Bruce Cuthbert

USA Federal Government, Office of the Director, Faculty Member

Followers

Following

Co-authors

Public Views

Interests

Uploads

Papers by Bruce Cuthbert

Guidelines for Human Startle Response Measurement

by Bruce Cuthbert and Terry Blumenthal

Psychophysiology, 2003

Lateralized startle probes in the study of emotion

Psychophysiology, 1996

Download

Emotion and Motivation: Measuring Affective Perception

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 1998

... 408. Review Articles. Emotion and Motivation: Measuring Affective Perception. Lang, Peter J.;... more

Picture media and emotion: Effects of a sustained affective context

Psychophysiology, 1996

Download

A MOTIVATIONAL ANALYSIS OF EMOTION: Reflex-Cortex Connections

Psychological Science, 1992

... Rats who were both fearful and hungry reacted more strongly than fear-only or hungry-only ani... more

Emotion, Novelty, and the Startle Reflex: Habituation in Humans

Behavioral Neuroscience, 1993

Previous research with both animal and human subjects has shown that startle reflex magnitude is ... more Previous research with both animal and human subjects has shown that startle reflex magnitude is potentiated in an aversive stimulus context, relative to responses elicited in a neutral or appetitive context. In the present experiment, the same pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral picture stimuli were repeatedly presented to human subjects. Startle reflex habituation was assessed in each stimulus context and was

Pictures as prepulse: Attention and emotion in startle modification

Psychophysiology, 1993

The effects of an emotional stimulus prepulse on probe startle response were examined here. Pleas... more The effects of an emotional stimulus prepulse on probe startle response were examined here. Pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures were viewed for 6 s, and an acoustic startle probe was presented either 300, 800, 1,300, or 3,800 ms after slide onset, or 300 or 3,800 ms after slide offset. Blink magnitude and onset latency demonstrated (a) an early (prepulse) inhibition effect in which reflexes elicited immediately after slide onset were smaller than reflexes elicited later in the viewing interval, and (b) affective modulation, in which unpleasant stimuli prompted larger reflexes than pleasant. Interactive effects of probe time and picture valence indicated attention/arousal effects early and pleasantness effects late in the picture interval. Effects of both attention and emotion can be simultaneously measured using this startle-probe paradigm, encouraging its use in both basic and clinical contexts.

Medicine. Brain disorders? Precisely

Science (New York, N.Y.), 2015

Rethinking mental disorders: the role of learning and brain plasticity

Restorative neurology and neuroscience, 2014

Recent research in neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity and genetics is providing new insights into ... more Recent research in neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity and genetics is providing new insights into the etiogenesis of psychopathology, but progress in treatment development has been hampered by reliance on diagnostic categories that are characterized by heterogeneity and based primarily on phenomenology. The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative seeks to provide a neuroscience-based nosological framework for future research on psychopathology, categorizing individuals for research purposes using a dimensional approach that capitalizes on advances in modern neuroscience. These scientific advances and new approaches to classification can inform the development of novel, circuit-based interventions and the personalization of treatment. In this paper, we review key advances areas in clinical neuroscience, describe the RDoC project and highlight some emerging treatment approaches that are consistent with these developments.

Download

Electrophysiologic studies of depression and anxiety: New findings and theoretical synthesis

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2000

Studying hallucinations within the NIMH RDoC framework

Schizophrenia bulletin, 2014

We explore how hallucinations might be studied within the National Institute of Mental Health (NI... more We explore how hallucinations might be studied within the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, which asks investigators to step back from diagnoses based on symptoms and focus on basic dimensions of functioning. We start with a description of the objectives of the RDoC project and its domains and constructs. Because the RDoC initiative asks investigators to study phenomena across the wellness spectrum and different diagnoses, we address whether hallucinations experienced in nonclinical populations are the same as those experienced by people with psychotic diagnoses, and whether hallucinations studied in one clinical group can inform our understanding of the same phenomenon in another. We then discuss the phenomenology of hallucinations and how different RDoC domains might be relevant to their study. We end with a discussion of various challenges and potential next steps to advance the application of the RDoC approach to this area of r...

Download

Brain processes in emotional perception: Motivated attention

by Bruce Cuthbert and Alfons Hamm

Cognition & Emotion, 2004

Brain potentials and blink reflexes were recorded while participants viewed emotional pictures or... more Brain potentials and blink reflexes were recorded while participants viewed emotional pictures organised into content categories that varied in motivational significance. Event‐related potentials at picture onset showed the largest late positive potentials to erotic scenes and to scenes of threat and mutilation, suggesting heightened attention to contents that are presumed to strongly activate appetitive and defensive motivational systems. Erotic content

Download

Probing picture perception: Activation and emotion

Psychophysiology, 1996

Download

Processing fearful and neutral sentences: Memory and heart rate change

by Bruce Cuthbert and Scott R Vrana

Cognition & Emotion, 1989

Thirty college student subjects were instructed to process fearful or neutral sentences on cue. C... more Thirty college student subjects were instructed to process fearful or neutral sentences on cue. Cue tones were presented randomly within a repetitive series of non-signal tones (1 every 6sec). A change in tone frequency (higher or lower) was the signal to recall either the fearful or the neutral member of a previously memorised sentence pair. At the first signal for

Processing emotional pictures: Differential activation in primary visual cortex

Neuroimage, 1996

Introduction, Functional maps of processing in the primary visual cortex have demonstrated precis... more Introduction, Functional maps of processing in the primary visual cortex have demonstrated precisely localized activation for a variety of different visual stimuli . Here, we investigated functional maps for visual processing of photographic pictures that varied in terms of pleasantness. Previous data from our laboratory indicate a number of autonomic, somatic, and electrocortical differences in physiological response as a function of affective valence. In this study, we investigated activity in primary visual cortex to determine 1) whether photographic pictures produce measurable functional activity and 2) whether the affective valence of the picture results in different patterns of functional activity.

Download

The influence of MRI system stability and RF coil performance on signal detection in fMRI

Neuroimage, 1996

A motivational analysis of emotion: re炉ex-cortex connections

Reduced arterial compliance in patients with psychiatric diagnoses

Schizophrenia Research, 2012

Peripheral arterial compliance is a measure of elasticity of the arteries that has been found to ... more Peripheral arterial compliance is a measure of elasticity of the arteries that has been found to be a robust predictor of prevalent arteriosclerosis as well as incident stroke and myocardial infarction. Psychiatric diagnoses and second generation antipsychotics may contribute to cardiovascular risk and stroke, but effects on peripheral arterial compliance are unknown. This study compared peripheral arterial compliance in healthy male controls to male patients with psychiatric diagnoses who were treated with quetiapine or risperidone or off antipsychotics at time of testing. The groups consisted of 63 patients with mental illness taking quetiapine, risperidone, or no antipsychotics. There were 111 males in the control group. Mean thigh and calf arterial compliance among four groups were compared by ANCOVA, adjusting for body mass index and Framingham Risk Score. All patients were also compared to the control group. Compliance was measured with a computerized plethysmography device. Patients (n=63) had significantly lower arterial compliance in both thigh and calf than the controls. Arterial compliance in the calf was significantly lower in the subgroups of quetiapine (n=16) and risperidone (n=19) treated, and in unmedicated (n=28) patients than in controls. In the thigh, patients taking either quetiapine or risperidone had significantly lower arterial compliance than controls. These subgroups did not differ from each other in arterial compliance. The presence of psychiatric diagnoses is associated with reduced arterial compliance. A large study may be required to measure any specific affects of antipsychotics such as quetiapine and risperidone on compliance compared to controls.

Functional Neuroimaging and Electrophysiology Biomarkers for Clinical Trials for Cognition in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2005

Download

The psychophysiology of anxiety disorder: Fear memory imagery

Psychophysiology, 2003

Psychophysiological response to fear memory imagery was assessed in specific phobia, social anxie... more Psychophysiological response to fear memory imagery was assessed in specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and healthy controls. Heart rate, skin conductance, and corrugator muscle were recorded as participants responded to tone cues signaling previously memorized descriptor sentences. Image contents included personal fears, social fears, fears of physical danger, and neutral (low arousal) scenes. Reactions to acoustic startle probes (eyeblink) were assessed during recall imagery and nonsignal periods. Participants were significantly more reactive (in physiology and report of affect) to fear than neutral cues. Panic and PTSD patients were, however, less physiologically responsive than specific phobics and the socially anxious. Panic and PTSD patients also reported the most anxiety and mood symptoms, and were most frequently comorbidly depressed. Overall, physiological reactivity to sentence memory cues was greatest in patients with focal fear of specific objects or events, and reduced in patients characterized by generalized, high negative affect.

Download

Bruce Cuthbert

Uploads

Papers by Bruce Cuthbert

Log In