for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was developed in two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars ICCV-10 and Annigeri. Somatic embryos were induced from immature cotyledons on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and picloram alone or in combination with 0.5 -2.0 mg dm -3 N 6 -benzylaminopurine (BA) or kinetin (KIN). NAA was better for somatic embryo induction compared to other auxins. The well formed, cotyledonary shaped embryos germinated into plantlets with 36.6 % frequency on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg dm -3 BA + 0.5 mg dm -3 abscisic acid (ABA). The frequency of embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration was higher in cv. ICCV-10 as compared to cv. Annigeri. Regenerated plants were transferred to soil (40 % survival) and grown to maturity. Histological studies of explants at various developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis reveled that somatic embryos developed directly from the cotyledon cells and they were single cell origin.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation in red banana (Musa acuminataColla) is ... more Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation in red banana (Musa acuminataColla) is reported in the present communication.Male flower buds and suckers of red banana were transformed using A. tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 with the binary vector pCAMBIA1301, having hygromycin resistance gene as a selectable marker,âglucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter and a mutated version of the gene " 1 -pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CSF129A) encoding a proline biosynthetic pathway enzyme P5CS (EC 2.7.2.11/ 1.2.1.41) isolated from Vignaaconitifolia. Male flower buds proved to be better explants than suckers for the regeneration and genetic transformation. Green shoots were recovered from A. tumefaciens-transformed explants on selection medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 250 mg/L cefotaxime and 25 mg/L hygromycin. Shoots were rooted on MS basal medium fortified with 3 mg/L IBA, 250 mg/L cefotaxime and 25 mg/L hygromycin. Transient expression of the GUS was observed in transgenic plants. The integration of the P5CSF129A gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting techniques. Transformation frequency was 11.3% and transgenic T 0 plants accumulated 2 to 3-folds higher proline when compared to untransformed control plants. This work possibly paves the way for exploiting other genes for engineering salt, drought and temperature stress tolerance in red banana.
A system for in vitro selection of drought tolerant
callus lines in sugarcane was developed. High... more A system for in vitro selection of drought tolerant callus lines in sugarcane was developed. High molecular weight PEG was used as selective agent. Selected callus line grew better than non-selected callus when grown on different concentrations of PEG. The activity of antioxidant enzymes like CAT, POX, APX and SOD were high in selected callus than in non-selected callus. Osmolytes like proline and ascorbic acid were at higher levels in selected callus than in nonselected callus, however at higher concentrations (20–30 %) of PEG, levels of proline and ascorbic acid decreased. The frequency of organogenesis and number of plantlets decreased in selected callus than in non-selected callus. The results can be used for in vitro screening and manipulations of sugarcane for improvement of drought tolerance Keywords Antioxidantenzymes . Callus .PEG . Selection .
The synthesis of metals and nanoparticles is an expanding research area due to the potential
appl... more The synthesis of metals and nanoparticles is an expanding research area due to the potential applications for the development of novel technologies. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was investigated by reducing sliver nitrate with Cassiaauriculataleaf extract at room temperature. The plant belongs to family Ceasalpiniaceae and the plant is having promising medicinal properties for a wide range of human diseases. The synthesized nanoparticles characterized by the UV-Vis spectroscopy, revealed the formation of silver nanoparticles by exhibiting the typical surface plasmon absorption maxima at 420-435 nm.The peaks in the X ray Diffraction pattern are in good agreement with the standard values of the face-centered-cubic form of metallic silver. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that the compounds attached with silver nanoparticles could be polyphenols with aromatic ring and bound amide region and transmission electron microscope reveals that the particles are spherical and polydispersed.The antimicrobial activity of synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated against E.coli, Sarratiamarcascence, Bacillus subtilis ,Aspergillusniger and Aspergillusflavus. Fungi were most susceptible to silver nanoparticles followed by bacteria. Keywords: Biosynthesis, Silver nanoparticles, Cassia auriculata, Ceasalpiniaceae, antimicrobial.
Abstract Nanoparticles research is currently an area of passionate scientific
interest due to its... more Abstract Nanoparticles research is currently an area of passionate scientific interest due to its wide variety of potential applications in therapeutic and biomedical interest. This paper presents cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized by using Cassia auriculata leaf extract at room temperature on different cancer cell lines. The characterization was performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Measurement (TEM). Cytotoxicity was analyzed against human carcinoma cells lines by MTT assay, while genotoxicity was monitored by agarose gel electrophoresis method. The UV-Vis spectroscopy reveals surface plasmon absorption maxima at 541 nm for gold and 425 nm for silver. The peaks in XRD pattern were in good agreement with the standard values of the face centered cubic form, with an average size of 21 nm in gold and 20 nm in silver. TEM reveals that the particles were spherical and polydisperse. This biological procedure for synthesis of AuNPs and AgNPs and selective inhibition of cancerous cells opens an alternative avenue to treat human cancer effectively. Least concentration of AgNPs was more toxic and AuNPs reveals dose dependent response. Keywords Nanoparticles Biological synthesis Characterization Cytotoxicity Genotoxicity A.
Heavy metalsare important environmental pollutants and many of them are toxic even at very low
co... more Heavy metalsare important environmental pollutants and many of them are toxic even at very low concentrations. Pollution of the biosphere with heavy metals has accelerated dramatically since the industrial revolution. Metal toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in plants. Plants are susceptible to heavy metal toxicity and respond to avoid detrimental effects in a variety of different ways. Several studies revealed the additive and coordinative involvement of heavy metal transporters, ligands such as phytochelatins and metallothioneins, antioxidant, glyoxalase systems, heat shock proteins, proline, polyamines, salicylic acid, nitric oxide and miRNAs. They alleviate heavy metal stress by many differentways including restriction of uptake and transportof metals and throughsymbiotic association between plants and ectomycorrhizas or rhizobacteria. The aim of this review is to integrate a recent understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of heavy metal induced plant stress responses based on the findings of current plant molecular biological research. This paper also describes recent developments of transgenic plants with special reference to phytochelatin synthases and metallothionein genesfor improving plant metal tolerance and further applications in phytoremediation. Undoubtedly, isolation and overexpression of phytochelatin synthases and metallothionein genes have fostered some understanding of their role in metal stress tolerance. However, single genes are unlikely to help in the amelioration of heavy metal stress tolerance. Therefore, constructs with combinations of PC synthesis genes like γ-glutamylcysteine synthase (GCS), glutathione synthase (GSH synthase), ATP sulfurylase and serine acetyltransferase may be important besides many transcription factors associated with metal stress tolerance for developing a phytoremediator useful for removalof heavy metals from soils. Keywords: Heavy metal stress tolerance, phytochelatinsynthase, metallothioneins, miRNA,transgenics.
In the present investigation, successful and reproducible protocol for somatic embryogenesis was ... more In the present investigation, successful and reproducible protocol for somatic embryogenesis was developed for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cv. E8. Direct somatic embryo induction without an intervening callus phase is reported for the first time from 5 days old cotyledonary and hypocotyl explants. Embryogenic frequency as well as number of somatic embryos was dependent on concentration of 2, 4-D. The optimum concentration of 2,4-D required for induction high frequency and large number of somatic embryos was 3.0mg/l. Addition of cytokinins along with 2, 4-D, further enhanced the number of somatic embryos. Maximum number of somatic embryos per explant was noted on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l 2, 4-D + 1.0 mg/l BAP. Cotyledonary explants proved superior over hypocotyl explants and BAP over Kinetin. Conversion of somatic embryos into complete plantlets was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l ABA + 5.0 mg/l AgNO3. Proliferation of embryogenic cultures was confirmed by histological studies.
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Papers by srinath rao
callus lines in sugarcane was developed. High molecular
weight PEG was used as selective agent. Selected callus line
grew better than non-selected callus when grown on different
concentrations of PEG. The activity of antioxidant enzymes
like CAT, POX, APX and SOD were high in selected callus
than in non-selected callus. Osmolytes like proline and ascorbic
acid were at higher levels in selected callus than in nonselected
callus, however at higher concentrations (20–30 %)
of PEG, levels of proline and ascorbic acid decreased. The
frequency of organogenesis and number of plantlets decreased
in selected callus than in non-selected callus. The results can
be used for in vitro screening and manipulations of sugarcane
for improvement of drought tolerance
Keywords Antioxidantenzymes . Callus .PEG . Selection .
applications for the development of novel technologies. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was investigated by
reducing sliver nitrate with Cassiaauriculataleaf extract at room temperature. The plant belongs to family
Ceasalpiniaceae and the plant is having promising medicinal properties for a wide range of human diseases. The
synthesized nanoparticles characterized by the UV-Vis spectroscopy, revealed the formation of silver nanoparticles
by exhibiting the typical surface plasmon absorption maxima at 420-435 nm.The peaks in the X ray Diffraction
pattern are in good agreement with the standard values of the face-centered-cubic form of metallic silver. Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that the compounds attached with silver nanoparticles could be
polyphenols with aromatic ring and bound amide region and transmission electron microscope reveals that the
particles are spherical and polydispersed.The antimicrobial activity of synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated
against E.coli, Sarratiamarcascence, Bacillus subtilis ,Aspergillusniger and Aspergillusflavus. Fungi were most
susceptible to silver nanoparticles followed by bacteria.
Keywords: Biosynthesis, Silver nanoparticles, Cassia auriculata, Ceasalpiniaceae, antimicrobial.
interest due to its wide variety of potential applications in therapeutic and biomedical
interest. This paper presents cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of gold and
silver nanoparticles synthesized by using Cassia auriculata leaf extract at room
temperature on different cancer cell lines. The characterization was performed by
UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and Transmission Electron Measurement (TEM). Cytotoxicity was
analyzed against human carcinoma cells lines by MTT assay, while genotoxicity
was monitored by agarose gel electrophoresis method. The UV-Vis spectroscopy
reveals surface plasmon absorption maxima at 541 nm for gold and 425 nm for
silver. The peaks in XRD pattern were in good agreement with the standard values
of the face centered cubic form, with an average size of 21 nm in gold and 20 nm in
silver. TEM reveals that the particles were spherical and polydisperse. This biological
procedure for synthesis of AuNPs and AgNPs and selective inhibition of
cancerous cells opens an alternative avenue to treat human cancer effectively. Least
concentration of AgNPs was more toxic and AuNPs reveals dose dependent
response.
Keywords Nanoparticles Biological synthesis Characterization Cytotoxicity
Genotoxicity
A.
concentrations. Pollution of the biosphere with heavy metals has accelerated dramatically since the
industrial revolution. Metal toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects
in plants. Plants are susceptible to heavy metal toxicity and respond to avoid detrimental effects in a
variety of different ways. Several studies revealed the additive and coordinative involvement of
heavy metal transporters, ligands such as phytochelatins and metallothioneins, antioxidant,
glyoxalase systems, heat shock proteins, proline, polyamines, salicylic acid, nitric oxide and
miRNAs. They alleviate heavy metal stress by many differentways including restriction of uptake
and transportof metals and throughsymbiotic association between plants and ectomycorrhizas or
rhizobacteria. The aim of this review is to integrate a recent understanding of physiological and
biochemical mechanisms of heavy metal induced plant stress responses based on the findings of
current plant molecular biological research. This paper also describes recent developments of
transgenic plants with special reference to phytochelatin synthases and metallothionein genesfor
improving plant metal tolerance and further applications in phytoremediation. Undoubtedly,
isolation and overexpression of phytochelatin synthases and metallothionein genes have fostered
some understanding of their role in metal stress tolerance. However, single genes are unlikely to
help in the amelioration of heavy metal stress tolerance. Therefore, constructs with combinations of
PC synthesis genes like γ-glutamylcysteine synthase (GCS), glutathione synthase (GSH synthase),
ATP sulfurylase and serine acetyltransferase may be important besides many transcription factors
associated with metal stress tolerance for developing a phytoremediator useful for removalof heavy
metals from soils.
Keywords: Heavy metal stress tolerance, phytochelatinsynthase, metallothioneins, miRNA,transgenics.