Per Gustavsson

George Mason University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty Member

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Talks by Per Gustavsson

Three Thoughts on Developing and Managing a Cyber Defence Doctrine and Strategy

Papers by Per Gustavsson

A Unified Situation Analysis Model for Human and Machine Situation Awareness

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Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) Phase 1 Specification Development Progress: An Update to the M&S Community / Paper 08F-SIW-005

Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) Phase 1 Specification Development: An Update to the M&S Community

Multimedia Production Projects: Relevant Issues and Possible Models for Mobile Learning

International Handbook of E-Learning Volume 2, 2015

[No abstract available]6976Ally, M., (2009) Mobile learning: Transforming the delivery of educati... more [No abstract available]6976Ally, M., (2009) Mobile learning: Transforming the delivery of education and training, , (Ed.). Athabasca, Canada: AU PressAmorim, J.A., (2010) Multimedia engineering, , http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/, (Doctoral dissertation, Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas)Cope, B., Kalantzis, M., A grammar of multimodality (2009) International Journal of Learning, 16 (2), pp. 361-425Hayes, K., Kuchinskas, S., (2003) Going mobile: Building the real-time enterprise with mobile applications that work, , San Francisco, CA: CMP BooksIEEE, (2002) Learning object metadata standard, , http://www.ieeeltsc.org, (July 15), (IEEE LTSC 1484.12.1. Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata. Learning Technology Standards Committee)Kerzner, H., (2009) Project management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, , New York, NY: WileyMoura, A.M.C., (2010) Apropriação do Telemóvel como Ferramenta de Mediação em Mobile Learning: Estudos de Caso em Contexto Educativo, , http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/13183/1/Tese%20Integral.pdf, (Doctoral dissertation, Braga, Universidade do Minho)Napoli, P., Obar, J., (2013) Mobile leapfrogging and digital divide policy-Assessing the limitations of mobile internet access, , http://newamerica.net/publications/policy/mobile_leapfrogging_and_digital_divide_policy, New America FoundationSaccol, A.Z., Reinhard, N., Schlemmer, E., Barbosa, J.L.V., M-learning (mobile learning) in practice: A training experience with it professionals (2010) JISTEM [Online], 7 (2), pp. 261-280SENAI, (2013) Escola Senai “Suíço-Brasileira Paulo Ernesto Tolle.”, , http://suicobrasileira.sp.senai.br/, Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (SENAI). Retrieved January 30, 2013SENAI-SP, (2013) Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial-São Paulo (SENAI-SP), , http://www.sp.senai.br/TeacherTube, LLC, (2007) TeacherTube, , http://www.teachertube.com/, Retrieved January 30, 2013Traxler, J., Learning in a mobile age (2009) International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 1 (1), pp. 1-12W3C, MMI architecture (2012) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation, , http://www.w3.org/TR/mmi-arch/, (October 25). J. Barnett (Ed.)YouTube, LLC, (2013) YouTube, , http://www.youtube.com

Analyzing the Implications of Design Choices in Existing Simulation-Games for Critical Infrastructure Resilience

Simulation Gaming. Applications for Sustainable Cities and Smart Infrastructures, 2018

A literature study has identified the major impacts of important design choices in simulation mod... more A literature study has identified the major impacts of important design choices in simulation models and simulation-games that model critical infrastructure resilience. The four major groups of design choices discussed in this article are: (1) the chosen learning goal (system understanding or collaboration training), (2) realism and time scale of the scenario, (3) design of player roles and communication rules, (4) number of action alternatives, replay-ability and richness of performance feedback while playing. Researchers and practitioners who build simulation-games for studying critical infrastructure resilience can use the accumulated insights on these four aspects to improve the quality of their game design and the quality of the simulation models the game participants interact with.

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1 An Overview of the Concept of Commander ’ s Intent

The Network-Centric approach envisioned in the Global Information Grid enables the interconnectio... more The Network-Centric approach envisioned in the Global Information Grid enables the interconnection of systems in a dynamic and flexible architecture to support multi-lateral, civilian and military missions. Constantly changing environments require commanders to plan for missions that allow organizations from various nations and agencies to join or separate from the teams performing the missions, depending on the situation, as missions unfold. The uncertainty within an actual mission, and the variety of potential organizations that support the mission after it is underway, makes Command Intent (CI) a critical concept for the mission team. With new and innovative information technologies, CI can now be made available to the team of organizations in a coalition environment. Using a flexible and linguistically based approach for representing CI allows Intent to be interpreted and processed by all participants -both humans and machines. CI representations need to be able to express mission team's purpose, the anticipated End-State of the mission and desired key tasks. In this work, the expression of CI is developed to enable the structure and dynamics of collaboration support. This paper presents the Operations Intent and Effects Model (OIEM) -a model that relates CI to Effects, and supports both traditional military planning and Effects Based Operations.

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Challenges for critical infrastructure resilience: cascading effects of payment system disruptions

Critical infrastructures become more and more entangled and rely extensively on information techn... more

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Operations Intent and Effects Model

The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology, 2010

Military missions in the 21st century are characterized by combinations of traditional symmetric ... more Military missions in the 21st century are characterized by combinations of traditional symmetric conventional warfare, irregular warfare, and operations other than war.The inherent uncertainty in an actual mission and the variety of potential organizations (e.g. multi-agency, non-governmental, private volunteer, international, international corporations) from several countries that support the mission makes collaboration and co-ordination a key capability for command and control. The ability to communicate and automatically process intent and effects is vital in order for a commander to cooperate with other organizations and agencies and lead subordinates in such a way that the overall mission is completed in the best possible way, including exploitation of fleeting opportunities, i.e. enable for self-synchronization amongst teams and allow for subordinate initiatives. However, intent and effects are often absent in the current and forthcoming digitalized information models, and if ...

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MSDL the Road to Balloting

The MSDL study group completed their efforts in spring of 2006. Since then the drafting group und... more The MSDL study group completed their efforts in spring of 2006. Since then the drafting group under the leadership of the MSDL PDG has worked to grow the results of the study group to become a solid foundation for standardization for the specification of military scenarios. This work involved the construction of a multinational team of drafting group members, the documentation, review and approval of the MSDL Product Development Plan, development of common engineering processes for all DG members, numerous decision analysis and resolution (DAR) studies, tiger team efforts, and peer reviews. This integration of a plan, engineering processes, and community expertise provides a framework for monitoring and controlling the development of the MSDL standard openly. The integrity and openness

Supporting Collaboration in Collective Endeavors with a Model of Operations Intent and Effects

The change in the use of military from traditional missions to peace-keeping and restoring societ... more The change in the use of military from traditional missions to peace-keeping and restoring societies, changes the way that doctrine, methods and procedures are developed and employed. Today a 21st century military mission involves participants from numerous countries spanning a variety of organizations (military, civil, public, governmental, NGO, private) which all need to collaborate and coordinate at multiple levels on Collective Endeavors. The shift is to allow subordinates initiative to a larger amount than before and enable new C2 processes, such as self synchronization The uncertainty inherent in an actual mission, and the variety of potential organizations that support the mission after it is underway, makes Command Intent (CI) a critical concept for the mission team. Both humans and computerized decision support services need to have the ability to communicate and interpret a shared CI. The Operations Intent and Effects Model identify the relationships between Intent, Action...

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The Road Towards Multi-Hypothesis Intention Simulation Agents Architecture - Fractal Information Fusion Modeling

Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, 2005., 2005

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Extending the scope of situation analysis

The use of technology to assist human decision making has been around for quite some time now. In... more The use of technology to assist human decision making has been around for quite some time now. In the literature, models of both technological and human aspects of this support can be identified. However, we argue that there is a need for a unified model which synthesizes and extends existing models. In this paper, we give two perspectives on situation analysis: a technological perspective and a human perspective. These two perspectives are merged into a unified situation analysis model for semi-automatic, automatic and manual decision support (SAM)2. The unified model can be applied to decision support systems with any degree of automation. Moreover, an extension of the proposed model is developed which can be used for discussing important concepts such as common operational picture and common situation awareness.

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Expanding the Management Language Smorgasbord Towards Standardization of Coalition - Crisis Management Language (C-CML)

Just as the present revolution in military affairs has formed the thoughts of joint and coalition... more Just as the present revolution in military affairs has formed the thoughts of joint and coalition forces between national and international militaries, a future revolution is also facing civilian authorities and agencies. Exchanging commander intent and collecting, fusing, and sharing a common operational picture between commanders and grassroots from various civilian authorities/agencies is not easily done. Laws prohibit information exchange,

A unified situation analysis model for human and machine situation awareness

Theu se of technologyt oa ssist human decision making is not an ovel idea. However, we arguethatt... more Theu se of technologyt oa ssist human decision making is not an ovel idea. However, we arguethatthere is aneed foraunified modelwhich synthesizes ande xtends existingm odels.I nt hisp aper,w eg ivet wo perspectives on situation analysis:atechnological perspectivea nd ah uman perspective. Theset wo perspectives aremergedintoaunifiedsituationanalysismodelfor semi-automatic, automatic andmanualdecision support (SAM) 2 .

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Interoperability in the Next Generation Training Systems

ABSTRACT The Network-centric vision enables systems to be interconnected to support multi-lateral... more ABSTRACT The Network-centric vision enables systems to be interconnected to support multi-lateral, civilian and military missions. The constantly changing environment requires the commanders to plan for missions that allow for units from various nations, agencies etc. to join or separate from the team, depending on the situation, as the mission unfolds. The uncertainty of the actual mission and that the potential for agencies and organizations to support the mission after it is underway, leads to a vast number of potential scenarios that civil and military personnel need to train in individual and collaborative training environments. The need for rapid mission rehearsal capabilities drives the requirement to transform to simulation infrastructures that includes interoperability mechanisms that enable a more agile, dynamic and adaptive interconnection of heterogeneous simulations. Providing the individuals to build their cross organizations social networks and exchange information based on the mission need. In this paper a step towards the Next Generation Training Systems is presented. The concepts behind information integration platforms and the role of the Coalition Battle Management Language as one of the key enablers for the Next Generation Training Systems are presented. Methods and tools used in demonstrations to show fast integration between heterogeneous Live, Virtual and Constructive simulations with Command and Control Systems are exemplified.

An Architecture based on imprecise computation for driving training in large and complex virtual environments

Order and Report Schema Translation in WISE-SBML Server

The Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) as currently implemented requires that interoper... more The Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) as currently implemented requires that interoperating Command and Control (C2) and Simulation systems implement an interface to a Web service, using a clearly defined schema, to propagate Orders and Reports to participating systems. Continuing progress of C-BML, both in NATO MSG-085 and in the SISO standards process, has produced a situation where various clients have implemented different generations of schemata, which, while semantically equivalent or nearly so, cannot interoperate directly because of schema mismatch. Retrofitting these clients would be a drain on scarce resources. In our work to implement a robust C-BML/MSDL server using the WISE platform, we have incorporated the ability, first enabled in the Scripted BML Server (SBML), to translate among semantically equivalent schemata. The resulting capability is planned for use by NATO MSG-085 to enable interoperation of all participating groups in the MSG-085 final demonstration. This paper explains how the schema translation works and issues encountered in its implementation, which includes an MSDL aggregation server.

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Multi-Schema and Multi-Server Advances for C2-Simulation Interoperation in MSG-085

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Incorporating C2-Simulation Interoperability Services Into an Operational C2 System

ABSTRACT Since 2003, a community focused on achieving interoperability among command and control ... more ABSTRACT Since 2003, a community focused on achieving interoperability among command and control (C2) systems and simulation systems has developed a new area of technology known as Battle Management Language (BML). Their vision is that a common basis for interoperation will lead to a future where military organizations can link their C2 and simulation systems without special preparation, in support of coalition operations. This paper reports on a project to incorporate a Coalition BML capability into an operational military C2 system by integrating capabilities of an open source BML server (SBMLserver) from the George Mason University C4I Center into the Widely Integrated Systems Environment (WISE) for C2, developed by Saab Corporation. The first demonstration of this system combined Saab&#39;s 9LandBMS C2 system with WISE, SBMLserver, and the US Army OneSAF simulation system. The 9LandBMS system is capable of operating in degraded communication environments, introducing the challenge of successful interoperabilty with data-intensive simulation systems in such an environment. The paper summarizes the issues and current state of technology and standards for C2-simulation interoperability and explains the design and implementation principles employed for its incorporation into WISE. The resulting new capability offers coalitions the ability to achieve the long-sought goal of C2-simulation interoperation using off-the-shelf products.

Per Gustavsson

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