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-ene

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ene"

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Latin -ēnus, from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós), forming adjectives from place names.

Suffix

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-ene

  1. Forms adjectives relating to places and nouns for their inhabitants.
    ‎Cairo + ‎-ene → ‎Cairene
    ‎Damascus + ‎-ene → ‎Damascene
  2. Forms adjectives and nouns denoting religious groups from personal names.
    ‎Rogers + ‎-ene → ‎Rogerene
    ‎Hagar + ‎-ene → ‎Hagarene
See also
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References

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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from French -ène, chosen by French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas to avoid confusion with chemicals in -ine.

Suffix

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-ene

  1. (organic chemistry) An unsaturated hydrocarbon having at least one double bond; an alkene.
  2. (organic chemistry) An aromatic hydrocarbon based on benzene.
  3. A polymer derived from an alkene.
Usage notes
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The common names of some other organic compounds also end in ene.

Derived terms
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derivative suffixes
terms derived from "-ene"
Translations
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See also
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References

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Etymology 3

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Derived from graphene, expressing its monolayer characteristic

Suffix

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-ene

  1. a single-atom thick two-dimensional layer of atoms
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -ne (conditional suffix).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ene

  1. (conditional suffix) Forms the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-ene → ‎segítene (“he/she would help”)

Usage notes

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    Conditional indefinite – personal endings
Person Back
    vowel     		Front vowel
unrounded  rounded 
én 1st person singular -nék
after two consonants
or a long vowel + t 		-anék -enék
te 2nd person singular -nál -nél
after two consonants
or a long vowel + t 		-anál -enél
ő
maga
ön 		3rd person singular -na -ne
after two consonants
or a long vowel + t 		-ana -ene
mi 1st person plural -nánk -nénk
after two consonants
or a long vowel + t 		-anánk -enénk
ti 2nd person plural -nátok -nétek
after two consonants
or a long vowel + t 		-anátok -enétek
ők
maguk
önök 		3rd person plural -nának -nének
after two consonants
or a long vowel + t 		-anának -enének
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and
second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.
  • (conditional suffix) Variants:
    -na is added to most back vowel verbs
    ‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-na → ‎várna (“he/she would wait”)
    -ne is added to most front vowel verbs
    ‎kér (“to ask”) + ‎-ne → ‎kérne (“he/she would ask”)
    -ana is added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t (exceptions: áll, száll, varr, forr, lát)
    ‎mond (“to say something”) + ‎-ana → ‎mondana (“he/she would say something”)
    ‎tanít (“to teach”) + ‎-ana → ‎tanítana (“he/she would teach”)
    -ene is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t
    ‎fest (“to paint”) + ‎-ene → ‎festene (“he/she would paint”)
    ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-ene → ‎segítene (“he/she would help”)

See also

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Latvian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From -enis +‎ -e (fem.).

Suffix

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-ene

  1. female equivalent of -enis (for female beings)
  2. feminine of -enis (for feminine-gender objects)
  3. female equivalent of -ēns (for female beings)
  4. feminine of -ēns (for feminine-gender objects)

Derived terms

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Latvian terms suffixed with -ene
avene
balsene
biedrene
draudzene
dzērvene
dzimtene
dzīslene
dzīvesbiedrene
gailene
kaķene
karaliene
kaulene
kazene
lapsene
lauvene
lācene
meitene
meitenīte
mellene
milzene
radzene
strazdiene
stulbene
tīģeriene
tīklene
trusene
upene
varavīksnene
vecene
vilcene
zaķene
zemene
zilene
zvirbuliene

Middle Dutch

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Pronoun

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-ene

  1. Enclitic form of hem; accusative of hi

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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From Old English -ena, for earlier -ana, from Proto-West Germanic *-anō, *-ōnō, from Proto-Germanic *-anǫ̂, *-ōnǫ̂, from the Proto-Indo-European genitive plural suffix *-oHom when attached to n-stems.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ene

  1. (chiefly Kent, Southern or West Midland) Used to form the genitive plural of nouns.
    Synonyms: -es (more common), -e (somewhat less common)
Usage notes
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  • Already in late Old English, there was a tendency to extend the suffix -ena from weak (n-stem) nouns to other noun classes, especially in the noun dæġ (“day”); for instance, dagena is found for earlier daga (“days'”).[1] This trend continues and reaches completion in Middle English; therefore, -ene can be suffixed to nouns of any Old English inflectional class, as in kingene king (“king of kings”) for more conservative kinge king (Old English cy(ni)nga cy(ni)ng).[2][3]
  • However, -ene is itself supplanted by -es, extended from the genitive singular and nominative/accusative plural. This replacement begins very early, meaning that -ene is mostly nonexistent in East Midland and Northern Middle English (including Early Scots) and recessive in the other dialects, with -es becoming increasingly predominant after the Early Middle English period just like the nominative/accusative plural ending. However, weak nouns (n-stems) tended to preserve -ene insofar as they survived, as it could be identified with the nominative/accusative plural ending -en in line with a Middle English tendency to efface all plural case distinctions,[4] though the suffix was often disyllabic in verse, demonstrating that this tendency was not total.[5]
  • Especially in later Middle English, genitive plurals formed with -ene increasingly acquired an "adjectival colouring", becoming influenced by and undergoing partial conflation with the adjectival suffix -en, which thus acquires a form -ene. A strict boundary between denominal possessive adjectives formed with -en and nouns inflected with -ene is therefore impossible to draw.[6][7][8] For a more complete development of an adjectival suffix from a genitive plural, see Old French francor (“French”) and German -er.
  • This ending is especially found with semantically animate nouns, in contrast with -e, which is chiefly applied to inanimate nouns.[9]
  • This suffix tends to induce the same alternations in the noun stem as the plural suffix -es, as in dawene (“days'”).
References
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  1. ^ Hogg, Richard; Fulk, R. D. (2011), A Grammar of Old English, volume 2: Morphology, Oxford: Blackwell, →ISBN, pages 73-75
  2. ^ “-en(e”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 25 October 2024.
  3. ^ Logan, H[arry] M. (1973), “V. Grammar”, in The dialect of the Life of Saint Katherine: A linguistic study of the phonology and inflections (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 130), The Hague: Mouton, →OCLC, § 40, pages 156-157.
  4. ^ Berndt, Rolf (1968), “Bemerkungen zur geschichtlichen Entwicklung der englischen Sprache”, in Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, volume 16, number 2, Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie, page 167.
  5. ^ Putter, Ad; Judith, Jefferson; Stokes, Myra (2007), “5. The Structure of the A-Verse”, in Studies in the Metre of Alliterative Verse (Medium Ævum Monographs: New Series; 26)‎[1], Oxford: The Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 235.
  6. ^ “-en, suf.(8).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 25 October 2024.
  7. ^ d'Ardenne, S[imonne] R. T. O. (1961) [1936], “Language”, in Þe Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene (Early English Text Society; 248), London: Oxford University Press for the Early English Text Society, →OCLC, § 64, page 209.
  8. ^ Mustanoja, Tauno F. (1960), “Cases: Genitive”, in A Middle English Syntax (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki; 23), volume I: Parts of Speech, Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, page 73; republished at Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016, →DOI, →ISBN.
  9. ^ Myers, Sara (26 November 2014), “Chapter 2: Genitive Plural Nouns”, in An investigation of certain aspects of the genitive noun phrase in Middle English (1150-1500) (Thesis)‎[2], University of Edinburgh, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-08-22, § 2.5.3, page 49.

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-ene

  1. alternative form of -en (adjectival suffix)

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Danish -ene

Suffix

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-ene

  1. suffix added to most definite plural nouns

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Suffix

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-ene

  1. Used to form definite plurals for most feminine nouns.

Old English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-ene

  1. inflection of -en:
    1. dative singular
    2. strong accusative feminine singular
    3. strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular
    4. strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural
    5. weak nominative feminine/neuter singular
    6. weak accusative neuter singular

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-ene

  1. (Late Old English) alternative form of -enne
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