આ મદદ પાનું ગુજરાતી ભાષાના ઇન્ટરનેશનલ ફોનેટિક આલ્ફાબેટ (IPA) ઉચ્ચારણોનું મદદ પાનું છે. વધુ માહિતી માટે જુઓ: { { IPA-gu } }
વ્યંજન
IPA ગુજરાતી IAST અંગ્રેજી અનુરૂપ
b
બ b b at
bʱ
ભ bh abh or
β [ ૧]
ભ bh somewhat like av erse
d
દ d d og
ð [ ૧]
ધ dh oth er
dʱ
ધ dh adh ere
ɖ
ડ ḍ somewhat like cord
ɖʱ
ઢ ḍh somewhat like guardh ouse
dʒ
જ j j ack
dʒʱ
ઝ jh hedgeh og
f [ ૧]
ફ ph af raid
ɡ
ગ g g ate
ɡʱ
ઘ gh egg h ead
ɣ [ ૧]
ઘ gh g o, but without completely blocking airflow on the g
h
ઃ ḥ h ead
ɦ
હ h ah ead
j
ય y y ak
k
ક k sc old
kʰ
ખ kh c old
l
લ l l eaf
ɭ
ળ l somewhat like Merl in
m
મ m m uch
n
ન n n ot
ɳ
ણ ṇ somewhat like burn er
ɲ
ઞ ñ cany on
ŋ
ઙ ṅ ban k
p
પ p sp an
pʰ
ફ ph p an
ɾ
ર r butt er (American English)
ɽ [ ૨]
ડ ḍ somewhat like murd er
ɽʱ [ ૨]
ઢ ḍh somewhat like guardh ouse
ɽ̃ [ ૨]
ણ ṇ as above, but nasal
s [ ૩]
સ s s ue
ʂ [ ૩]
ષ ṣ somewhat like worsh ip
ʃ [ ૩]
શ ś sh eep
t
ત t st op
tʰ
થ th t op
ʈ
ટ ṭ somewhat like court
ʈʰ
ઠ ṭh somewhat like tr ee
tʃ
ચ c somewhat like catch
tʃʰ
છ ch ch eese
ʋ
વ v v ine
સ્વર
IPA ગુજરાતી IAST અંગ્રેજી અનુરૂપ
ɑ
આ, કા ā bra
æ
ca sh
e
એ, કે e pay
ɛ
ઍ, કૅ â be d
ə
અ, ક a a bout
i
ઇ/ ઈ, કિ/ કી i see
o
ઓ, કો o sto ry
ɔ
ઑ, કૉ ô o ff
u
ઉ/ ઊ, કુ/ કૂ u loo k
əj
ઐ, કૈ ai Somewhat like ki te
əʋ
ઔ, કૌ au Somewhat like hou se
1 2 3 4 The voiced aspirated stops /ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/ and /pʰ/ have spirant allophone s [ɣ, ð, β, f] .Cardona & Suthar (2003 :665)
1 2 3 The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal /ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/ have flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃] . Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997 :659) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991 :97) .
1 2 3 While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997 :658)
↑ Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/ .Cardona & Suthar (2003 :662) Mistry (2003 :116) .
Cardona, George ; Suthar, Babu (2003), "Gujarati" , in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh, The Indo-Aryan Languages , Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5 , https://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&pg=PA659&dq=indo-aryan+languages
Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2 , https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=indo-aryan+languages
Mistry, P.J. (1997), "Gujarati Phonology", in Kaye, A.S, Phonologies of Asia and Africa , Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns
Mistry, P.J. (2003), "Gujarati", in Frawley, William, International Encyclopedia of Linguistics , 2 (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press