Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kastrom

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut”) + *-trom. This word shows a zero-grade root and epenthetic insertion of -a-.

Noun

*kastrom n

1. part, share of something

Reconstruction notes

The term may have undergone a semantic shift from the original Proto-Indo-European notion of cutting to mean "cut off part or section." From this new meaning, the term may have developed to mean "fenced off area," before further shifting to refer to a type of camp in Latin. The notion that the term originally referred to cutting is supported by Latin castrō (“to amputate, castrate”), which may derive from Proto-Italic *kastrāō, which itself may have been a denominative verb to an instrumental noun also reconstructible as *kastrom.

Declension

The original declension, given the presence of *-trom:

Declension of *kastrom (o-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*kastrom	*kastrā
vocative	*kastrom	*kastrā
accusative	*kastrom	*kastrā
genitive	*kastrosjo, *kastrī	*kastrom
dative	*kastrōi	*kastrois
ablative	*kastrōd	*kastrois
locative	*kastrei	*kastrois

In Sabellic however, this word was secondarily transformed into a u-stem:

Declension of *kastrom (u-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*kastrus	*kastrowes
vocative	*kastrus	*kastrowes
accusative	*kastrum	*kastruns
genitive	*kastrous	*kastrwom
dative	*kastrowei	*kastruβos
ablative	*kastrūd	*kastruβos
locative	*kastrou	*kastruβos

Related terms

• *kastru- (“field, possession?”)
  • Oscan: castrous (gen. sg.), castrid (abl. sg.)
  • Umbrian: 𐌊𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌅𐌖𐌚 (kastruvuf, acc. pl.), castruo (acc. pl.)
• *kastrāō
  • Latin: castrō

Descendants

• Latin: castrum (see there for further descendants)