Papers by Caroline Bruzelius
Field Note: New Observations on the Restoration of Notre-Dame in Paris
Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 2023
Access by scholars during the restoration is stimulating new information on its construction and ... more Access by scholars during the restoration is stimulating new information on its construction and building materials. In the weeks after the fire of April 15, 2019, research teams were formed to study the material aspects of the cathedral: wood, glass, metal, stone and mortar, as well as structure and decoration. Their preliminary findings are changing our understanding of the construction process and materials of this Early Gothic building. This article focuses on how the use of iron clamps permitted the transformation of the design from the original chevet elevation of c. 1160 to the radical and innovative structure of the nave between c. 1170 and 1200.
Review: <i>The Invention of Norman Visual Culture: Art, Politics, and Dynastic Ambition</i>
Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Jun 1, 2021
Medieval Naples: An Architectural & Urban History, 400-1400
The 13Th-Century Church at St-Denis
An academic directory and search engine.
<i>Manfredi committente. Fonti e opere</i>
Journal of the British Archaeological Association, Sep 5, 2022
Monuments and methods in the age of digital technology : a case study and its implications
Monuments and methods in the age of digital technology : a case study and its implications, 2020
This essay proposes a new method of analysis and data sharing for the study of historical monumen... more This essay proposes a new method of analysis and data sharing for the study of historical monuments. Our approach proceeds from the outset as an interdisciplinary collaboration to define and adopt appropriate data gathering technologies, followed by the creation of 3D models as virtual laboratories to test hypotheses. We conclude with a description of an open access and interoperable database that will make our research findings available to the public. In short, we describe a research method that begins with an historical question that invites the integration of a range of technologies as an answer: a georadar survey, three-dimensional digitization (laser and photogrammetry), parametric modeling, and systems for the immersive use of data and augmented reality.2 The research initiative engaged a full and democratic collaboration of experts from a variety of disciplines; no single individual would have been able to achieve results without the close conceptual partnership with colleagues in various fields of expertise. Our essay aims to describe the following: • a historical question conceived and executed by an interdisciplinary team • the use of 3D modeling as an iterative process and form of intellectual reasoning that was an integral part of the research • a relational data collection system that is user-friendly, open access, negotiable, and available for data mining • a datasharing platform that amplifies the utility of research findings • a semiotics of the historical datapoints that include the development of 3D models as an experimental laboratory and as an historical argument.
Prints in the Dickinson Collection: December, 1977
The Dead Come to Town: Preaching, Burying, and Building in the Mendicant Orders
The Year 1300 and the Creation of a new European Architecture, 2008
... led to the creation of new types of urban ceme-teries, of which some examples are the Campo S... more ... led to the creation of new types of urban ceme-teries, of which some examples are the Campo Santo in Pisa, the now-destroyed cathedral cemetery and the cemetery of Santa Caterina (adjacent to San Frediano) in Lucca, and the Chiostro del Paradiso in Amalfi, all instances of ...
The Buildings
Brepols Publishers eBooks, 2005
Capet family
Oxford Art Online, 2003
Walls and Memory: The Abbey of San Sebastiano at Alatri (Lazio), from Late Roman Monastery to Renaissance Villa and Beyond, 2005
The Medieval Kingdom of Sicily Image Database: a Presentation to the EODIAH of U.T. Dallas
A presentation with my colleague and C0-PI, Prof. Paola Vitolo, of the Medieval Kingdom of Sicily... more A presentation with my colleague and C0-PI, Prof. Paola Vitolo, of the Medieval Kingdom of Sicily Image Database: an overview of themes, questions, and the rationale for the project
The Art Bulletin, 1987
The chronology of construction at Notre-Dame in Paris has not been reconsidered since Marcel Aube... more The chronology of construction at Notre-Dame in Paris has not been reconsidered since Marcel Aubert's monograph published early in this century. As the result of systematic measurements taken throughout the monument (including the upper levels of the interior), a revision of Aubert's building sequence is now possible. In particular, there is substantial evidence that the choir elevation was modified during construction; this modification probably included the addition of flying buttresses. The nave was begun while construction of the choir was still at the level of the tribunes, and the nave structure was designed from the outset in relation to the flying buttress. The upper levels of the north side of the nave were constructed before those on the south. Changes in moldings and other details in combination with larger modifications of the elevation permit the identification of five master masons between the inception of the work in ca. 1160 and the completion of the main body of the cathedral in ca. 1245. The Cathedral of Paris is a monument of exceptional historic and artistic importance. Its vast scale reflects the dramatic growth of Paris in the twelfth century and the city's emergence not only as the major commercial and intellectual center north of the Alps, but also as the chief residence and administrative center of the kings of France.1 Located on the east end of the Ile-de-la-Cite, the cathedral faced the royal palace across the island, and had a long and intimate association with the royal family.2 The king and bishop shared jurisdiction over the city; their dual authority found metaphorical reflection in their separate but equal zones at either end of the island. To its historical position must be added the importance of the cathedral in the history of Gothic architecture. Taller, longer, and wider than any Gothic church before it, Notre-Dame incorporated numerous technical and structural advances (Figs. 1 and 2). There we find the earliest example of the gigantism that was to become characteristic of Gothic architecture in the following generation of cathedrals. The four-story elevation with oculi in the third story was unique at the time of its design. In addition, the flying buttresses of the nave of Notre-Dame have been considered the first in Gothic architecture, the result of the utilization of thinwall construction, which necessitated additional exterior support.3 Yet, with the exception of Marcel Aubert's monograph published in several editions early in this century, and a series of specialized studies that have concentrated variously on the sculptural decoration, the additions and modifications of the thirteenth century, and the flying but-Research for this project was begun in 1983 with a grant from the American Council of Learned Societies, and continued during the summer of 1984 with a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities. The Research Council of Duke University supported several short trips to Paris to work on the scaffolding erected for the cleaning of the interior. I would like to thank Bernard Fonquernie, architecte en chef des monuments historiques, and the staff at Notre-Dame for their kind assistance in giving me access to the scaffolding and to the upper stories of the cathedral. Research for this project has greatly benefited by discussions with William W. Clark, to whom I am also very grateful for several photographs and molding profiles. Special thanks are due Warren Wilson, who executed Figs. 15 and 31. In addition, I would like to thank Peter Fergusson, Edson Armi, Stephen Murray, and Kathryn Horste for reading drafts of the article; Dominique Vermand for sharing his work on the Cathedral of Senlis prior to publication; and Douglas Runt&, now a Duke graduate, for working long and patiently as my assistant taking measurements. This article is dedicated to
The Burlington Magazine, 2022
arrangement and strictly contemporary evidence for its cultic function; or to chart changes in fo... more arrangement and strictly contemporary evidence for its cultic function; or to chart changes in form and function over time. The most important contribution that can be made at present for furthering the study of crypts is the careful analysis of individual monuments as to their form and their function. The present volume is an exemplary study along these lines and deserves to be on the shelves of everyone seriously interested in medieval architecture and liturgy. It is reasonably priced, intelligently laid out, beautifully produced and a joy to use.
Lo spazio del sacro nell'Italia medievale, 2022
Lo spazio delle donne nelle chiese medievali Fabio Massaccesi Quel che rimane del tramezzo di San... more Lo spazio delle donne nelle chiese medievali Fabio Massaccesi Quel che rimane del tramezzo di San Vittore a Bologna e alcune prime considerazioni sullo "spazio sacro" dei canonici regolari Fabrizio Lollini Ciascuno al suo posto Sezione III Lo spazio degli ordini mendicanti Caroline Bruzelius Place and Space in Mendicant Architectural Culture Daniele Benati Decorazione pittorica e liturgia in Sant'Agostino a Rimini Andrea Pala La chiesa di Santa Chiara a Oristano: architettura e decorazioni del XIV secolo Giovanni Giura Lo spazio oltre l'altare. Il patronato laicale sulla cappella maggiore nelle chiese francescane toscane * This article summarizes a series of observations in C. Bruzelius, Preaching, Building and Burying.
The Fire This Time. April 15, 2019 at Notre-Dame in Paris
Antiquité/Moyen Âge
Antiquité Offrir, vénérer, bâtir, conserver... de l'Acropole à l'Asie Mineure, l'arch... more Antiquité Offrir, vénérer, bâtir, conserver... de l'Acropole à l'Asie Mineure, l'archéologie et l'histoire de l'art antique éclairent les objets, les images et les échanges d'un monde méditerranéen élargi. Moyen Âge Comment mesurer l'art médiéval, entre indiviualités et communautés, culture des hommes et culte de Dieu ? Manuscrits, icônes et architecture à la lumière d'approches nouvelles
Uploads
Papers by Caroline Bruzelius