Talk:List of possible dwarf planets

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Archived discussion of the table: Talk:List of possible dwarf planets/Template talk

SQL source for updating the main table

/*    set tabs=4

-- What this is:
	This sets up a possible-dwarf-planet database on a Microsoft SQL Server Express instance
	(freely available download from Microsoft).
	You'll probably need at least a little familiarity with running SQL scripts.
	It will create a database and install a bunch of procs, etc., to semi-automatically maintain and generate
	a Wikipedia table of possible dwarf planets.

-- Set up:
	Set up a server instance on your own.  I don't remember exactly how, but I was able to muddle through
	it with no database admin expertise, so you can, too.
	Once you've got a server instance, create a database on it (ditto), then run this script in a query window attached to that database.

-- Filling up the database:
	Go to the MPC tables of TNOs -- see Wiki_Table_References at the end of this script for the exact URL.
	Select and copy all of the table contents (not headers).
	In a SQL query window containing the following
		exec Import_MPC '
		< paste table here >
		'
	paste the table between the quotes (as shown) and run the query.
	The MPC has two such tables, for TNOs and Scattered/Centaurs, so do this for each.
	Then go to Mike Brown's dwarf planet list page (also in the references), and do a similar thing, only using the following:
		exec Import_Brown '
		< paste table here >
		'
	You now have a nice database of TNOs and friends, but it is still missing some data.
	In a fresh query window, run:
		exec Add_IAU_Dwarfs      -- to add Ceres and tag the IAU-recognised DPs
		exec Add_Tancredi_Dwarfs -- to add Tancredi's recommendations (as of his 2010 paper)
		exec Add_Physicals       -- to add well-measured physical parameters (from Wikipedia)
	Now you have a good starting database.
	Note: The year/dates in the above may have changed since this comment was last updated.
	You can manually add objects with
		exec Upsert_Dwarf <see parameter list below>
	Similarly, see below (e.g.)
		exec Add_IAU @name='MyTNO', @iau=1
		exec Add_Phys @name='MyTNO, @diameter=876, @diam_hi=10, @diam_lo=8, @mass=700, @h=3.1   -- all but @name can be omitted (or null)
		exec Add_Tancredi @name='MyTNO', @result='accepted'
		exec Add_Category @name='MyTNO', @category='cubewano'
	to manually fill in various data not from the MPC/Brown tables.

-- Generating the Wikipedia table (and friends):
	There are two main elements of the table: the table itself (which includes its notes),
	and the references used by the table (to insert in the page's references section).
		exec Wiki_Brown_Legend    <---- this is now obsolete; it's being handled manually since it's a small table
		exec Wiki_Table @min_diam=300, @auto_cat=1
		exec Wiki_Table_References
	In Wiki_Table, the @min_diam specifies the minimum diameter to include in the table.
	All objects of at least that size (for best estimate, or Brown's) will be included in the output.
	@auto_cat=1 tells it to guess the dynamical category (based on MPC's orbital parameters), if there isn't an explicit category.
	Set @auto_cat=0 if you don't want guesses.
	You paste the output from the SQL Messages window into the Wikipedia page editor.

-- Caveats:
	Some of the names in the MPC tables might contain single quotes ': they should be deleted or changed to two consecutive single quotes ''
		(syntax highlighting should make it fairly clear where this is required).
	I gave Ceres a licence plate of 1801 AA, and Pluto 1930 DA.
*/


if not exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'dwarf' ) begin
	create table dwarf (
		lp				nvarchar(50) primary key, -- licence plate # (provisional mpc discovery designation)
		mpn				int null, -- minor planet number
		name			nvarchar(50) null,
		iau				bit not null default 0,
		-- orbital elements
		semi_major		float null, -- a, AU
		perihelion		float null, -- q, AU
		aphelion		float null, -- Q, AU
		eccentricity	float null, -- e
		inclination		float null, -- i
		longitude		float null, -- longitude of ascending node
		arg_perihelion	float null, -- argument of perihelion
		mean_anomaly	float null, -- M
		epoch			nvarchar(8) null, -- yyyymmdd
		category		nvarchar(200) null, -- plutino, cubewano, ...; 200 to include wiki-links
		-- well-determined physical properties
		abs_magnitude	float not null default 100, -- H (from MPC)
		abs_mag_other	float null, -- H (from other source)
		diam_measured	float null, -- km
		diam_meas_hi	float null, -- km, error bar plus
		diam_meas_lo	float null, -- km, error bar minus
		mass			float null, -- Zg
		-- figures as used by Brown
		diam_brown		float null, -- km
		albedo_brown	float null, -- %
		magnitude_brown	float null, -- H
		likely_brown	nvarchar(200) null, -- his assessment of how likely it is to be a dwarf
		how_brown		nvarchar(200) null, -- how he determined his diameter
		-- Tancredi's recommendation
		tancredi		nvarchar(50) null,
	)
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'String_Split' )
	drop function String_Split
go
create function String_Split ( @string nvarchar(max), @separator char )
	returns @table table (String nvarchar(max) not NULL)
as
begin
    declare @current nvarchar(max), @sepix int

    while len(@string) > 0 begin
        set @sepix = charindex( @separator, @string )
        if @sepix > 0
            set @current = substring( @string, 0, @sepix )
        else
            set @current = @string

        insert @table (String) values (ltrim(rtrim(@current)))

        if @sepix > 0 begin
            set @string = substring( @string, @sepix + 1, len(@string) - len(@current) )
            if len(@string) = 0 -- last char was a sep
				insert @table (String) values ('')
        end
        else begin
            set @string = ''
		end
    end
    return
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'To_Float' )
	drop procedure To_Float
go
create procedure To_Float
	@s nvarchar(50),
	@f float out
as begin
	set nocount on
	begin try
		set @f = @s
	end try begin catch
		set @f = null
	end catch
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Import_MPC' )
	drop procedure Import_MPC
go
create procedure Import_MPC
	@page nvarchar(max)
as begin
	set nocount on
	declare @line nvarchar(max), @i int, @s nvarchar(50), @name nvarchar(200), @mpn int
	declare @desg nvarchar(200), @lp nvarchar(50), @qp float, @qa float, @h float, @epoch nvarchar(50), @m float, @peri float,
			@node float, @incl float, @ecc float, @semi float, @opps nvarchar(50), @ref nvarchar(50), @who nvarchar(200)

	-- for each line
	declare c cursor local fast_forward for
		select String from dbo.String_Split( @page, nchar(10)/*lf*/ )
	open c while 1=1 begin
		fetch c into @line
		if @@fetch_status <> 0 begin close c deallocate c break end
		set @line = replace(@line,nchar(13)/*cr*/,'')
		if len(@line) < 1 continue
		-- gather columns
		select @i = 0, @h = null
		declare d cursor local fast_forward for
			select rtrim(ltrim(String)) from dbo.String_Split( @line, nchar(9)/*tab*/ )
		open d while 1=1 begin
			fetch d into @s
			if @@fetch_status <> 0 or @i > 14 begin close d deallocate d break end
			if      @i =  0  set @desg  = @s
			else if @i =  1  set @lp    = @s
			else if @i =  2  set @qp    = @s
			else if @i =  3  set @qa    = @s
			else if @i =  4 and len(@s) > 0 exec To_Float @s, @h out
			else if @i =  5  set @epoch = @s
			else if @i =  6  set @m     = @s
			else if @i =  7  set @peri  = @s
			else if @i =  8  set @node  = @s
			else if @i =  9  set @incl  = @s
			else if @i = 10  set @ecc   = @s
			else if @i = 11  set @semi  = @s
			else if @i = 12  set @opps  = @s
			else if @i = 13  set @ref   = @s
			else if @i = 14  set @who   = @s
			set @i += 1
		end
		-- skip entry if there's no H
		if @h is null continue
		if len(ltrim(isnull(@h,''))) <= 0 continue
		-- extract mpn/name from desg
		select @mpn = null, @name = null
		if len(@desg) > 0 begin
			set @i = charindex( ' ', @desg )
			if @i > 0 begin
				set @name = substring( @desg, @i+1, len(@desg) )
				set @desg = left( @desg, @i )
			end
			set @i = charindex( ')', @desg )
			set @mpn = cast( substring( @desg, 2, @i-2 ) as int )
		end
		if @name = 'pluto' set @lp = '1930 DA'
		-- upsert dwarf row
		update dwarf set
			mpn = @mpn, name = @name, abs_magnitude = @h,
			semi_major = @semi, perihelion = @qp, aphelion = @qa, eccentricity = @ecc, inclination = @incl,
			longitude = @node, arg_perihelion = @peri, mean_anomaly = @m, epoch = @epoch
		where lp = @lp
		if @@rowcount <= 0 begin
			insert dwarf (lp,mpn,name,abs_magnitude,semi_major,perihelion,aphelion,eccentricity,inclination,
							longitude,arg_perihelion,mean_anomaly,epoch)
			values (@lp,@mpn,@name,@h,@semi,@qp,@qa,@ecc,@incl,@node,@peri,@m,@epoch)
		end
	end
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Import_Brown' )
	drop procedure Import_Brown
go
create procedure Import_Brown
	@page nvarchar(max)
as begin
	set nocount on
	declare @line nvarchar(max), @i int, @s nvarchar(50)
	declare @n int, @name nvarchar(50), @diam float, @albedo int, @mag float, @how nvarchar(50), @likely nvarchar(50)

	-- for each line
	declare c cursor local fast_forward for
		select String from dbo.String_Split( @page, nchar(10)/*lf*/ )
	open c while 1=1 begin
		fetch c into @line
		if @@fetch_status <> 0 begin close c deallocate c break end
		set @line = replace(@line,nchar(13)/*cr*/,'')
		if len(@line) < 1 continue
		-- gather columns
		set @i = 0
		declare d cursor local fast_forward for
			select rtrim(ltrim(String)) from dbo.String_Split( @line, nchar(9)/*tab*/ )
		open d while 1=1 begin
			fetch d into @s
			if @@fetch_status <> 0 or @i > 6 begin close d deallocate d break end
			if      @i = 0  set @n      = @s
			else if @i = 1  set @name   = @s
			else if @i = 2  set @diam   = @s
			else if @i = 3  set @albedo = @s
			else if @i = 4  set @mag    = @s
			else if @i = 5  set @how    = @s
			else if @i = 6  set @likely = @s
			set @i += 1
		end
		-- break LPs from 2000XX111 to 2000 XX111
		if @name like '[12]%'
			set @name = cast( substring( @name, 1, 4 ) as nvarchar ) + ' ' + cast( substring( @name, 5, 10 ) as nvarchar )
		-- update dwarf row
		update dwarf set
			diam_brown = @diam,
			albedo_brown = @albedo,
			magnitude_brown = @mag,
			how_brown = @how,
			likely_brown = @likely
		where lp = @name or name = @name or cast(mpn as nvarchar) = @name
	end
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Upsert_Dwarf' )
	drop procedure Upsert_Dwarf
go
create procedure Upsert_Dwarf
	@mpn int = null,
	@name nvarchar(50) = null,
	@lp nvarchar(50),
	@H float,
	@qp float = null,
	@qa float = null,
	@a float = null,
	@i float = null,
	@e float = null,
	@node float = null,
	@peri float = null,
	@M float = null,
	@epoch nvarchar(8) = null,
	@diameter float = null,
	@mass float = null,
	@category nvarchar(200) = null
as begin
	set nocount on
	if exists( select 1 from dwarf where lp = @lp )
		update dwarf set
			mpn            = isnull( @mpn, mpn ),
			name           = isnull( @name, name ),
			abs_magnitude  = isnull( @H, abs_magnitude ),
			semi_major     = isnull( @a, semi_major ),
			perihelion     = isnull( @qp, perihelion ),
			aphelion       = isnull( @qa, aphelion ),
			eccentricity   = isnull( @e, eccentricity ),
			inclination    = isnull( @i, inclination ),
			longitude      = isnull( @node, longitude ),
			arg_perihelion = isnull( @peri, arg_perihelion ),
			mean_anomaly   = isnull( @M, mean_anomaly ),
			epoch          = isnull( @epoch, epoch ),
			diam_measured  = isnull( @diameter, diam_measured ),
			mass           = isnull( @mass, mass ),
			category       = isnull( @category, category )
		where lp = @lp
	else
		insert dwarf (lp,mpn,name,abs_magnitude,semi_major,perihelion,aphelion,eccentricity,inclination,
						longitude,arg_perihelion,mean_anomaly,epoch,diam_measured,mass,category)
		values (@lp,@mpn,@name,@H,@a,@qp,@qa,@e,@i,@node,@peri,@M,@epoch,@diameter,@mass,@category)
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Tancredi' )
	drop procedure Add_Tancredi
go
create procedure Add_Tancredi
	@name nvarchar(50),
	@result nvarchar(50)
as begin
	set nocount on
	update dwarf set tancredi = @result where lp = @name or name = @name or cast(mpn as nvarchar) = @name
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Tancredi_Dwarfs' )
	drop procedure Add_Tancredi_Dwarfs
go
create procedure Add_Tancredi_Dwarfs
as begin
	set nocount on
	-- Tancredi's algorithmic determination as of 2010
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Eris','accepted (measured)'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Pluto','accepted (measured)'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Makemake','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Haumea','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Sedna','accepted (and recommended)'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Orcus','accepted (and recommended)'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Quaoar','accepted (and recommended)'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2002 TX300','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2002 AW197','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2003 AZ84','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Ixion','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Varuna','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2004 GV9','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Huya','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi '1996 TL66','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Varda','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2005 RN43','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2005 RR43','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2003 OP32','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2001 UR163','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Salacia','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2005 RM43','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2004 UX10','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '1999 DE9','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2003 VS2','not accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2004 TY364','not accepted'
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_IAU' )
	drop procedure Add_IAU
go
create procedure Add_IAU
	@name nvarchar(50),
	@iau bit
as begin
	set nocount on
	update dwarf set iau = @iau where lp = @name or name = @name or cast(mpn as nvarchar) = @name
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_IAU_Dwarfs' )
	drop procedure Add_IAU_Dwarfs
go
create procedure Add_IAU_Dwarfs
as begin
	set nocount on
	-- the IAU recognised dwarf planets (as of 2019)
	exec Upsert_Dwarf
			@mpn = 1, @name = 'Ceres', @lp = '1801 AA', @category = '[[asteroid belt]]',
			@H = 3.3, @diameter = 946, @mass = 939,
			@qp = 2.6, @qa = 3.0, @a = 2.8, @i = 10.6, @e = 0.076,
			@node = 80.3, @peri = 72.5, @M = 96, @epoch = 20141209
	exec Add_IAU 'eris', 1
	exec Add_IAU 'pluto', 1
	exec Add_IAU 'makemake', 1
	exec Add_IAU 'haumea', 1
	exec Add_IAU 'ceres', 1
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Phys' )
	drop procedure Add_Phys
go
create procedure Add_Phys
	@name nvarchar(50),
	@diameter float = null,
	@diam_hi float = null,
	@diam_lo float = null,
	@mass float = null,
	@h float = null
as begin
	set nocount on
	update dwarf set
		diam_measured = isnull(@diameter,diam_measured),
		diam_meas_hi = isnull(@diam_hi,diam_meas_hi),
		diam_meas_lo = isnull(@diam_lo,diam_meas_lo),
		mass = isnull(@mass,mass),
		abs_mag_other = isnull(@h,abs_mag_other)
	where lp = @name or name = @name or cast(mpn as nvarchar) = @name
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Physicals' )
	drop procedure Add_Physicals
go
create procedure Add_Physicals
as begin
	set nocount on
	-- the "measured" mass and diameter of this date
	-- generally, the most recent result from a published scientific paper
	-- as of 2018-10
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Pluto',      @diameter=2376, @diam_hi=3.2, @mass=13030, @h=-0.76
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Eris',       @diameter=2326, @diam_hi=12, @mass=16600
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Haumea',     @diameter=1632, @diam_hi=51, @mass=4006
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Makemake',   @diameter=1430, @diam_hi=14, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2007 OR10',  @diameter=1230, @diam_hi=50, @mass=1750
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Quaoar',     @diameter=1110, @diam_hi=5, @mass=1400, @h=2.82
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Sedna',      @diameter=995, @diam_hi=80, @mass=null, @h=1.83
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Ceres',      @diameter=946, @diam_hi=2, @mass=939, @h=3.36
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 MS4',   @diameter=934, @diam_hi=47, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Orcus',      @diameter=910, @diam_hi=50, @diam_lo=40, @mass=641, @h=2.31
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Salacia',    @diameter=854, @diam_hi=45, @mass=438, @h=4.25
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 AW197', @diameter=768, @diam_hi=39, @diam_lo=38, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2013 FY27',  @diameter=740, @diam_hi=90, @diam_lo=85, @mass=null, @h=3.15
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2003 AZ84',  @diameter=727, @diam_hi=62, @diam_lo=67, @mass=null, @h=3.74
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Varda',      @diameter=717, @diam_hi=5, @mass=266, @h=3.61
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 GV9',   @diameter=680, @diam_hi=34, @mass=null, @h=4.25
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2005 RN43',  @diameter=679, @diam_hi=55, @diam_lo=73, @mass=null, @h=3.89
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Varuna',     @diameter=668, @diam_hi=154, @diam_lo=86, @mass=null, @h=3.76
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 UX25',  @diameter=665, @diam_hi=29, @mass=125, @h=3.87
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2014 UZ224', @diameter=635, @diam_hi=65, @diam_lo=72, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Ixion',      @diameter=617, @diam_hi=19, @diam_lo=20, @mass=null, @h=3.83
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2007 UK126', @diameter=632, @diam_hi=34, @diam_lo=34, @mass=136, @h=3.7
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Chaos',      @diameter=600, @diam_hi=140, @diam_lo=130, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 TC302', @diameter=584, @diam_hi=106, @diam_lo=88, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 XV93',  @diameter=549, @diam_hi=22, @diam_lo=23, @mass=null, @h=5.42
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2003 VS2',   @diameter=523, @diam_hi=35, @diam_lo=34, @mass=null, @h=4.1
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 TY364', @diameter=512, @diam_hi=37, @diam_lo=40, @mass=null, @h=4.52
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2005 UQ513', @diameter=498, @diam_hi=63, @diam_lo=75, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2010 EK139', @diameter=470, @diam_hi=35, @diam_lo=10, @mass=null, @h=3.8
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2005 TB190', @diameter=464, @diam_hi=62, @mass=null, @h=4.4
	exec Add_Phys  @name='1999 DE9',   @diameter=461, @diam_hi=45, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2003 FY128', @diameter=460, @diam_hi=21, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 VR128', @diameter=449, @diam_hi=42, @diam_lo=43, @mass=null, @h=5.58
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 KX14',  @diameter=445, @diam_hi=27, @mass=null, @h=4.86
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 NT33',  @diameter=423, @diam_hi=87, @diam_lo=80, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2005 QU182', @diameter=416, @diam_hi=73, @mass=null, @h=3.8
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2001 QF298', @diameter=408, @diam_hi=40, @diam_lo=45, @mass=null, @h=5.43
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Huya',       @diameter=406, @diam_hi=16, @mass=null, @h=5.04
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 PF115', @diameter=406, @diam_hi=98, @diam_lo=75, @mass=null, @h=4.54
	exec Add_Phys  @name='1998 SN165', @diameter=393, @diam_hi=39, @diam_lo=38, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 UX10',  @diameter=361, @diam_hi=124, @diam_lo=94, @mass=null, @h=4.75
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2001 YH140', @diameter=345, @diam_hi=45, @mass=null, @h=5.8
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 XA192', @diameter=339, @diam_hi=120, @diam_lo=95, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='1996 TL66',  @diameter=339, @diam_hi=20, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2001 FP185', @diameter=332, @diam_hi=31, @diam_lo=24, @mass=null, @h=6.38
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 TX300', @diameter=286, @diam_hi=10, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='1999 TC36',  @diameter=272, @diam_hi=17, @diam_lo=19, @mass=7, @h=5.41
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Sila-Nunam', @diameter=250, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Chariklo',   @diameter=248, @diam_hi=18, @mass=null, @h=7.40
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Chiron',     @diameter=218, @diam_hi=20, @mass=null, @h=5.92
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Category' )
	drop procedure Add_Category
go
create procedure Add_Category
	@name nvarchar(50),
	@category nvarchar(200)
as begin
	set nocount on
	update dwarf set category = @category where lp = @name or name = @name or cast(mpn as nvarchar) = @name
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Categories' )
	drop procedure Add_Categories
go
create procedure Add_Categories
as begin
	set nocount on
	-- if a category is not set, one will be output from Guess_Category (below)
	exec Add_Category  @name='Eris', @category='[[Scattered disc|SDO]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='Pluto', @category='[[Plutino|2:3 resonant]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='Makemake', @category='[[cubewano]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='Sedna', @category='[[Detached object|detached]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='Ceres', @category='[[asteroid belt]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='2004 GV9', @category='[[Resonant trans-Neptunian object#3:5 resonance .28period .7E275 years.29|3:5 resonant]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='2004 XA192', @category='[[Resonant trans-Neptunian object#1:2 resonance .28.22twotinos.22.2C period .7E330 years.29|1:2 resonant]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='2002 TC302', @category='[[Resonant trans-Neptunian object#2:5 resonance .28period .7E410 years.29|2:5 resonant]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='1999 CD158', @category='[[Resonant trans-Neptunian object#4:7 resonance .28period .7E290 years.29|4:7 resonant]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='2002 KX14', @category='cubewano'
	exec Add_Category  @name='2010 KZ39', @category='detached'
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Import_Wiki' )
	drop procedure Import_Wiki
go
create procedure Import_Wiki
	@page nvarchar(max)
as begin
	set nocount on
	declare @line nvarchar(max), @i int, @s nvarchar(50)
	declare @name nvarchar(200), @bh float, @bdiam float, @balb float, @mh float, @mdiam float, @malb float, @mmass float,
			@adiams float, @adiaml float, @tan nvarchar(200), @cat nvarchar(200), @rdiam float

	-- for each line
	declare c cursor local fast_forward for
		select String from dbo.String_Split( @page, nchar(10)/*lf*/ )
	open c while 1=1 begin
		fetch c into @line
		if @@fetch_status <> 0 begin close c deallocate c break end
		set @line = replace(@line,nchar(13)/*cr*/,'')
		if len(@line) < 1 continue
		-- gather columns
		set @i = 0
		declare d cursor local fast_forward for
			select rtrim(ltrim(String)) from dbo.String_Split( @line, nchar(9)/*tab*/ )
		open d while 1=1 begin
			fetch d into @s
			if @@fetch_status <> 0 or @i > 12 begin close d deallocate d break end
			if len(@s) <= 0 set @s = null
			if      @i =  0  set @name = @s
			else if @i =  1  exec To_Float @s, @bh out
			else if @i =  2  exec To_Float @s, @bdiam out
			else if @i =  3  exec To_Float @s, @balb out
			else if @i =  4  exec To_Float @s, @mmass out
			else if @i =  5  exec To_Float @s, @mh out
			else if @i =  6  exec To_Float @s, @mdiam out
			else if @i =  7  exec To_Float @s, @malb out
			else if @i =  8  exec To_Float @s, @adiams out
			else if @i =  9  exec To_Float @s, @adiaml out
			else if @i = 10  set @tan = @s
			else if @i = 11  set @cat = @s
			else if @i = 12  exec To_Float @s, @rdiam out
			set @i += 1
		end
		-- extract name/lp
		if @name like '(%' begin
			set @i = charindex( @name, ' ' )
			set @name = substring( @name, @i+1, 200 )
		end
		-- update dwarf row
		update dwarf set
			diam_measured = isnull(@mdiam,diam_measured),
			mass = isnull(@mmass,mass),
			category = isnull(category,@cat)
		where lp = @name or name = @name
	end
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Brown_Likely' )
	drop function Brown_Likely
go
create function Brown_Likely ( @diam float )
	returns int
as begin
	return case
		when @diam >= 900 then 1
		when @diam >= 600 then 2
		when @diam >= 500 then 3
		when @diam >= 400 then 4
		when @diam >= 200 then 5
		when @diam > 0 then 6
		else 0
	end
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Dwarf_Info' )
	drop view Dwarf_Info
go
create view Dwarf_Info
as
	select
		lp, mpn, name, iau,
		-- orbital elements
		semi_major, perihelion, aphelion, eccentricity, inclination,
		longitude, arg_perihelion, mean_anomaly, epoch, category,
		-- well-determined physical properties
		abs_magnitude, diam_measured, diam_meas_hi, diam_meas_lo, mass, albedo_measured,
		-- figures as used by Brown
		diam_brown, albedo_brown, magnitude_brown, likely_brown, how_brown,
		dbo.Brown_Likely( diam_brown ) as n_likely_brown,
		-- Tancredi's recommendation
		tancredi,
		-- albedo estimated diameters
		diam_typical, diam_min, diam_big,
		isnull(diam_measured,isnull(diam_brown,diam_typical)) as diam_rank
	from (
		select
			lp, mpn, name, iau,
			-- orbital elements
			semi_major, perihelion, aphelion, eccentricity, inclination,
			longitude, arg_perihelion, mean_anomaly, epoch, category,
			-- well-determined physical properties
			isnull(abs_mag_other,abs_magnitude) as abs_magnitude, diam_measured, diam_meas_hi, diam_meas_lo, mass,
			case when diam_measured is null then null
				else round( 100 * square( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -isnull(abs_mag_other,abs_magnitude)/5 ) / diam_measured ), 0 )
			end as albedo_measured,
			-- figures as used by Brown
			diam_brown, albedo_brown, magnitude_brown, likely_brown, how_brown,
			-- Tancredi's recommendation
			tancredi,
			-- albedo estimated diameters
			round( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -isnull(abs_mag_other,abs_magnitude)/5 ) / sqrt(0.09), 0 ) as diam_typical,
			round( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -isnull(abs_mag_other,abs_magnitude)/5 ) / sqrt(1.00), 0 ) as diam_min,
			round( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -isnull(abs_mag_other,abs_magnitude)/5 ) / sqrt(0.04), 0 ) as diam_big
		from dwarf
	)_
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Brown_Colour' )
	drop function Brown_Colour
go
create function Brown_Colour ( @likely int, @how nvarchar(200) )
	returns nvarchar(50)
as begin
	declare @text nvarchar(50), @bg nvarchar(50)
	if @how like '%estimate%'
		set @text = 'color:#800;'
	else
		set @text = ''
	return case
		when @likely = 1 then 'style="background: #e0e0ff;'+@text+'"'
		when @likely = 2 then 'style="background: #e0ffff;'+@text+'"'
		when @likely = 3 then 'style="background: #d0ffd0;'+@text+'"'
		when @likely = 4 then 'style="background: #ffffd0;'+@text+'"'
		when @likely = 5 then 'style="background: #ffe0c0;'+@text+'"'
		when @likely = 6 then 'style="background: #ffe0e0;'+@text+'"'
		else ''
	end
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Guess_Category' )
	drop function Guess_Category
go
create function Guess_Category ( @lp nvarchar(50) )
	returns nvarchar(50)
as begin
	declare @cat nvarchar(50), @a float, @e float, @q float

	select @a = semi_major, @e = eccentricity, @q = perihelion from dwarf where lp = @lp

	if @a is null return null

	if @a between 2 and 4 return 'main belt'
	if @a < 5.04 return 'asteroid'
	if @a between 5.04 and 5.36 return 'jupiter trojan'
	if @a between 29.9 and 30.4 return 'neptune trojan'
	if @a between 5    and 31   return 'centaur'
	if @a between 38   and 40   return '2:3 resonant'
	if @a between 42.0 and 42.6 and @q < 40 return '3:5 resonant'
	if @a between 43.4 and 44.0 and @q < 40 return '4:7 resonant'
	if @a between 47.3 and 48.3 and @q < 40 return '1:2 resonant'
	if @a between 54.9 and 55.9 and @q < 40 return '2:5 resonant'
	if @a between 34 and 49 and @e < 0.24 return 'cubewano'
	if @q > 40 and @a > 49 return 'detached'
	if @a > 30 and @e > 0.24 return 'SDO'
	if @a > 30 return 'TNO'
	return null
end
go

/* if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'To_SortKey' )
	drop function To_SortKey
go
create function To_SortKey ( @lp nvarchar(50) )
	returns nvarchar(12)
	-- grâce à (66666) Cernunnos
as begin
	declare @year nvarchar(4), @letters nvarchar(4), @numbers nvarchar(4), @num int, @letter1 int, @letter2 int

	set @year = left(@lp,4)
	set @letters = substring(@lp,6,2)
	set @numbers = substring(@lp,8,4)

	set @num = cast( @numbers as int )
	set @numbers = right('0000' + cast(@num as nvarchar) , 4)

	set @letter1 = ascii( substring(@lp,6,1) ) - ascii('A')
	set @letter2 = ascii( substring(@lp,7,1) ) - ascii('A')

	set @letters =  right('00' + cast(@letter1 as nvarchar), 2) + right('00' + cast(@letter2 as nvarchar), 2)

	return  @year + @letters + @numbers
end
go */

if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Lp_SortKey' )
	drop function Lp_SortKey
go
create function Lp_SortKey ( @lp nvarchar(50) )
	returns nvarchar(12)
as begin
	declare @year nvarchar(6), @letters nvarchar(4), @numbers nvarchar(4), @num int, @letter1 int, @letter2 int

	set @year = '99' + left(@lp,4)
	set @letters = substring(@lp,6,2)
	set @numbers = substring(@lp,8,4)

	set @num = cast( @numbers as int )
	set @numbers = right('0000' + cast(@num as nvarchar) , 4)

	set @letter1 = ascii( substring(@lp,6,1) ) - ascii('A')
	set @letter2 = ascii( substring(@lp,7,1) ) - ascii('A')

	set @letters =  right('00' + cast(@letter1 as nvarchar), 2) + right('00' + cast(@letter2 as nvarchar), 2)

	return @year + @letters + @numbers
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Wiki_Table' )
	drop procedure Wiki_Table
go
create procedure Wiki_Table
	@min_diam float,
	@auto_cat bit = 0
as begin
	set nocount on
	declare @line nvarchar(max), @name nvarchar(200), @mpn int, @bmag float, @bdiam float, @balb float,
			@mag float, @diam float, @alb float, @mass float, @diam_min float, @diam_big float, @diam_typ float,
			@tan nvarchar(200), @cat nvarchar(200), @diam_rank float, @blike int, @lp nvarchar(20),
			@bhow nvarchar(200), @iau bit, @iau_chr nvarchar(5), @diam_hi float, @diam_lo float, @name_dsv nvarchar(20)

	-- header
	print '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"'
	print '|-'
	print '! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="number"| [[Minor planet designation|Designation]]'
	print '! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="number"| {{small|Best{{efn|name=best_diam|group=table}}}}<br/>{{small|diameter}}<br/>{{small|[[kilometre|km]]}}'
	print '! colspan="3"| Measured'
	print '! class="unsortable"| {{small|per<br/>measured}}'
	print '! colspan="3"| Per Brown{{refn|name=brown-list}}'
	print '! colspan="2"| Diameter<br/>{{small|per assumed albedo}}'
	print '! rowspan="2"| Result<br/>per Tancredi{{refn|name=tancredi-2010}}'
	print '! rowspan="2"| Category'
	print '|-'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Mass{{efn|name=system_mass|group=table}}<br/>{{small|([[Orders of magnitude (mass)|10<sup>18</sup>]]&nbsp;[[kilogram|kg]])}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| [[absolute magnitude|H]]'
	print '{{refn|name=mpc-tno}}{{refn|name=mpc-sdo}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Diameter<br/>{{small|([[kilometre|km]])}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Geometric<br/>albedo{{efn|name=albedo|group=table}}<br/>{{small|(%)}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| [[absolute magnitude|H]]<br/>'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Diameter{{efn|name=brown_albedo|group=table}}<br/>{{small|([[kilometre|km]])}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| [[Geometric albedo|Geometric<br/>albedo]]<br/>{{small|(%)}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Small<br/>{{small|albedo&#61;100%}}<br/>{{small|([[kilometre|km]])}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Large<br/>{{small|albedo&#61;4%}}<br/>{{small|([[kilometre|km]])}}'

	-- body
	declare c cursor local fast_forward for
		select
			lp, name, mpn, iau,
			magnitude_brown, diam_brown, albedo_brown, n_likely_brown, how_brown,
			abs_magnitude, diam_measured, diam_meas_hi, diam_meas_lo, albedo_measured, mass,
			diam_min, diam_big, diam_typical, diam_rank,
			tancredi, category
		from Dwarf_Info
		where diam_rank >= @min_diam
		order by diam_rank desc
	open c while 1=1 begin
		fetch c into @lp, @name, @mpn, @iau, @bmag, @bdiam, @balb, @blike, @bhow,
					@mag, @diam, @diam_hi, @diam_lo, @alb, @mass,
					@diam_min, @diam_big, @diam_typ, @diam_rank, @tan, @cat
		if @@fetch_status <> 0 begin close c deallocate c break end
		if @mpn > 0
			set @name_dsv = @mpn
		else
			set @name_dsv = dbo.Lp_SortKey(@lp)
		-- row start
		print '|-'
		-- name
		if @iau = 1
			set @iau_chr = ''''''''
		else
			set @iau_chr = ''
		set @line = '| style="text-align: left;" data-sort-value="' + @name_dsv + '" | ' + @iau_chr
		if @name is not null
			set @line += '{{dp|' + @name + '|' + cast(@mpn as nvarchar) + ' ' + @name + '}}'
		else if @mpn > 0
			set @line += '{{mpl|' + cast(@mpn as nvarchar) + '|' + left(@lp,7) + '|' + substring(@lp,8,4) + '}}'
		else
			set @line += '{{mpl|' + left(@lp,7) + '|' + substring(@lp,8,4) + '}}'
		set @line += @iau_chr
		-- best diam
		set @line += ' || ' + case when @diam_rank = @bdiam then 'style="color:#800" | ' + cast(@diam_rank as nvarchar)
									when @diam_rank = @diam_typ then 'style="color:#888" | ''''' + cast(@diam_rank as nvarchar) + ''''''
									else cast(@diam_rank as nvarchar) end
		-- measured mass
		set @line += ' || ' + isnull(cast(@mass as nvarchar),'')
		-- mpc H
		set @line += ' || {{val|' + cast(@mag as nvarchar) + '}}'
		-- measured diam
		set @line += ' || ' + dbo.Brown_Colour( dbo.Brown_Likely(isnull(@diam,0)), null )
					+ ' | '
						+ case when @diam is null then ''
							else '{{val|' + cast(@diam as nvarchar)
								+ case when @diam_hi is null then '' else '|'+cast(@diam_hi as nvarchar) end
								+ case when @diam_lo is null then '' else '|'+cast(@diam_lo as nvarchar) end
								+ '}}' end
		-- measured albedo
		set @line += ' || ' + isnull(cast(@alb as nvarchar),'')
		-- brown H
		if @bmag is null set @line += ' ||'
		else set @line += ' || {{val|' + cast(@bmag as nvarchar) + '}}'
		-- brown diam
		set @line += ' || ' + dbo.Brown_Colour(isnull(@blike,0),@bhow) + ' | ' + isnull(cast(@bdiam as nvarchar),'')
		-- brown albedo
		set @line += ' || ' + isnull(cast(@balb as nvarchar),'')
		-- small diam
		set @line += ' || ' + cast(@diam_min as nvarchar)
		-- big diam
		set @line += ' || ' + cast(@diam_big as nvarchar)
		-- tancredi
		set @line += ' || ' + case when @tan is null then '' else '{{small|' + isnull(@tan,'') + '}}' end
		-- category
		if @cat is null and @auto_cat = 1 set @cat = dbo.Guess_Category( @lp )
		set @line += ' || ' + isnull(@cat,'')
		print @line
	end

	-- footer
	print '|}'
	-- table notes
	print '{{notelist|group=table|refs='
	print '<ref name=albedo>'
	print 'The geometric [[Albedo#Astronomical albedo|albedo]] <math>A</math> is calculated from the measured absolute magnitude <math>H</math>'
	print 'and measured diameter <math>D</math> via the formula: <math>A =\left ( \frac{1329\times10^{-H/5}}{D} \right ) ^2</math>'
	print '</ref>'
	print '<ref name=best_diam>'
	print 'The measured diameter, else Brown''s estimated <span style="color:#800">diameter</span>, else the <span style="color:#888;font-style:italic">diameter</span> calculated from H using an assumed albedo of 9%.'
	print '</ref>'
	print '<ref name=brown_albedo>'
	print 'Diameters with the text in red indicate that Brown''s bot derived them from heuristically expected albedo.'
	print '</ref>'
	print '<ref name=system_mass>'
	print 'This is the total system mass (including moons), except for Pluto and Ceres.'
	print '</ref>'
	print '}}'
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Wiki_Brown_Legend' )
	drop procedure Wiki_Brown_Legend
go
create procedure Wiki_Brown_Legend
as begin
	set nocount on
	-- this is obsolete: the current table is handled manually
	declare @line nvarchar(max)
	print '{| class="wikitable"'
	print '! Brown''s categories'
	print '! Number of objects'
	-- numbers are for 2015-01, intended to be maintained on the page by hand
	print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(1,null) +'| near certainty || 10'  print @line
	print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(2,null) +'| highly likely || 22'   print @line
	print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(3,null) +'| likely || 44'          print @line
	print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(4,null) +'| probably || 75'        print @line
	print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(5,null) +'| possibly || 359'       print @line
	--print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(6,null) +'| probably not || 999'   print @line
	print '|-'
	print '!colspan=2 style="text-align: left; font-size: 0.92em; font-weight: normal; padding: 6px 2px 4px 4px;" |''''''Source'''''': [[Michael E. Brown|Mike Brown]], [[California Institute of Technology|Caltech]]<ref name="brown-list"/> as per January 20, 2015'
	print '|}'
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Wiki_Table_References' )
	drop procedure Wiki_Table_References
go
create procedure Wiki_Table_References
as begin
	set nocount on
	print '<ref name="brown-list">Mike Brown, [http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html ''''How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?'''']</ref>'
	print '<ref name="tancredi-2010">{{cite journal|date=2010|title=Physical and dynamical characteristics of icy "dwarf planets" (plutoids)|journal=Icy Bodies of the Solar System: Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 263, 2009|author=Tancredi, G.|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1743921310001717}}</ref>'
	print '<ref name="mpc-tno">{{cite web|title=List Of Trans-Neptunian Objects|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_tnos.html|website=Minor Planet Center}}</ref>'
	print '<ref name="mpc-sdo">{{cite web|title=List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_centaurs.html|website=Minor Planet Center}}</ref>'
	print '<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list">{{cite web|first=Wm. Robert|last=Johnston|title=List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects|url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html|work=Johnston''s Archive|date=24 May 2019|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref>'
end
go


--******************************************************************************
-- some utils to play with
--******************************************************************************

if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'U_diam_h_albedo' )
	drop function U_diam_h_albedo
go
create function U_diam_h_albedo ( @h float, @albedo float )
	returns float
as begin
	return round( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -@h/5 ) / sqrt(@albedo/100.0), 0 )
end
go

if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'U_albedo_h_diam' )
	drop function U_albedo_h_diam
go
create function U_albedo_h_diam ( @h float, @diam float )
	returns float
as begin
	return round( 100 * square( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -@h/5 ) / @diam ), 2 )
end
go

if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'U_h_diam_albedo' )
	drop function U_h_diam_albedo
go
create function U_h_diam_albedo ( @diam float, @albedo float )
	returns float
as begin
	return round( -5.0 * log10( @diam * sqrt(@albedo/100) /1329.0 ), 2 )
end
go

Table, "identified by IAU"

What does "identified by IAU" mean? The table and preceding section cites the 2022–2023 annual report as evidence that IAU identifies Quaoar as a dwarf planet. The report does mention Quaoar, and calls it a dwarf planet, but that's mainly because the paper it quotes does so in its title. Should this be seen as endorsement, or is it mainly a report of what the literature is doing? Is IAU expected to not report literature that disagrees with its definition, to avoid confusion? I'd much prefer a secondary source here, rather than the interpretation of Wikipedia editors! For 2015 RR245, we seem to care just as much about what others (in this case, the AGU) are claiming about IAU, rather than what IAU itself is saying about the matter. That's not "identification by IAU", in my opinion.

I only find the column "identified by IAU" useful as a reference for the "official" dwarf planet status. Right now, it's not that. Renerpho (talk) 13:36, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

Completely agree, although I could not find Quaoar being mentioned through a CTRL-F in either the 2022 or 2023 annual IAU report. From what I can tell the claim of Quaoar's IAU recognition is completely baseless. 74.72.127.66 (talk) 02:37, 16 May 2025 (UTC)

Quaoar

The article claims that Quaoar was accepted as a DP by the IAU in a 2022-2023 annual report. This is simply not the case and Quaoar as far as I can tell was not mentioned in either IAU annual report, let alone reclassified.

While Quaoar has gotten the most attention out of the major DP candidates due to the discovery of its ring system, it is still inaccurate to say that the IAU classifies it alongside Makemake, Haumea, etc. 74.72.127.66 (talk) 02:49, 16 May 2025 (UTC)

Quaoar was labelled as a dwarf planet in an IAU Working Group annual report in 2022, but the report's original link is down. Luckily it has been archived[1], and indeed we see Unexpected ring discovered around dwarf planet Quaoar.

I do agree that stating the IAU has "accepted" Quaoar as a DP is not accurate here, though. It's not a formal reclassification and appears to be quoting a headline. For now, I've edited the article to say that the IAU has "labelled" Quaoar as a DP in the report, rather than "stated"—the latter implies intent on the IAU's part that likely was not there. The particular wording may be subject to subsequent debate though. ArkHyena (they/any) 06:22, 16 May 2025 (UTC)

Compare my comment at Talk:List of possible dwarf planets#Table, "identified by IAU" from February 2024: Renerpho (talk) 08:36, 16 May 2025 (UTC)

What does "identified by IAU" mean? The table and preceding section cites the 2022–2023 annual report as evidence that IAU identifies Quaoar as a dwarf planet. The report does mention Quaoar, and calls it a dwarf planet, but that's mainly because the paper it quotes does so in its title. Should this be seen as endorsement, or is it mainly a report of what the literature is doing? Is IAU expected to not report literature that disagrees with its definition, to avoid confusion? I'd much prefer a secondary source here, rather than the interpretation of Wikipedia editors! For 2015 RR245, we seem to care just as much about what others (in this case, the AGU) are claiming about IAU, rather than what IAU itself is saying about the matter. That's not "identification by IAU", in my opinion.

I only find the column "identified by IAU" useful as a reference for the "official" dwarf planet status. Right now, it's not that. Renerpho (talk) 13:36, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

Yeah, I agree with removing the 2022-2023 report's use for the table, but given how contentious that table has been recently I'll let this topic bake for a few more days in case anyone wants to raise a different opinion. ArkHyena (they/any) 09:14, 16 May 2025 (UTC)

What is the point of the first table in the "Likeliest dwarf planets" section?

I don't understand the point of the first table in the "Likeliest dwarf planets" section. It looks like it's supposed to tell us which objects are explicitly called dwarf planets by certain researchers, but what confuses me is the inclusion of a seemingly random assortment objects with unmeasured or small diameters, like 2012 VP113 and 1996 TL66. What's the point of including these when they aren't commonly accepted as dwarf planets by any of the researchers mentioned in the table? The first table is completely redundant since the second table also lists diameter, albedo, and density. Should the first table be removed? Nrco0e (talk • contribs) 06:20, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

i think it was coherent when it was created. it's not redundant because the 2nd table doesn't include evaluations. maybe we could cut it off below varda and remove any objects that have not been analyzed as dp's. — kwami (talk) 09:16, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

I think the purpose of the first table was to include a sample of large TNOs that may be described as dwarf planets, as well as some smaller objects that were formerly thought to fall in the DP category, while the second table simply lists the largest TNOs above some cutoff. However, I think these tables have largely become redundant. This article used to have a "unified" table which simply listed every TNO on Mike Brown's list, which not only listed their sizes but also evaluations by Brown, Tancredi, etc. which sort of served as a less-polished combination of the two tables we have right now. I wouldn't be opposed to bringing this table back but limiting the list to objects 600 km or larger, and also including high-H objects with some assumed albedo. Ardenau4 (talk) 22:32, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

i merged the data over to the 2nd table. didn't bother width the iau, as that's not an actual evaluation. for grundy, just copied over questionable and negative, as that was the evaluation. if this is acceptable, we can probably delete the 1st table. — kwami (talk) 02:09, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

I'm fine with that. It takes up less vertical space in the article, which I prefer. Nrco0e (talk • contribs) 02:26, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

okay, merged -- pls adjust or revert if this doesn't work — kwami (talk) 09:28, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

2017 OF201

It's strange that 2017 OF201's missing, considering it's 700 km in diameter according to it's wikipedia page. It should at least be in the largest measured candidates. I don't know how to add extra sections in tables, so can someone add it? Interstellar Tomas (talk) 12:00, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

It is in the table of brightest unmeasured candidates – the issue is precisely that its diameter has not yet been directly measured. 700 km is an estimation from its brightness. Double sharp (talk) 12:36, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

Quaoar IAU "dwarf planet"

@Kwamikagami: Not sure if this is worth adding, but I figured this might be of interest to you. The IAU WGSBN has approved two asteroid name citations (written by people not affiliated with the IAU) that call Quaoar a dwarf planet:

• https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?utf8=%E2%9C%93&object_id=54402
• https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?utf8=%E2%9C%93&object_id=54403

Nrco0e (talk • contribs) 22:59, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

@Double sharp: in case you're still collecting references that call non-iau dwarfs 'dwarfs'. — kwami (talk) 02:35, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

Thanks! Added to my list. Double sharp (talk) 08:00, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

thanks. we can add that to the quaoar article.

do you have access to Pinilla-Alonso et al. (2024)?

Emery et al. do not specify which 'smaller KBOs' they conclude are not dwarfs [e.g. is orcus in the list?], but they do say 'None of the smaller KBOs in Pinilla-Alonso et al. (2024) show prevalence of ethane in the spectra of the three objects reported here', which is how they're making that determination. if you could look up which objects on our table are in Pinilla-Alonso et al., we could mark them as not being dwarfs per Emery et al. — kwami (talk) 23:23, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

Yeah, I have access to the article. Can you access it via WP:Wikipedia Library?

Anyways, I don't see see how merely having ethane (C2H6) is a reliable discriminant between dwarfs and non-dwarfs. It's just a generic hydrocarbon. Pinilla-Alonso do not talk about ethane extensively, nor do they present spectra any of the dwarf planets and candidates. Though not relevant to dwarf planets, then mention "JWST observations of active Centaurs, small bodies with an origin in the trans-Neptunian belt, have succeeded in detecting the gas and solid phases of a diverse collection of volatile ices, such as CO2, CH4, CO, H2O2, C2H6 [ethane], OCS and CO3." Nrco0e (talk • contribs) 23:34, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

actually, i found a preprint online.

maybe i should read Emery et al. closer. it sounded like this was the distinction they were making; one of the authors overlaps between the papers, and i thought they concluded that 'smaller kbos' were not dps based on Pinilla-Alonso. several of those smaller bodies appear in our table. i just added x's to them.

if we don't mark the bodies that don't fit their criteria with red x's, are we justified in marking the ones that do with green checks? — kwami (talk) 01:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

In addition to 54402 and 54403, there's also the interesting https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?utf8=✓&object_id=12641, named in 2014[2] and referring to a work from 2008 (before the naming of Makemake and Haumea).[3] I wouldn't take the approval of the name by the IAU as evidence for or against them approving of Ixion, Sedna, Orcus, and Quaoar being referred to as "dwarf planets". Not for a name approved in 2014, and not in 2025. Renerpho (talk) 05:30, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

i presume that it's John Broughton who requested the names for 54402 and 54403, and thus Broughton who considers quaoar to be a dwarf. nothing to do with the iau. — kwami (talk) 07:00, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

Yes, although the IAU (or, more precisely, one of its working groups) had to approve the names of those asteroids. That only proves that some members of the IAU are not vehemently opposed to the idea that these objects might be called "dwarf planets". That means... something, but not much. Renerpho (talk) 07:37, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

Double sharp and i were interested in citing astronomers who called objects dwarfs back when people were insisting that only the 5 named by the iau were dwarfs, and thus that wp had to restrict the term to those 5. that hasn't been an issue for a while. it's still interesting to see how the term is used, though. i mean, if mercury is a planet despite not meeting the iau definition of a planet, what are these official declarations actually doing. i think stern's def is probably still the best -- if it looks like a world, then it's a [dwarf] planet. — kwami (talk) 07:47, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

I wouldn't take naming citations as evidence for a specific astronomer using the term, because you don't know who actually wrote them. Renerpho (talk) 09:41, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

fair enough — kwami (talk) 10:17, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

2003 UZ413

Should 2003 UZ413 be included here? It has a high estimated density and diameter, so I don't see why it shouldn't. LobedHomunculus (talk) 22:26, 26 December 2025 (UTC)

@LobedHomunculus: 2003 UZ413's high density estimate is conditional on the assumption that it is a Jacobi ellipsoid (and therefore a dwarf planet in hydrostatic equilibrium), which is made unlikely by the fact that it requires such a peculiar density. However, the possibility is mentioned in Farkas-Takács et al. (2020), so I guess it belongs on the list? @Nrco0e and Kwamikagami: I'd be interested to hear your opinions. Renerpho (talk) 17:02, 27 December 2025 (UTC)

Good to know LobedHomunculus (talk) 17:44, 27 December 2025 (UTC)

It seems odd to list something as a candidate DP just because we can calculate what its properties would be if it were a DP. But if we have a RS that concludes that it's likely to be a DP, we can include it based on that. — kwami (talk) 21:49, 27 December 2025 (UTC)

@Kwamikagami: Yes, but the article isn't called "list of likely dwarf planets". But if we have a RS that concludes that it's likely to be a DP, we can include it based on that. -- I'd argue we have the opposite of that. Farkas-Takács et al.'s conclusion that an anomalously high density would be required makes it unlikely to be a dwarf planet. But we have a RS that discusses the possibility... A bit of a strange situation that a RS that says "this is unlikely to be a DP" can be used for a claim that it could be one. Renerpho (talk) 20:10, 28 December 2025 (UTC)

So are we going to put it in the list? My planet is Homlos (talk) 07:48, 2 January 2026 (UTC)

Opinion appears to be against it. — kwami (talk) 09:14, 2 January 2026 (UTC)

I'm with Kwami here; it would seem strange to put it on the list. If I published a paper that says that the Moon is unlikely to be made of cheese (but that we don't have enough data to rule out the possibility), that's no reason to put the Moon on a list of things that are possibly made of cheese. Renerpho (talk) 11:20, 2 January 2026 (UTC)

ok then I'm not going to do that My planet is Homlos (talk) 13:25, 2 January 2026 (UTC)

Probably not. LobedHomunculus (talk) 13:07, 2 January 2026 (UTC)

Grundy et al

Guys I'm getting confused, in the article in Grundy et al section it says TNOs with densities lower than 1.4 g/cm³ and albedos lower than 0.2 are unlikely to be differentiated and very porous but in other articles like G!! kún||'hòmdímà and Varda 's all said 1.2 g/cm³, I've no problem with the Albedo but I have problems with the density, it's 1.2 or 1.4 g/cm³? And I checked the G! kún 'hòmdímà journal and Grundy didn't say those limits My planet is Homlos (talk) 03:18, 1 January 2026 (UTC)

You're right, Grundy et al. doesn't specifically give those (or any other) limits. @Kwamikagami: Do you know where those numbers come from? See this edit from 23 December 2018, and this edit to 174567 Varda from 9 April 2019.

The number "< ≈0.2" was added by Kwami in this edit on 23 December 2018. I am also tagging Ayush pushpkar, who later added the numbers "< 1000km" and "< 1.4g/ml" on 17 January 2020, from which the current version descends (although a response may be unlikely considering they have only made a few edits, all in 2019-2020).

The current version came to be after further edits by AlanM1 on 20 March 2020, and by Nrco0e on 29 November 2022. Both of those were "technical edits", and I don't expect that either of them would have fact-checked the content they were editing. Renerpho (talk) 05:22, 1 January 2026 (UTC)

I now see that both Kwami and Nrco0e have had encounters with Ayush pushpkar (compare Special:Diff/960518806 and Special:Diff/960518860, where Ayush pushpkar removed warnings from their user talk page). In light of that, I think it's fair to assume that the numbers "1000 km" and "1.4 g/cm³" are unreliable and should be removed entirely. Thoughts? I'd argue that Kwami's density limit (≈0.2) is unreferenced as well, as that number never appears in Grundy et al.; but maybe it can be saved by adding another reference. Whether that's also true for the density limit that Kwami added to the Varda article (≈1.2 g/cm³) is another matter, since that number doesn't appear in the source either. Renerpho (talk) 05:37, 1 January 2026 (UTC)

AFAIK, the numbers did originally come from Grundy or his colleagues, but if they're not directly referenced I don't know from which papers. That paper speaks of transitional objects in the range of 400 to 1,000 km; the density was evidently from elsewhere. @Double sharp: do you remember where they came from? — kwami (talk) 08:36, 1 January 2026 (UTC)

@Kwamikagami: Unfortunately not. I tried looking at the other Grundy paper on trans-Neptunian binaries (doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.035), and the density limit isn't there either. It might be extrapolation from this passage in the Gǃkúnǁ’hòmdímà paper: Orcus and Charon probably melted and differentiated, considering their higher densities and spectra indicating surfaces made of relatively clean H₂O ice. But the lower albedos and densities of Gǃkúnǁ’hòmdímà, 55637, Varda, and Salacia suggest that they never did differentiate, or if they did, it was only in their deep interiors, not a complete melting and overturning that involved the surface. It might have come from looking at the densities and albedos given in the Grundy paper on Gǃkúnǁ’hòmdímà and then extrapolating that Grundy et al. would've likewise argued the same way for objects whose albedos and densities are more within the Gǃkúnǁ’hòmdímà-Uni-Varda-Salacia range (or even lower) than the Orcus-Charon range. But that's just a guess on my part. Double sharp (talk) 14:43, 1 January 2026 (UTC)

extrapolating that Grundy et al. would've likewise argued -- that would make it WP:OR; WP:SYNTH in the best case. I think those numbers need to go from the Wikipedia articles. Grundy et al. avoided being specific. If they had thought that giving concrete numbers was justified, they probably would have done so. Renerpho (talk) 16:14, 1 January 2026 (UTC)

Indeed. I remember seeing these numbers in sources, back when we first made these edits. But if we can't find those sources, we can't know that I'm not misremembering them just because I've seen and used them for so long.

We do however has the transitional range of 400-1,000 km. Anything above that is presumably at least fully compressed per Grundy et al., unless we have something more recent. — kwami (talk) 20:40, 1 January 2026 (UTC)

so that means it's fine to put these numbers in the Wikipedia article, but 1.4 g/cm³ or 1.2 g/cm³, but there's a problem It says it's 1.4 in list of possible dwarf planets but 1.2 in Varda and G! kún 'hòmdímà 's Do we need to use only one density value for all TNOs's articles? My planet is Homlos (talk) 07:45, 2 January 2026 (UTC)

If we can't verify them we can't use either. Maybe we could ask Grundy if he's ever said such a thing. — kwami (talk) 09:12, 2 January 2026 (UTC)

To be clear, we need that in writing -- that is, we need a paper where he said this. An email, or his word that he gave those numbers in a talk somewhere, aren't enough. If Grundy himself can help you locate the reliable source we need, go ahead!

@My planet is Homlos: Right now, the most likely outcome is that all explicit numbers (1.4 g/cm³, 1.2 g/cm³, albedo 0.2) will be removed from both the list and the individual articles that mention them in relation to Grundy's paper, as all those numbers are without a source. Renerpho (talk) 11:28, 2 January 2026 (UTC)

I have removed the problematic numbers from this article, as well as from 174567 Varda and 229762 Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà (diff 1, diff 2, diff 3), until a source is located that traces them back to Grundy and his colleagues. Renerpho (talk) 18:53, 11 January 2026 (UTC)

thanks 🙏 My planet is Homlos (talk) 23:36, 11 January 2026 (UTC)

Yes, my edits were entirely technical/typographical and I made no changes to any values or sources. —[AlanM1 (talk)]— 00:00, 2 January 2026 (UTC)

I just realized in the list part I don't know where "less dense than 1.5 g/cm³ so if the data is correct then they can't be Dwarf Planets" comes from, is it the same problem just different numbers My planet is Homlos (talk) 08:40, 3 March 2026 (UTC)

Guys 1.5 g/cm³ really seems a bit too strict My planet is Homlos (talk) 11:31, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

A more recent version of the diameter vs density graph is available in Stellar Occultation Observations of (38628) Huya and Its Satellite, PSL 6:48, 2025 February. I'll check if he includes any numerical limits.

Grundy says he prefers a mass vs density graph to diameter vs density because it shows a more extended transition region. Most of those are in talks, though, which aren't always accessible, but he's looking for examples. — kwami (talk) 01:02, 13 January 2026 (UTC)

(I can upload a mass-vs-density graph to Commons; I'd ask regardless but don't think copyright would be an issue.) — kwami (talk) 01:57, 13 January 2026 (UTC)

@Kwamikagami: Thanks! For reference, the graph is on page 3 of [4]. That image comes with a CC-BY-SA license (see the note on page 2). If you can also upload a mass-vs-density graph that's not copyrighted, that could be interesting! Renerpho (talk) 02:59, 13 January 2026 (UTC)

Still haven't heard back. I don't want to pester him, and it shouldn't be difficult to create a graph ourselves, since it doesn't have the curved error bars that the diameter-vs-density graph does. — kwami (talk) 08:48, 3 March 2026 (UTC)

Proposals of changes of "measured" objects

Hello Dear Wikipedians.

I have 1 question: should (612533) 2002 XV93 and 471143 Dziewanna be added to "measured objects"? I think yes - because they are included in some lists (but 2002 XV93 as "dark gray" - not likely - due to low albedo and medium size; Dziewanna could be either light or dark grey). Also - 78799 Xewioso should be dark grey on table with measured objects due to very low albedo and medium size (smaller than e.g. 90568 Goibniu that is still in "dark gray" but is larger, has similar albedo, and its density is NOT known)? V382 Carinae (talk) 18:46, 16 January 2026 (UTC)

This sounds good My planet is Homlos (talk) 13:44, 17 January 2026 (UTC)

Thanks for opinion - I will do this now V382 Carinae (talk) 15:05, 17 January 2026 (UTC)

I think you should have waited for more people to respond to your proposal before making any changes. Thirtyfourninety (talk) 18:32, 17 January 2026 (UTC)

This. @V382 Carinae: Please revert your changes. It's too early as you only have gotten one opinion. About your proposed changes, I prefer not including objects with upper limit diameters below 600 km, because that mean you'll also have to include 2003 VS2, 2002 TC302, 2005 QU182, and so on. The 600 km cutoff is there for a reason. Nrco0e (talk • contribs) 18:35, 17 January 2026 (UTC)

So maybe should I also remove Xewioso due to its similar diameter to 2002 XV93 and some measurements of Dziewanna? Or only the 2 that I added? V382 Carinae (talk) 19:46, 17 January 2026 (UTC)

Just removed 2002 XV93 and Dziewanna - I apologize for the confusion (basically, I didn't noticed this 600-km border) V382 Carinae (talk) 20:05, 17 January 2026 (UTC)

Just because the two objects you tried to add could not be included in the list does not mean that other objects should also be removed. Thirtyfourninety (talk) 20:14, 17 January 2026 (UTC)

Xewioso is 600 km to within one sigma. Reasonably likely to kept as 600+ once more precise measurements are made. We don't say this, but it would seem reasonable to apply a 1-sig cutoff to this table as we do to the navbox [though there it's 700 km]. (Also, although this is not a scientific reason, it's nice to include all the large TNOs that the IAU thought worth naming last year.) — kwami (talk) 22:22, 17 January 2026 (UTC)

2005 QU₁₈₂ (cited above) also is within one sigma of 600 km. The fact that it wasn't named (but Xewioso was) makes me come up with the completely unverified speculation that the IAU WGSBN took cues from this list on which objects to name. ~2026-14681-37 (talk) 17:59, 7 March 2026 (UTC)

So, if we had updated that (and this) article sooner, it might've been named as well? SOB. :) — kwami (talk) 20:23, 7 March 2026 (UTC)

I am very uncomfortable with this (possibly true) speculation. It muddies the waters. We cannot, even implicitly, base inclusion in this list on something that is itself based on inclusion in this list! This makes me lean towards removing objects, by raising the bar for inclusion, rather than adding them. Including named ones. Why do we have a 600 km threshold here but a 700 km threshold elsewhere? Renerpho (talk) 09:13, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

It's idle speculation. It didn't inform our criteria for inclusion. — kwami (talk) 09:20, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

We made the other stricter to make it shorter. It had been a bit long for a nav box. — kwami (talk) 09:22, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

@Kwamikagami: I suggest that we make this one shorter as well. I think it'd be nice to have a consistent threshold. Including objects that are conceivably above 700 km per the error bars seems fine though. Renerpho (talk) 09:51, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

The navbar has criteria that exclude some objects which are in this list (those with sizes between 600 and 700 km), but includes others that are not (those with H brighter than 4.0). For this reason, Dziewanna is included in the navbar (H=3.8-3.9), even though its measured size is considerably below even the 600 km threshold. I'm not sure if that's a good situation. Renerpho (talk) 09:58, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

We can certainly revisit our criteria. If bodies aren't even solid until ca. 900km, then the only way these would be likely candidates is if they're gross underestimates, or if they've had dynamic thermal histories. Good chance that whatever we decide to go by, events will prove us wrong. I wouldn't be unhappy with something like estimate + 2 sig > 800 km. Even then, most may prove not to be DPs or even former DPs. — kwami (talk) 10:06, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

I'd be on board with Kwami's "μ+2σ>800 km" threshold, but hearing additional feedback would be nice. @Thirtyfourninety, Nrco0e, V382 Carinae, and My planet is Homlos: I am tagging you again in case you want to chime in. Renerpho (talk) 10:22, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

can anyone explain to me why we always lean towards Grundy over Mike Brown, isn't Wikipedia supposed to have a neutral point of view My planet is Homlos (talk) 10:23, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

@My planet is Homlos: As far as I know, Brown has never published a peer-reviewed paper about his dwarf planet census, the inclusion criteria, and where his data comes from. Grundy and Emery have. Brown's list [5] is not only outdated (he doesn't ever update those numbers), but it's based on little more than his personal opinion (indicated by the fact that he lists Eris as larger than Pluto -- by 1 km). His opinion counts something, given who he is, but it's no basis for a neutrally written list. Renerpho (talk) 10:32, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

Mike Brown hasn't done anything for over a decade. He was a pioneer, but the field has moved on.

AFAICT Grundy et al. are mainstream. If you know of any RS's that dispute their conclusions, by all means we should take them into account. — kwami (talk) 10:32, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

I don't know... But I suggest 650–700 km as the baseline, maybe 2 sig >700 km ? (even though objects like 2003 UZ413 (density 2.64 g/cm³) and 2014 EZ51 though doesn't have an estimated density I calculated a high 2.15 g/cm³ when assuming it's a stable Jacobi ellipsoid have potential) That way Ixion would still be there and other objects like Achlys Varda or Goibniu won't be kicked out, (actually I don't really understand sigmas because my school hasn't taught me that yet), so I suggest 2 sig >700 km. But I don't know if it breaks the rules of Wikipedia for sharing my own opinion that once it hits 700 km TNOs starts to overcome porosity. My planet is Homlos (talk) 10:51, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

2003 UZ413's density (2.64 g/cm³) is bogus. Calling that an estimate is misrepresenting what the source is saying -- which is that, in order for that object to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, it would need to have an absurdly high density. That's not an estimate, it's an argument for it to be too small. Renerpho (talk) 11:14, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

this proves 2014 EZ51 is way too small too My planet is Homlos (talk) 11:19, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

@My planet is Homlos: "sigma" is just a fancy way to describe the uncertainty estimate. When we have a size of 650±25 then sigma is 25, and it's within 2 sigma of 700 because $650+2\cdot 25=700$. Renerpho (talk) 11:18, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

Oh like the Pluto situation 2376.6±(1.6/3.2) My planet is Homlos (talk) 11:20, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

Yes! :) Renerpho (talk) 12:10, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

For standard measures, when a source says 650±25, they mean that they estimate that there's a 2/3 chance that the true size is in that range (625–675), and a 95% chance that it's within twice that range (600–700). Assuming that all their assumptions and calculations are correct, of course, which often they aren't.

When two sources give different numbers, but those numbers overlap in their uncertainty ranges, we take them as being in agreement. — kwami (talk) 00:38, 9 March 2026 (UTC)

ohhh I always thought it's guaranteed 600–700 km My planet is Homlos (talk) 01:16, 9 March 2026 (UTC)

No, it's more like the average scores of an entrance exam. If the average score is reported as 50±10%, then -- assuming a normal distribution (a bell curve), 2/3 of students scored 40–60% (within one "sigma"), 95% scored 30–70% (two sigma), and 99.7% scored 20–80% (three sigma). (Ignoring the complication that 100% have to have scored between 0 and 100%.)

I don't think it makes much sense to speak of 3-sigma certainty for the sizes of TNOs, because there's a non-trivial chance that there's some interference or complication that the authors miscalculated or failed to take into account. That is, I doubt there's much chance that the estimate is all that accurate, so us saying that there's a 99.7% chance that (in Renerpho's example) the body has a diameter of between 575 and 725 km is probably unwarranted. But if the estimates are accurate, and the models that the calculations were based on are correct, and all complications and errors have been accounted for, then on average 99.7% of TNOs will prove to have diameters within 3 sigma of their estimated values. — kwami (talk) 01:59, 9 March 2026 (UTC)

Yes. Using 2-sigma is pushing it; using 3-sigma is disingenuous (in this context). Renerpho (talk) 02:17, 9 March 2026 (UTC)

Ok actually I'm going to leave this discussion to the other people you tagged, I'm really bad at discussing these things Im out My planet is Homlos (talk) 02:23, 9 March 2026 (UTC)

I didn't mean using 3 sigma My planet is Homlos (talk) 03:23, 9 March 2026 (UTC)

I know you weren't. I was just heading off the suggestion that that might be something we'd want to do.

If Renerpho is uncomfortable with even 2 sigma, I'd be okay with just one. Some objects have very high uncertainties, and if we went to 2 sigma we might end up with a disproportionate number of them on the list. — kwami (talk) 03:27, 9 March 2026 (UTC)

Oops sorry I messed up that My planet is Homlos (talk) 23:07, 17 January 2026 (UTC)

The LCDB now gives an even larger diameter for Dziewanna of 862 km, and occultation gives a cord of 500 km. Should we include it after all?

But then 2005 QU182 has a LCDB estimate of 976 km, and 2002 XV93 is 586. If these are credible, should we use LCDB data as a default reference in our articles? — kwami (talk) 20:27, 7 March 2026 (UTC)

@Renerpho and Nrco0e: Should we take the LCDB at MinorPlanet.info as a RS? It's sometimes an outlier compared to e.g. DPs are Cool. Dziewanna shows that they're updating at least some of their numbers. If we do, we should probably add it to a lot more articles. — kwami (talk) 20:50, 7 March 2026 (UTC)

LCDB is a good reference, it's just not updated very often (the current version is from 2023). Its advantage is that it collects many available references in one place, evaluates and summarizes them. JPL is using it, but only its summary rather than the full thing. In this sense, LCDB is considerably better than JPL for anything light curve related. If a newer reference exists that isn't included in LCDB, we can use that as well, of course. LCDB's disadvantage is probably that it doesn't specialize in, well, "special" objects (like TNOs). Its strength lies in information about average MBAs. Renerpho (talk) 08:56, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

LCDB isn't complete, even for sources published before October 2023. For instance, it doesn't include Ďurech&Hanuš's "Reconstruction of asteroid spin states

from Gaia DR3 photometry", published in A&A in July 2023 (https://astro.troja.mff.cuni.cz/projects/damit/asteroid_models), which has rotation periods for hundreds of objects for which LCDB, and thus JPL, are silent (see MPBulletin 52-3, page 26, vs. JPL, for an example). Renerpho (talk) 09:07, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

Do you think we should add objects to this list if the LCDB gives their diameter as >600km and the others don't? — kwami (talk) 09:17, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

Look at what it says, and read the manual. For 471143 Dziewanna, LCDB includes only one reference (Benecchi 2013), which doesn't give a size. LCDB's summary gives a diameter of 862.11 km based on an assumed albedo of 0.057. Our Wikipedia article for 471143 Dziewanna doesn't reflect that, especially that the size is based on an assumed dark albedo (the flag "C" means "Calculated from albedo and H", see [6] §4.1.4.7, and the flag "A" for the albedo means "assumed" per §4.1.4.10). We can include that in the Wikipedia article, but not without the flags. Renerpho (talk) 09:28, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

Crucially, LCDB doesn't reference the 2012 "TNOs are cool" paper at all, which I think should get priority here because it contradicts the LCDB's assumption: Dziewanna's albedo is 0.25+0.02
−0.05, not 0.057. The 2019 single-chord occultation gives a lower bound that agrees with this, within the error bars. Unfortunately it remains unpublished, as far as I can tell (as do the results of other occultations observed of the same object, from 2018, 2023 and 2024). Renerpho (talk) 09:31, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

@Kwamikagami: The problem with the occultation chord in that case is that we don't know its quality, and no error bars are given on the Lucky Star Project's website. Is 504 km the measured length of the chord (which would have error bars in either direction), or is it the absolute minimum possible length seen? We don't know. For this reason, I would not make the claim that the 2019 occultation yielded a single-chord diameter of 504 km, as is currently said in the article. That's not what the source is saying. Rather, the occultation indicated a minimum diameter of 504 km, based on a single chord. Renerpho (talk) 09:46, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

Changed the wording in the Dziewanna article. — kwami (talk) 10:46, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

Thanks kwami. I made some further changes. Hopefully this makes it clearer how our readers should interpret those numbers. Renerpho (talk) 11:20, 8 March 2026 (UTC)