n

See also: ո, ռ, ⁿ, and Appendix:Variations of "n"

n U+006E, n LATIN SMALL LETTER N ← m [U+006D] Basic Latin o → [U+006F]

Character variations

ⁿ U+207F, ⁿ SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N ← ⁾ [U+207E] Superscripts and Subscripts ₀ → [U+2080]

ｎ U+FF4E, ｎ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER N ← ｍ [U+FF4D] Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｏ → [U+FF4F]

Languages (70)

Translingual • English

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Aromanian • Azerbaijani • Bambara • Basque • Catalan • Central Mazahua • Chinese • Czech • Dutch • Egyptian • Esperanto • Estonian • Faroese • Finnish • French • Fula • German • Gothic • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Haitian Creole • Haruai • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Indonesian • Irish • Isoko • Italian • Japanese • Kabuverdianu • Kabyle • Kankanaey • Kashubian • Korean • Ladin • Latin • Latvian • Livonian • Malay • Maltese • Mandarin • Navajo • North Frisian • Norwegian • Nupe • Polish • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Saterland Frisian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Slovak • Spanish • Swedish • Tagalog • Tarifit • Tlingit • Turkish • Turkmen • Welsh • Xhosa • Yele • Yoruba • Zulu

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

From the old Latin N, from the Greek Ν (nu), from an archaic reversed Greek N, from the Phoenician symbol 𐤍; possibly from an earlier Egyptian hieroglyph of a resting Egyptian cobra, (𓆓).

Letter

n (upper case N)

2. The fourteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
3. in Romanization:
   1. of the Hebrew נ \ ן (“nun”, “nūn”) in the Common Israeli, Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006), and ISO 259 transliteration schemes
   2. of the Hebrew נּ (“nun”, “nūn ḥāzāq”) in the Common Israeli transliteration scheme

Synonyms

• (Romanization of נּ, “nun”, “nūn ḥāzāq”): nn (in the Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006) and ISO 259 transliteration schemes)

Related terms

• Ŋ (eng)
• Ν (nu)
• Н (en)

Further reading

• n on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Pronunciation

• Pronunciation of IPA [nːɑː, ɑnnɑː] with the sound [n]:

  (file)

Symbol

n

2. (IPA) voiced alveolar nasal.

   (superscript ⟨ⁿ⟩) nasal release (of any articulation), prenasalization, [n]-coloring or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [n] – see also ⁿ.

4. (statistics) Sample size.
6. (physics) neutron.

   Coordinate terms: p, e

8. (mathematics) An arbitrary natural number.

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of N, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase N in Fraktur

See also

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter N):  Ńń  Ǹǹ  Ňň  Ññ  Ṅṅ  Ņņ  Ṇṇ  Ṋṋ  Ṉṉ  N̈n̈  Ɲɲ  Ƞƞ  ᵰ  ᶇ  ɳ  ȵ  ɴ  Ｎｎ  Ŋŋ  NJNjnj  NJNjnj
• Preceded by apostrophe: 'n
• Hiragana: ん
• な (na), に (ni), ぬ (nu), ね (ne), の (no)

Other representations of N:

NATO phonetic: November Morse code: –· Braille: ⠝ ASL Manual: N

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

Further reading

• Alveolar nasal on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛn/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

  • Audio (UK):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ɛn
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N, plural ns or n's)

1. The fourteenth letter of the English alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Number

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The ordinal number fourteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

• n-adic
• n-ary
• n-body problem
• n-bomb
• n-butane
• n-decane
• n-dimensional
• n-firm concentration ratio
• n-gram
• n-heptane
• n-hexane
• n-iamond
• nMOSFET
• n-nonane
• n-octane
• n-omino
• n-pentane
• n-plex
• n-propanol
• n-rule
• n-simplex
• n space / n-space
• n-sphere
• nth
• n-tier
• n-tuple
• n-type
• n-word
• p-n junction

Etymology 2

Abbreviations.

Noun

n

1. Abbreviation of north.

   Alternative forms: n., N

2. (grammar) Abbreviation of noun.

   Alternative form: n.

3. (organic chemistry) normal
4. Neutral
5. No

Translations

north — see also north

• Hungarian: É (hu)
• Russian: С (ru) m (S)

noun — see also noun

• Hungarian: fn.
• Russian: сущ. (ru) n (sušč.)

neutral — see also neutral

no — see also no

Adjective

n

1. (grammar) Abbreviation of neuter (gender).

   Alternative form: n.

Translations

neuter — see also neuter

• Hungarian: sn.
• Russian: ср. (ru) m (sr.), ср. род m (sr. rod)

Conjunction

n

1. Contraction of and; chiefly used in set phrases.

   Alternative form: 'n'

   rock n roll

Etymology 3

Abbreviations.

n

1. (Stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɛn/.
2. (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of in.
3. (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of no, inflections none, nor, not, neither, and homophone know.

Aromanian

Preposition

n

1. alternative form of ãn

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): [n]
• (letter name) IPA^(key): [neː], [nɯː]

Letter

n lower case (upper case N)

1. The twentieth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nɯː]

Etymology 2

Abbreviation.

Noun

n

1. abbreviation of iyun (“June”)

Usage notes

Used to prevent the mishearing of iyun (“June”) as iyul (“July”); see also l.

Bambara

Pronoun

n

1. I

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ene/, [e̞.ne̞]

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called ene and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈe.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈe.ne], [ˈen]

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called ena, ene, or en and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lletres; A a (À à), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Central Mazahua

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ

Chinese

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ēn (en¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): en¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: en
    • Wade–Giles: ên¹
    • Yale: ēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: en
    • Palladius: энь (enʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: en¹
    • Cantonese Pinyin: en¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛːn⁵⁵/

Numeral

n

1. alternative spelling of N

Czech

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Czech alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, E e, É é, Ě ě, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, P p, Q q, R r, Ř ř, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, Ů ů, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• Previous letter: m
• Next letter: o

See also

• 'n

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Cognate with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵏ (n, “of”) and Proto-Semitic *lV-, whence Hebrew לְ־ (lə-, “to, for, of”) and Arabic لِـ (li-, “to, for, belonging to”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ni/ → /ni/ → /ne/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ni/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ni/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ne/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: en

Preposition

1. to, for (dative)
2. in the direction of, towards
3. (of time) for, until
4. because of
5. used idiomatically with certain verbs

Inflection

Adverbial forms of n  

nj	n

Alternative forms

Before a noun it can be written thus:

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of n  

nj

This should not be confused with the negative particle, which is written identically.

Derived terms

• ꜣḫ n
• ꜣḫ-n-jtn
• jwtj-n.f
• ꜥnḫ.s-n-jmn
• n ꜣbw
• n ꜣbb
• nj
• n jb n
• n ꜥꜣt nt
• n mrwt
• n ntt
• n ḥrt
• ntj n.f
• rḏj jb n
• rḏj wꜣt n
• snb-n.j

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: en

Adjective

1. abbreviation of nj (“of, belonging to (genitival adjective)”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: en

Pronoun

 pl 1. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

1. we, us (see usage notes)

Usage notes

This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:

• When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
• In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
• When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
• When it follows an imperative, it indicates the subject or the object of the verb.
• When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
• When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.

Inflection

Old Egyptian personal pronouns

	number	first person	second person		third person
			masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kj1	.ṯ, .ṯn	.f, .fj1	.s, .sj1
	dual	.nj	.ṯnj		.snj
	plural	.n	.ṯn		.sn
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	singular	w, wj, wy	kw, k, ṯw, ṯ	ṯm, ṯn	sw, s	s
	dual	—	ṯnj		snj
	plural	n	ṯn		sn
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	ṯwt	ṯmt	swt	stt
	dual	—	—		ntsnj
	plural	—	ntṯn		ntsn, jntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	singular	.kj, .k	.tj, .t		∅, .j	.tj, .t
	dual	—	.tjwn		.wy, .wj	.ty
	plural	.wn, .nw			∅, .w, .y, .wy	.tj, .t

¹ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.

Middle Egyptian personal pronouns

	number	first person	second person		third person
			masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kj1	.ṯ, .t	.f, .fj1	.s, .sj1
	dual2	.nj	.ṯnj, .tnj		.snj
	plural	.n	.ṯn, .tn		.sn, .w3
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	singular	wj, w	ṯw, tw	ṯn, tn	sw, st	sj, s, st
	plural	n	ṯn, tn		sn, st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	ntk, ṯwt2	ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2	ntf, swt2	nts, swt2
	plural	jnn3	ntṯn, nttn		ntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	singular	.kw	.tj, .t, .tw3		∅, .w	.tj, .t, .tw3
	plural	.wn, .wjn	.tjwn, .tjwnj		∅, .w, .y
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3	singular	tw.j	tw.k	tw.t	sw	sj, st
	plural	tw.n	tw.tn		st

¹ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
² Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
³ Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.

Late Egyptian personal pronouns

	number	first person	second person		third person
			masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kw	.t	.f, .fj	.s, .st, .sw
	plural	.n	.tn, .twn		.w, .sn1
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1	singular	wj	tw, tj		sw, st
	plural	n, wn	twn		sn, st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	mntk, mtwk	mntt, mtwy	mntf	mntst, mntjst
	plural	jnn	mnttn		mntw
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1	singular	.kw, .k	.tj, .tw		∅, .w, .y	.tj, .tw
	plural	.nw	.tn		∅, .w, .y
	unmarked2	∅, .tw
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns	singular	tw.j	tw.k	tw.t	sw	st, sw
	plural	tw.n	tw.tn		st, sw, swt

¹ Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
² Later form.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of n  

n	n	wn
	[Late Egyptian]	[Late Egyptian]

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 43, 51, 86–87, 90–91, 117–118, 127.
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962), A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 124
• Junge, Friedrich (2005), Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 77

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /n/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called no and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

Estonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈenː/

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called enn and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bókstavur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, Y y, Ý ý, Æ æ, Ø ø

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and n for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈæn/, [ˈæn] (letter name)
• IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n] (letter name, dated)

• Audio: än, nänni, nuppu, än:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æn

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called än or en and written in the Latin script.

Noun

n

1. abbreviation of naiset (“ladies”), used to mark toilets and similar installations to be for women only

   Synonyms: naiset, (rare) rouvat

   Antonyms: m, miehet, (rare) herrat

Derived terms

compounds

• n-propanoli

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

French

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
   • 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche‎^{fr.Wikisource}, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:

     Avec ces propos et d’autres semblables, le pauvre gentilhomme perdait le jugement. Il passait les nuits et se donnait la torture pour les comprendre, pour les approfondir, pour leur tirer le sens des entrailles, ce qu’Aristote lui-même n’aurait pu faire, s’il fût ressuscité tout exprès pour cela.

     With these passages and other similar ones, the poor gentleman lost his judgement. He spent his nights and tortured himself to understand them, to consider them more deeply, to take from them their deepest meaning, which Aristotle himself would not have been able to do, had he been resurrected for that very purpose.

Fula

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

German

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Article

n

1. nonstandard form of 'n
   • 1984, Wolfdietrich Schnurre, Ein Unglücksfall: Roman, page 172:

     „Hat uns vorhin so n Mensch von der Dingsbums gebracht.“ „Von der Kultusgemeinde.“ Avrom hebt zwinkernd die Augen vom Buch; er lächelt. Muß ne anrührende Stelle gewesen sein, was er da grade liest. „Was heißt ‚so n Mensch‘.“

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1999, Regula Schmidlin, Wie Deutschschweizer Kinder schreiben und erzählen lernen:

     […] also die Geschichte hab ich genannt (äh) die Froschsuche weil da war so n Junge und mit em Hund und die haben dauernd ihren Frosch immer angeguckt im Wasser und dann einmal in der Nacht is er weggehüpft […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2012, Gustav Falke, Die Kinder Aus Ohlsens Gang, page 92:

     »Wenn ick de jungen Lüd nich harr und de Kinner – so n Mann, Herr Lehrer, so n Mann! aber ick hev en nu. He schall mi mol Muck seggn. Rut smiet ick em.« »Das lassen Sie nur lieber nach, Frau Krahnstöver. […] «

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2014, Manuel Mayer, Schwule Akten: Fußballstar und Tennisprofi geoutet, Himmelstürmer Verlag, page 58:

     Und da Sex Sponsoren anzieht, würde so n Kerl ein so großes Medienecho hervorrufen, sodass wir noch Jahrhunderte davon hören würden ...

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Gothic

Romanization

n

1. romanization of 𐌽

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From African origin. Cognate with Kabuverdianu n.

Pronoun

n

1. I (first person singular)

Haitian Creole

Etymology

Contraction of nou, from French nous.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n/

Pronoun

n

1. contraction of nou

Haruai

Pronoun

n

1. I

References

• Jef Verschueren, Pragmatics at Issue: Selected Papers (1991, →ISBN
• Bernard Comrie, Maria Polinsky, Causatives and Transitivity (1993, →ISBN, page 317: Haruai has a serial verb construction, in which all verbs but the last take no inflections whatsoever (the only instance in Haruai where a verb can appear inflectionless), as in (3): n dw röbö p-n-a I go water get-FUT(-1SG)-DEC

Hawaiian

Alternative forms

• (letter name) nū

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ˈnuː/
• (phoneme) /n/

Letter

n

1. The tenth letter of the Hawaiian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a (Ā ā), E e (Ē ē), I i (Ī ī), O o (Ō ō), U u (Ū ū), H h, K k, L l, M m, N n, P p, W w, ʻ

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈn]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈɛnː]

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called enn and written in the Latin script.
2. character as a unit of measurement (one of the basic elements making up a text file or string)

   Synonyms: karakter, leütés, betűhely

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	n	n-ek
accusative	n-et	n-eket
dative	n-nek	n-eknek
instrumental	n-nel	n-ekkel
causal-final	n-ért	n-ekért
translative	n-né	n-ekké
terminative	n-ig	n-ekig
essive-formal	n-ként	n-ekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	n-ben	n-ekben
superessive	n-en	n-eken
adessive	n-nél	n-eknél
illative	n-be	n-ekbe
sublative	n-re	n-ekre
allative	n-hez	n-ekhez
elative	n-ből	n-ekből
delative	n-ről	n-ekről
ablative	n-től	n-ektől
non-attributive possessive – singular	n-é	n-eké
non-attributive possessive – plural	n-éi	n-ekéi

Possessive forms of n

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	n-em	n-jeim
2nd person sing.	n-ed	n-jeid
3rd person sing.	n-je	n-jei
1st person plural	n-ünk	n-jeink
2nd person plural	n-etek	n-jeitek
3rd person plural	n-jük	n-jeik

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

Further reading

• n in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛnː/

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

Ido

Pronunciation

• (context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /n/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ne/

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Indonesian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /n/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Etymology 2

From English n (“shortening of and”).

Conjunction

n

1. (text messaging, slang) abbreviation of dan

   Synonym: dn

Irish

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The twelfth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (Á á), B b (Bh bh, bhF bhf, bP bp), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh, dT dt), E e (É é), F f (Fh fh), G g (gC gc, Gh gh), H h, I i (Í í), L l, M m (mB mb, Mh mh), N n (nD nd, nG ng), O o (Ó ó), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th, tS ts), U u (Ú ú), V v
• (diacritics) ◌́ ◌̇
• (dotted letters used chiefly in Gaelic type) Ḃ ḃ, Ċ ċ, Ḋ ḋ, Ḟ ḟ, Ġ ġ, Ṁ ṁ, Ṗ ṗ, Ṡ ẛ ṡ, Ṫ ṫ

Isoko

Letter

n (lowercase, uppercase N)

1. The twentieth letter of the Isoko alphabet, written in the Latin script.

References

• E. O. Agbada et al, Vbuhrẹ Ụmụ́bọrá Isoko (Teach Yourself Isoko), first published 2008, revised edition 2017, page 8, 10
• Onyerioma Isaac Itegolor, Isoko Wha Dooo...! Book 2 (Operation Speak Your Language), Revised Standard Edition (2015), page 1
• Joe Okedi, Abidi Isoko Na Kpobi, 2020

Italian

Letter

n f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case N)

1. The twelfth letter of the Italian alphabet, called enne and written in the Latin script.

Japanese

Romanization

n

1. Rōmaji transcription of ん
2. Rōmaji transcription of ン

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From African origin.

Pronoun

n

1. I (first person singular)

Kabyle

Etymology

From Proto-Berber *n, from Proto-Afroasiatic. Cognate with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵏ (n), see there for more.

Preposition

n

1. of, genitive preposition

   azemz n tlalit

   date of birth

2. used between a numeral and a noun

   Ttmeslayeɣ snat n tutlayin.

   I speak two languages.

   (literally, “I-speak two of languages”)

3. used before a year

   di useggas n 2021

   in 2021

   (literally, “in year of 2021”)

Kankanaey

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog n. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English n.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ʔen/ [ʔen]
  • Rhymes: -en
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /n/ [n]

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

References

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016), Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[1] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and n for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

Korean

Numeral

n • (en)

1. alternative spelling of N (en)

Ladin

Article

n

1. a (+ masculine noun)

See also

• na
• n'

Latin

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. A letter in the Latin alphabet, representing the sound /n/

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, V v, X x, Y y, Z z

Latvian

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [n]

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

N

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Latvian alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.

See also

• Letters of the Latvian alphabet:

  burti: Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

Livonian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. The twentieth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kēratē’ḑ; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, Ḑ ḑ, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

Malay

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n/
• IPA^(key): /m/ (by assimilation to a following labial)
• IPA^(key): /n/, [ŋ] (by assimilation to a following velar)

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

Mandarin

Romanization

n

1. nonstandard spelling of ń
2. nonstandard spelling of ň
3. nonstandard spelling of ǹ

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Navajo

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, Ą ą, Ą́ ą́), B b, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e (É é, Ę ę, Ę́ ę́), G g, Gh gh, H h, Hw hw, X x, I i (Í í, Į į, Į́ į́), J j, K k, Kʼ kʼ, Kw kw, ʼ, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n (Ń ń), O o (Ó ó, Ǫ ǫ, Ǫ́ ǫ́), S s, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tł tł, Tłʼ tłʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

North Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [n], (in ng, nk) [ŋ], (syllabic) [n̩], [ŋ̍], [m̩]

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• As in German, the unstressed syllable ⟨en⟩ usually becomes syllabic [n̩], which further assimilates to preceding stop consonants as [kŋ̍], [ɡŋ̍], [pm̩], [bm̩].

See also

• (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, đ, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z)

Norwegian

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /enː/, /ɛnː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /n/, (in rn) /ɳ/, (in ng and nk) /ŋ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

n

1. The fourteenth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Nupe

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /n/, IPA^(key): /ŋ/, IPA^(key): / ̃/

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Polish

Etymology

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and n for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛn/

Letter

n (upper case N, lower case)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Polish alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u (V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Audio (Brazil):

  (file)

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à,  â, àã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• nn, ñ

Adverb

n

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of não (“not”)

   eu n sei ― I don't know.

Noun

n m (invariable)

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of não (“no”)

Interjection

n

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of não (“no”)

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. (International Standard) The eighteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The nineteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called en, ne, or nî and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ă ă,  â, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Πî, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ș ș, T t, Ț ț, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Saterland Frisian

Alternative forms

• n', 'n

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ən/
• Hyphenation: n

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Article

n

1. unstressed form of aan, een; a, an

Usage notes

• When followed by an adjective and modifying a feminine noun, the form ne may be used.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Article

n

1. unstressed form of dän

References

• Marron C. Fort (2015), Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN, page 779

Scottish Gaelic

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The twelfth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by m and followed by o. Its traditional name is nuin (“ash”).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù)
• (diacritics) ◌̀
• (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (Cyrillic spelling н)

1. The 19th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet, preceded by m and followed by nj.

Silesian

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and n for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, àã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ŏ ŏ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [n]

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (phoneme) /n/
• IPA^(key): (letter name) /ˈene/ [ˈe.ne]

  • Audio (Spain):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ene

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Swedish

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish n. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English n.
• Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜈ (na).
• Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish n.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔen/ [ˈʔɛn̪] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -en
  • IPA^(key): /ˈna/ [ˈn̪a] (letter name, Abakada alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -a
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔene/ [ˈʔɛː.n̪ɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes: -ene
  • IPA^(key): /n/ [n̪] (phoneme)

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called en and written in the Latin script.
2. The eleventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called na and written in the Latin script.
3. (historical) The sixteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ene and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Etymology 2

From the Abakada alphabet letter n being pronounced as na.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /na/ [n̪ɐ]
• Rhymes: -a

Adverb

n (Baybayin spelling ᜈ) (text messaging)

1. abbreviation of na

Further reading

• “n”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Tarifit

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Berber *n, from Proto-Afroasiatic *l. Cognate with Kabyle n, Egyptian n and Proto-Semitic *lV-.

Preposition

n (Tifinagh spelling ⵏ)

1. genitive marker
   1. indicates possession: of, -'s

      D taddart n temɣart. ― That's the house of the woman.

      D yeǧi-s n waryaz-enni. ― She's that man's daughter.

   2. indicates the relationship of a noun and their place of origin

      Neccin d tiḥenjirin n Arif ― We're girls of the Rif.

   3. indicates a relationship between family members: son of, daughter of

      Mimun n Ɛmar ― Mimoun son of Omar.

   4. expresses quantity

      Ɣar-i arbɛa n tfunasin ― I have four cows.

Usage notes

Nouns following the preposition n are placed in the construct state.

Inflection

Inflection forms of n

	singular		plural
	m	f	m	f
1st person	inu		nneɣ
2nd person	nnec	nnem	nwem	nkent
3rd person	nnes		nsen	nsent

Tlingit

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• Canada:
• (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, À à,  â, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, É é, È è, Ê ê, G g, Gw gw, Gh gh, Ghw ghw, H h, I i, Í í, Ì ì, Πî, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Kh kh, Khw khw, Khʼ khʼ, Khʼw khʼw (L l), Ł ł, Łʼ łʼ (M m), N n (O o), S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, Xh xh, Xhw xhw, Xhʼ xhʼ, Xhʼw xhʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ), ․
• US:
• (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, Aa aa, Áa áa, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e, É é, Ee ee, Ée ée, Ei ei, Éi éi, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵʼ ḵʼ, Ḵʼw ḵʼw, L l, Lʼ lʼ (Ḻ ḻ, M m), N n (O o), Oo oo, Óo óo, S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, X̱ʼ x̱ʼ, X̱ʼw x̱ʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ, Y̱ y̱), ․

Turkish

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ne and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harf; A a ( â), B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i (Πî), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u (Û û), Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

Turkmen

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ɛn/
  • (informal) IPA^(key): /n/

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èn and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by m and followed by o.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à,  â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)

Mutation

• n cannot mutate in Welsh.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “n”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Xhosa

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Xhosa alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Yele

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɳ /, /ⁿ/

Letter

n (upper case N)

1. A letter of the Yele alphabet.

Derived terms

• The digraph ⟨nd⟩ transcribes the single consonant /ⁿʈ/ [ɳɖ]
• The digraph ⟨ng⟩ transcribes /ŋ/
• The trigraph ⟨ngm⟩ transcribes the single consonant /ŋ͡m/
• The digraph ⟨nj⟩ transcribes the single consonant /ⁿt̪ʲ/ [n̪d̪͡ʑ]
• The digraph ⟨nk⟩ transcribes the single consonant /ⁿk/ [ŋɡ]
• The digraph ⟨nm⟩ transcribes the single consonant /ɳ͡m/
• The digraph ⟨nt⟩ transcribes the single consonant /ⁿt̪/ [n̪d̪]

Palatalized consonants are written ⟨ndy, nmy, ny⟩ (the last being /ɳʲ/), labialized consonants as ⟨ngw, nkw⟩.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, â, b, Ch ch, D d, e, é, ê, Gh gh, i, î, j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, o, ó, P p, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y, ꞉

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /n/, IPA^(key): /ŋ/, IPA^(key): / ̃/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /nĩ́/

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called ní and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
• (Benin)
• (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• ín, í (Èkìtì)
• mí (Ìjẹ̀ṣà, Ìjẹ̀bú)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ŋ́/

Particle

ń

2. Marks the imperfective or progressive aspect, for actions that are not completed.

   Mo ń jẹun. ― I am eating; I was eating.

Derived terms

• máa ń (“habitual tense marker”)

See also

Aspect markers in Yoruba
Aspects in Yoruba (Ajani, 2001)
Realis			Irrealis
Unmarked (Completive)	Progressive	Relational	Anticipative	Intentional
∅	ń	ti	máa	yóò ¹
Complex aspects Backgrounder Inceptive Manifestive Relevant–inceptive Habitual Expective Antecedent completion yóò ti ¹ yóò máa ¹ ti máa ti ń máa ń yóò ti máa ¹ ti máa ń
Explanatory notes (Ajani, 2001) Unmarked (Completive) The unmarked form of a verb “indicates a completed action”, e.g. mo lọ sí ilé-ìwé (“I went to school”), though with stative verbs like mọ́ (“to know”) and wà (“to exist”), the action is expressed without particularization, e.g., as “a statement of a general character or universal truth” (Ogunbọwale, 1970), or without any notion of past tense. Take for example, oorú mú (“it is hot”) and mo ní ilé (“I have a house”). Progressive Termed the incompletive by Ajani (2001), this describes an action in progress, “either in the present or before the present”. The sentence wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ could be translated as “they are busy working” or “they were busy working”. Relational This aspect “describes an event or activity that is not complete, with reference to an ongoing event”. Though it may represent an action that has already taken place, the suggestion is that the relevance or effect of said action is still ongoing. The sentence ẹ ti jẹun translates to “you have eaten” or “you ate” — Ajani (2001) notes that “although the activity of eating has taken place sometime before the moment of speech, its effect is still being felt and is still considered incomplete with reference to [an]other activity or event at the moment of utterance”. Previous studies have inaccurately characterised ti as a marker of perfective aspect. Adéwọlé (1991) demonstrates that ti, as a relational marker, can be strung together with other markers to express a sequential relationship between events. Wọ́n ò tí ì jí. They haven’t woken up. Anticipative This aspect describes an activity “that is non-existent but likely to take place”, and can be used in “predicting, planning, or speculation”. It can be translated as “will”, “might” or “have plans to”, expressing anticipation of a possible future event or action. Intentional Like the anticipative, yóò is mainly used to refer to actions in the future, though it differs from máa in that it expresses an intention to do something. It “denotes that the speaker has control over the performance of the activity in question, and has weighed all the options before making the decision”. Note that yóò cannot be used after regular pronouns, the subject must be an emphatic pronoun like èmi or òun. Ẹ̀yin yóò wá kí wa lọ́la. You intend to come and visit us tomorrow. Backgrounder Provides “a background to another action that is yet to take place. […] the backgrounder aspect operates within the main clause to provide a background to the event described in the subordinate clause that is introduced by 'kí' (before).” Àwa yóò ti lọ kí ẹ tó padà. We will have left before you return. Inceptive Describes “an activity that is yet to begin but which the speaker has decided to embark upon shortly […] There is an anticipation, informed by a decision, to embark upon the process of leaving the place of utterance”. This aspect is somewhat similar to the intentional yóò, but it suggests that the subject of the sentence has made a decision to do something in the near future. Èmi yóò máa lọ. I will be leaving any time from now. Manifestive This sequence “describes an activity that would have started prior to another one”. In the manifestive, “the activity is expected to have begun and be ongoing before the second event takes place”. There is also an intention or expectation, by the speaker, to have already started doing something “by the time the subject of the second clause arrives on the scene”. A ti máa lọ kí o tó dé. We will have left before you arrive. Relevant–inceptive This “describes an activity that has or had just started but is or was still on-going before another one”. The activity, “though begun prior to the moment of speech, still has relevance and effect at the moment of speech”. Wọ́n ti ń sùn kí a tó dé ilé. They had already gone to bed and were sleeping before we got home. In this sentence, the “act of sleeping carried on into the moment of speech” and “probably was interrupted with the arrival of the persons in the second clause”. Habitual The habitual aspect in Yoruba “describes an activity that was performed on a regular basis prior to the present or is continually performed on a regular basis. It refers to a habitual event or activity, either in a timeless frame or in a past frame”. It may be analysed as the habitual aspect in the past tense, or without any “specific time frame of reference”. Expective This “describes an activity that will have begun and still be ongoing before another one takes place”, and may be analysed as a combination of the backgrounder and anticipative aspects. While “the backgrounder deals with an event that would have begun and have been completed before another event, the expective deals with an event that would have begun and would still be ongoing before a second event takes place”. This aspect is similar to the manifestive, but there is a “sense of certainty” that the manifestive lacks. Ìwọ yóò ti máa kàwé kí a tó jí. You will have been reading before we wake up. Antecedent completion This aspect “describes an action that used to have been completed, on a regular basis, prior to another activity”, and may be seen as the addition of incompleteness (ń) to the manifestive aspect (ti máa), or relationality (ti) to the habitual aspect (máa ń). While “the manifestive describes an activity that would have started prior to another one, the antecedent completion describes an activity or event that took place regularly before another one over a period of time prior to the moment of utterance”. Wọ́n ti máa ń jẹun tán kí a tó lọ. They used to have finished eating before we left.
Tense and aspect in Yoruba (Ogunbọwale, 1970) Primary Relational Unmarked Habitual Progressive–continuous Fixed beginning Fixed end Present–past ∅ máa ń a máa ń ń ti ń ti ³ ti máa ń ⁴ a ti máa ⁴ Future yóò ¹ ó máa á — yóò máa ¹ ó máa á máa yóò ti máa ¹ ó ti máa á ti máa yóò ti ¹ ó ti á ti Negative constructions (Adebayo, 2021) Primary Relational Unmarked Habitual Fixed beginning Fixed end ² Present–past kò ² kì í ⁵ kì í máa ⁵ kò ń ² kò máa ń ² — kò ì ³ kò tí ì ³ ⁵ kò ì tí ì ³ ⁵ kò ti ń ⁴ kò ti máa ń ⁴ Future kò níí ² kì yóò ¹ kì ó kì yóò máa ¹ kì yóò tí ì máa ¹ ⁵ kò níí tí ì máa ² ⁵ kì yóò tí ì ¹ ⁵ kò ì kò ì níí kò níí tí ì ⁵ kò tí ì níí ⁵
Footnotes yóó, yíò and yíó are alternative forms of yóò. Note that if a pronoun comes before yóò, that pronoun must be emphatic. ò is an alternative form of kò, often used after personal pronouns. Treated as representations of the “perfective unmarked” aspect in Bamgboṣe (2000) and completive aspect in Ogunbọwale (1970). This aspect is termed “relational” by Adéwọlé (1991) and Ajani (2010) in their analyses. According to Ogunbọwale (1970), these are used to “describe a habitual action in the past but one which has ceased to exist”. This is analogous to the aspect of “antecedent completion” in the analysis by Ajani (2010). kì í and tí ì are sometimes written without spaces: kìí and tíì.
References Adebayo, T. A. (2021), “Yorùbá Sentential Negative Markers”, in Studies in African Linguistics, volume 50, number 1, →DOI, pages 140–166 Adéwọlé, L. O. (1991), “Aspect and Phase Systems in Yoruba”, in Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics, volume 14, pages 1–20 Ajani, Timothy Temilọla (2001), Aspect in Yoruba and Nigerian English, University of Florida dissertation Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (2000), A Grammar of Yoruba, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN Ogunbọwale, P. O. (1970), The Essentials of the Yoruba Language, London: University of London Press, →ISBN, →OCLC

Etymology 3

Compare with Igbo m

Alternative forms

• ng (archaic)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ŋ̄/

Pronoun

n̄ or n

1. alternative form of mo (“I”) (used in negative or future sentences, or with kí)

Zulu

Letter

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z