Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ārijaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Usually held to be a borrowing from Latin -ārius; at the very least, it was probably influenced and reinforced by it.[1][2][3] However, Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which was then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā.[4]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]*-ārijaz m
Inflection
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-ārijaz | *-ārijōz, *-ārijōs |
| vocative | *-ārī | *-ārijōz, *-ārijōs |
| accusative | *-āriją | *-ārijanz |
| genitive | *-ārijas, *-ārīs | *-ārijǫ̂ |
| dative | *-ārijai | *-ārijamaz |
| instrumental | *-ārijō | *-ārijamiz |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]This suffix was conflated with the suffixal use of the noun *warjaz in many languages, eventually causing both to be treated as one.[5][6]
- Proto-West Germanic: *-ārī
- Proto-Norse:
- Gothic: -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis)
- → Proto-Slavic: *-ařь (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “-er, suffix1”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume III (D–E), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 264, column 3.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lloyd, Albert L.; Lühr, Rosemarie (1988), “-ā̆ri”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen[1] (in German), volumes I: a – bezzisto, Göttingen/Zürich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 326
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 138
- ^ Gąsiorowski, Piotr (17 November 2017), “Cherchez la femme: Two Germanic suffixes, one etymology”, in Folia Linguistica Historica, volume 51, number s38, , pages 125–147
- ^ Foerste, William (1969), “Die germanischen Stammesnamen auf -varii”, in Karl Hauck, editor, Frühmittelalterliche Studien, volume 3, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter,
- ^ Braune, Wilhelm (2004), Ingo von Reifenstein, editor, Althochdeutsche Grammatik (Sammlung Kurzer Grammatiken Germanisches Dialekte; 5), 15th edition, volume I: Laut- und Formenlehre, Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, , →ISBN, § 200, page 192: “Das Suffix -wari in Völkernamen ist nach Schwund des w (Kluge 1887, 378) mit -äri verschmolzen”