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Summiya Faisal

NARC, Crop Science Institute, Faculty Member

Government College University, Lahore, Botany, Graduate Student

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Papers by Summiya Faisal

Antimicrobial evaluation of crude extracts of bark and stem of virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch)

The In vitro antimicrobial potential of bark and stem of virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinque... more The In vitro antimicrobial potential of bark and stem of virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch) was measured in order to authenticate its ethnopharmacological significance. Bark and stem parts were extracted by static maceration technique in non-polar and polar solvents, such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol and double distilled water. Agar well diffusion technique was used to verify the antimicrobial activity of these extracts against two Gram-negative, Gram-positive and fungal strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured through modified broth dilution method. However, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of stem resulted in highest inhibition zone (52.5±1.1 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and augmented antifungal activity (46±0.48 mm) against Fusarium solani, respectively. Whereas n-hexane extract of bark exhibited least antibacterial activity in the form of inhibition zone of 15±0.22mm against S. aureus. Similarly, minimum activity (16.5±0.21 mm) was observed in ethanolic extract of bark, against F. solani. The most resistant MIC value was shown by ethanolic bark extract, i.e. 0.5 mg/mL against P. aeruginosa. Thus, virginia creeper can be recommended as a remedy to combat efficaciously with the resilient contagious strains.

Effects of Priming on Seed Germination, Physico-Chemistry and Yield of Late Sown Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

by Summiya Faisal and sohaib Muhammad

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

Wheat productivity is drastically affected by late sowing, as it faces high temperatures during g... more Wheat productivity is drastically affected by late sowing, as it faces high temperatures during grain filling which decreases the crop yield. In this experiment, several seed priming agents were used to improve performance of two wheat varieties under normal and late sowing regimes. Hydropriming, Osmopriming with 2% calcium chloride and hormonal priming with salicylic-acid (50 mg/L) used as seed priming treatments. All treatments resulted in better seedling establishment, physiological attributes, growth and yield as Salicylic-acid proved superior in synchronized seedling stand establishment by reducing time required for 50% emergence and mean emergence under both sowings. Overall, growth and yielding traits were improved in both varieties subjected to seed priming with salicylic-acid and CaCl 2 under normal and late sowings. Salicylic-acid and CaCl 2 priming showed highest proline, sugars, phenolics, chlorophyll and relative water contents in Sarsabz and Khirman, while hydro-priming gave maximum glycine-betaine and membrane thermo-stability. Sarsabz showed more tolerance against high temperature. Seed priming improved high temperature tolerance under late sowing; however, CaCl 2 and salicylic-acid priming remained more effective in mitigate drastic effects of high temperature by maintaining better growth and yield as well as improved physiological attributes in both varieties. These enhancers can give more production under adverse climatic conditions.

Impact of Different Environmental Temperature on Chemical Composition of Asparagus densiflorus sprengeri L. Collected from Different Areas of Punjab, Pakistan

A research work was conducted to find out the chemical composition of Asparagus densiflorus spren... more A research work was conducted to find out the chemical composition of Asparagus densiflorus sprengeri under the influence of different agro-climatic conditions of Punjab province, Pakistan. Experiment conducted with Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Triplicate samples of shoots and roots collected from various localities were analyzed for each treatment. Fresh plants of A. densiflorus sprengeri were collected from seven different sites of Punjab. Time of sampling is from March to April. After air drying, samples were analyzed for their Malondialdehyde (MDA), Ascorbic Acid (AsA) and Total Phenolic (TPhe). MDA, AsA and TPhe concentrations differed significantly (p<0.05) from locality to locality. As the contents of MDA concerned the maximum concentrations were recorded from the shoot (4.54 ± 0.027 mg g-1) and root (3.03 ± 0.307 mg g-1) of plants selected from University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF) and TT Singh respectively while the lowest from shoot (1.13 ± 0.165 mg g-1) and root (0.94 ± 0.120 mg g-1) collected from Multan and UAF respectively. The highest AsA concentrations of shoot (0.436 ± 0.0023 mg g-1) and root (0.424 ± 0.0035 mg g-1) were recorded from UAF and Govt. College University, Faisalabad (GCUF) respectively whereas minimum of AsA of shoot (0.206 ± 0.0008 mg g-1) and root (0.224 ± 0.0093 mg g-1) from TT Singh. The highest TPhe were present in the shoot (0.451 ± 0.019 mg g-1) and root (0.529 ± 0.019 mg g-1) of plants collected from UAF and Nursery (Faisalabad) respectively while minimum of shoot (0.165 ± 0.0065 mg g-1) and root (0.265 ± 0.012 mg g-1) from Multan and TT Singh respectively. On the basis of results obtained it can be concluded that environmental conditions significantly (p<0.05) influenced the chemical composition of A. densiflorus.

Physiological Studies on Six Wheat (Triticum Aestivum l.) Genotypes for Drought Stress Tolerance at Seedling Stage

Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal, 2016

Screening of drought tolerant varieties of wheat are important for ameliorating productivity of w... more Screening of drought tolerant varieties of wheat are important for ameliorating productivity of water scarce areas. Six wheat genotypes including two local checks were evaluated for drought tolerance against different osmotic stress levels induced by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-6000. Experiment was set in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates and four treatments [0,-0.5 MPa,-0.75 MPa and-1.0 MPa PEG concentrations]. Wheat genotypes Khirman and Chakwal-86 were employed as check varieties. Four test genotypes evaluated were SD-621, SD-222, NIA Saarang and 22-03. Data were recorded on various seedling parameters such as germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, chlorophyll contents (a and b) and ionic contents (K+ and Ca2+, and K+ /Ca2+ ratio). No seedling survived at-1.0 MPa osmotic stresses. Best results were illustrated by wheat genotypes SD-222 and SD-621 with 98.89% and 96.7% germination at-0.5MPa and-0.75MPa osmotic stress, respectively. NIA Saarang and genotype 22-03 also exhibited better results at moisture stress. Reduction in chlorophyll and ionic contents was occurred with rise in water deficit in all genotypes. These findings appreciate the future use of these genotypes for obtaining high yield in water sparse areas.

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) planch extracts of bark and stem

PubMed, Sep 1, 2018

The phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of bark and stem of Parthenocissus quinquef... more The phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of bark and stem of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) planch was assessed in order to verify its ethnopharmacological significance. All major secondary metabolites e.g. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones were present. Antioxidant activity was analysed by using five techniques which included DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), TAA (Total Antioxidant Activity, TPC (Total Phenolic Content and MC (Metal Chelating) Activity. Ethanolic extract of bark showed the highest scavenging effects of 90.01±0.01%, with IC50 value of 24.32mg/ml. Aqueous stem extract showed best activity with IC50 value of 13.6±0.34mg/ml. The significance antioxidant potential indicates the effectiveness of bark and stem of P. quinquefolia in treatment of many diseases.

Air Pollution Mitigation Potential of Dominant Landscape Plants of an Urban Ecosystem (Lahore City) of Pakistan: An Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) Assessment

by Summiya Faisal and sohaib Muhammad

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

Lahore, the second largest city of Pakistan with higher population and large industrial zones, is... more Lahore, the second largest city of Pakistan with higher population and large industrial zones, is under tremendous environmental stress of increasing air pollution. Roadside plants can mitigate increasing pollution rate by serving as a natural sink. This research work was designed to evaluate the role of roadside plantation in pollution mitigation in an urban ecosystem of Lahore. In this urban ecosystem, three busiest roadsides i.e., Zafar Ali Road, Canal Road and Jail Road with heavy traffic flow and commonness of plants were selected as sampling sites. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of the selected plants was calculated through chlorophyll content (mg/g), ascorbic acid content (mg/g), relative water content (%) and pH. At control sites, ascorbic acid ranges from 3.11±0.21 (Cosmos sulphureus) to 1.18±0.08 (Tabarnaemontana divaricata) while at polluted sites, it was found to range from 2.95±0.09 (Cosmos sulphureus) to 1.03±0.08 (Tabarnaemontana divaricata). Chlorophyll content ranged from 37.00 ±1.11 (Ficus religiosa) to 5.28±1.22 (Hibiscus rosa sinensis) at control sites, while at polluted sites, it ranged from 29.09±1.15 (Ficus reliogiosa) to 5.56±0.95 (Tabarnaemontana divaricata). At control sites, relative water content ranged from 198.76 ±2.45 (Catharanthus roseus) to 10.02±1.95 (Tabarnaemontana divaricata) while at polluted sites, it was found to range from 192.40±2.11 (Catharanthus roseus) to 9.50 ±1.18 (Tabarnaemontana divaricata). At control sites pH value ranged from 6.69±0.21 (Catharanthus roseus) to 5.04 ± 0.45 (Alstonia scholaris). At polluted sites, it ranged from 6.69±0.21 (Catharanthus roseus) to 5.42±0.48 (Alstonia scholaris). At control sites, APTI value varies from 28.45±0.21 (Catharanthus roseus) to 2.59±0.11 (Tabarnaemontana divaricata).

Evaluation of Drought Tolerant Wheat genotypes using Morpho-Physiological Indices as Screening Tools

As water is the major limiting factor for agricultural crop production in arid and semi-arid area... more As water is the major limiting factor for agricultural crop production in arid and semi-arid areas, hence, twenty six wheat genotypes were screened under terminal drought stress for assessing their desiccation tolerance potentials. Experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates and two irrigation treatments (control and terminal drought). Water scarcity had significantly reduced growth and yield contributing attributes while six genotypes performed relatively better under drought stress. Highest germination potentials (62.66%) were observed in MAS-20/2014 at-1.0 MPa osmotic stress under control conditions. However, genotype MAS-3/2014 exhibited maximum grain yield (23.32 g plant-1) while MAS-20/2014 showed minimum reduction (15.70%) in grain yield under drought stress. Physiological studies highlighted that better yielding genotypes exhibited relatively less reduction in chlorophyll contents (5.93%) in MAS-20/2014, nitrate reductase activity (6.70%)in MAS-11/2014 and osmotic potentials (0.769 MPa) in MAS-3/2014, while more relative increase in proline accumulation (83.35%) in MAS-20/2014 , glycine-betaine (92.43%) in MAS-3/2014, total soluble sugars (36.65%) in MAS-23/2014 and potassium contents (3.

Morpho-Physiological Assessment of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Genotypes for Drought Stress Tolerance at Seedling Stage

As water deficit is the major constrained for agriculture crop production, germination potentials... more As water deficit is the major constrained for agriculture crop production, germination potentials of twenty six wheat genotypes were assessed under various drought stress levels while six genotypes were evaluated for drought tolerance potential through growth and physiological studies at early seedling stage. The experimental layout was comprised of three drought treatments in completely randomized pattern with three replicates under controlled conditions. Drought stress was induced through polyethylene glycol-6000 solutions by maintaining three osmotic potentials (-0.5MPa, -0.75MPa and 1.0MPa) in water culture medium while 1/4 Hoagland’s solution with zero osmotic potential was applied as control. Germination rate, seedling’s growth and photosynthesis were declined with increased levels of water deficiency. Seedling length, fresh and dry biomasses of root and shoot, and photosynthetic pigments executed more reduction at higher water deficit conditions. However, genotype TD-1 follow...

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) planch extracts of bark and stem

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018

The phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of bark and stem of Parthenocissus quinquef... more The phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of bark and stem of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) planch was assessed in order to verify its ethnopharmacological significance. All major secondary metabolites e.g. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones were present. Antioxidant activity was analysed by using five techniques which included DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), TAA (Total Antioxidant Activity, TPC (Total Phenolic Content and MC (Metal Chelating) Activity. Ethanolic extract of bark showed the highest scavenging effects of 90.01±0.01%, with IC50 value of 24.32mg/ml. Aqueous stem extract showed best activity with IC50 value of 13.6±0.34mg/ml. The significance antioxidant potential indicates the effectiveness of bark and stem of P. quinquefolia in treatment of many diseases.

Seed Priming Modulates Germination Potential, Osmoprotectants Accumulation and Ionic Uptake in Wheat Seedlings under Salt Stress

Increasing salinity is a major threat to crop growth and development while seed priming can effec... more Increasing salinity is a major threat to crop growth and development while seed priming can effectively induce salt tolerance in plants. The present study examined the role of ascorbate priming (ascorbate; 50 mg L), hormonal priming (triacontanol and indole acetic acid; 25 and 100 μmol, respectively) and osmolyte priming (proline; 50 mM) in wheat seedling grown under NaCl based salinity (12 dS m) as well as normal (3 dS m) conditions. The results indicate that priming with triacontanol (TRIA) followed by ascorbate (AsA) priming alleviated the detrimental effects of salinity stress by reducing germination time accompanied by improved germination index and final germination. Enhanced seedling growth in terms of better root and shoot lengths, seedling fresh and dry biomass were recorded in primed seeds. Under both conditions, all priming treatments successfully improved physio-biochemical traits. Maximum chlorophyll, glycine betaine and potassium contents were recorded in seedlings obt...

Efficacy of Exogenous Applications of Glucose in Improving Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.) Performance under Drought Stress

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 2018

Restriction in crop growth and yield occurs when it encounters extreme water shortage. In order t... more Restriction in crop growth and yield occurs when it encounters extreme water shortage. In order to reduce the adversities of drought, glucose was exogenously applied at various phenological stages on wheat variety “AARI-11” and desiccation tolerance potentials were assessed through growth, yield and physiological attributes. Glucose was supplied in various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mM) as seed priming and foliar spray treatments at vegetative and reproductive stages. Plant growth and grain yields were reduced under drought. Two glucose treatments (10 mM and 50 mM) improved tillering and dry biomass as compared to other treatments. Foliar sprayed-glucose treated plants showed increasing trends in grain yield under drought. Physio-chemical attributes were also modulated by exogenously applied carbohydrates. Nitrate reductase activity and total soluble proteins were increased with increase in sugar treatments under drought. Osmotic and water potentials were reduced under drought but foliar glucose sprays of 10 mM and 50 mM applied at reproductive phase significantly reversed the adverse effects of drought. Gas exchange characteristics including CO2 concentration, transpiration and photosynthesis rates were raised by glucose treatments under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Hence, drought tolerance was slightly induced by exogenous glucose doses in terms of improved growth, yield and physiological traits.

Heat Tolerance Screening Studies and Evaluating Salicylic Acid Efficacy against High Temperature in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology, 2019

High temperature retards plant growth and development. Major objective of this study was to asses... more High temperature retards plant growth and development. Major objective of this study was to assess heat tolerant potencies of forty rice cultivars at seedling stage and check the effectiveness of salicylic acid (SA) in improving thermotolerance. Rice seeds were sown in plastic bowls containing sand and heat stress (45°C) was applied on 15-days old seedlings for 12 and 24 h in growth incubators. Growth related stress tolerance indices were used as screening tools. Among all, two heat sensitive (Rambir and DM 15-1) and heat tolerant (RP2 and DM1-30-15-04) cultivars were selected for SA studies. SA spray (100 mg L-1) was used on 15-days old seedlings and heat stress (45°C) was imposed on 19-days old seedlings for 12 h and 24 h. Growth (root and shoot lengths and fresh and dry biomasses) and biochemical attributes (nitrate and nitrite reductase, total soluble sugars, proteins, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous and magnesium) were measured. Heat shock reduced seedling growth, enzymatic activities and mineral contents. However, SA enhanced fresh and dry biomass, concentration of organic and inorganic solutes in all genotypes under heat stress. SA improved thermo-tolerance in RP2 and DM1-30-15-04 genotypes. These heat tolerant genotypes have capability to give better seedling growth and stand establishment.

Polyethylene Glycol Mediated Osmotic Stress Impacts on Growth and Biochemical Aspects of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology

Efficacy of Exogenous Applications of Glucose in Improving Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.) Performance under Drought Stress

by Summiya Faisal and Wajid Mahboob

Restriction in crop growth and yield occurs when it encounters extreme water shortage. In order t... more Restriction in crop growth and yield occurs when it encounters extreme water shortage. In order
to reduce the adversities of drought, glucose was exogenously applied at various phenological stages on wheat
variety “AARI-11” and desiccation tolerance potentials were assessed through growth, yield and physiological
attributes. Glucose was supplied in various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mM) as seed priming and
foliar spray treatments at vegetative and reproductive stages. Plant growth and grain yields were reduced
under drought. Two glucose treatments (10 mM and 50 mM) improved tillering and dry biomass as compared
to other treatments. Foliar sprayed-glucose treated plants showed increasing trends in grain yield under
drought. Physio-chemical attributes were also modulated by exogenously applied carbohydrates. Nitrate
reductase activity and total soluble proteins were increased with increase in sugar treatments under drought.
Osmotic and water potentials were reduced under drought but foliar glucose sprays of 10 mM and 50 mM
applied at reproductive phase significantly reversed the adverse effects of drought. Gas exchange characteristics
including CO2 concentration, transpiration and photosynthesis rates were raised by glucose treatments
under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Hence, drought tolerance was slightly induced by exogenous
glucose doses in terms of improved growth, yield and physiological traits.

Impact of Different Environmental Temperature on Chemical Composition of Asparagus densiflorus sprengeri L. Collected from Different Areas of Punjab, Pakistan

by Summiya Faisal, Asma Akasha, and Wajid Mahboob

A research work was conducted to find out the chemical composition of Asparagus densiflorus spren... more A research work was conducted to find out the chemical composition of Asparagus densiflorus sprengeri under the influence of different agro-climatic conditions of Punjab province, Pakistan. Experiment conducted with Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Triplicate samples of shoots and roots collected from various localities were analyzed for each treatment. Fresh plants of A. densiflorus sprengeri were collected from seven different sites of Punjab. Time of sampling is from March to April. After air drying, samples were analyzed for their Malondialdehyde (MDA), Ascorbic Acid (AsA) and Total Phenolic (TPhe). MDA, AsA and TPhe concentrations differed significantly (p<0.05) from locality to locality. As the contents of MDA concerned the maximum concentrations were recorded from the shoot (4.54 ± 0.027 mg g-1) and root (3.03 ± 0.307 mg g-1) of plants selected from University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF) and TT Singh respectively while the lowest from shoot (1.13 ± 0.165 mg g-1) and root (0.94 ± 0.120 mg g-1) collected from Multan and UAF respectively. The highest AsA concentrations of shoot (0.436 ± 0.0023 mg g-1) and root (0.424 ± 0.0035 mg g-1) were recorded from UAF and Govt. College University, Faisalabad (GCUF) respectively whereas minimum of AsA of shoot (0.206 ± 0.0008 mg g-1) and root (0.224 ± 0.0093 mg g-1) from TT Singh. The highest TPhe were present in the shoot (0.451 ± 0.019 mg g-1) and root (0.529 ± 0.019 mg g-1) of plants collected from UAF and Nursery (Faisalabad) respectively while minimum of shoot (0.165 ± 0.0065 mg g-1) and root (0.265 ± 0.012 mg g-1) from Multan and TT Singh respectively. On the basis of results obtained it can be concluded that environmental conditions significantly (p<0.05) influenced the chemical composition of A. densiflorus.

PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTİES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF LEAVES AND FRUITS EXTRACTS OF PARTHENOCISSUS QUINQUEFOLIA (L.) PLANCH

The present study was conducted to evaluate phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential of... more The present study was conducted to evaluate phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential of leaves and fruits of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.). The reducing sugars, anthraquinones, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides were detected in leaves and fruits extracts. Different tests viz. DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and metal chelating activity were used to check the antioxidant potential of the extracts. The chloroform extracts of leaves and fruits showed the best DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The ethanolic fruit extract showed maximum GAE value (140.5 ± 0.07 µg/ml) i.e. total phenolic content. The ethanolic leaves extract showed highest % inhibition of ferrozine-ferrous complex formation. These results reinforce the traditional use of this plant in treatment of harmful human ailments. Introduction Nature has a diverse collection of species of plants possessing multiple usages with mankind (Holmstedt 1991). Plants possessing antioxidant properties play a significant role in defending the body against free radical damage, or repair the damage of the body cells caused by oxygen. They work by preventing the formation of new free radical species, converting existing free radicals into less harmful molecules, preventing radical-chained reactions (Aruoma 1998). Flavonoids and phenolic compounds and the secondary metabolites in plants are very important for growth, development and play key role in defence against microbial activities and infections. They provide oxidative stabilities to the plants in case of injuries (Cetkovic et al. 2007). Phenolic compounds are considered beneficial for human health, decreasing the risk of degenerative diseases by the reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of macromolecular oxidation, e.g. quercetin and ellagic acid (Sroka and Cisowski 2003). The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant capabilities of leaves and fruits of Parthenocissus. quinquefolia (L.) Planch an ethnobotanically important medicinal plant. It is a climbing shrub belonging to family Vitaceae.

EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES USING MORPHO- PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES AS SCREENING TOOLS

As water is the major limiting factor for agricultural crop production in arid and semi-arid area... more As water is the major limiting factor for agricultural crop production in arid and semi-arid areas, hence, twenty six wheat genotypes were screened under terminal drought stress for assessing their desiccation tolerance potentials. Experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates and two irrigation treatments (control and terminal drought). Water scarcity had significantly reduced growth and yield contributing attributes while six genotypes performed relatively better under drought stress. Highest germination potentials (62.66%) were observed in MAS-20/2014 at-1.0 MPa osmotic stress under control conditions. However, genotype MAS-3/2014 exhibited maximum grain yield (23.32 g plant-1) while MAS-20/2014 showed minimum reduction (15.70%) in grain yield under drought stress. Physiological studies highlighted that better yielding genotypes exhibited relatively less reduction in chlorophyll contents (5.93%) in MAS-20/2014, nitrate reductase activity (6.70%)in MAS-11/2014 and osmotic potentials (0.769 MPa) in MAS-3/2014, while more relative increase in proline accumulation (83.35%) in MAS-20/2014 , glycine-betaine (92.43%) in MAS-3/2014, total soluble sugars (36.65%) in MAS-23/2014 and potassium contents (3.66%) in MAS-6/2014 were analyzed under drought. These findings illustrated that wheat genotypes MAS-2/2014, MAS-3/2014, MAS-8/2014, MAS-12/2014, MAS-18/2014 and MAS-20/2014 exhibited better tolerance under drought conditions making them suitable for enhancing the productivity of rain fed and arid areas.

MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE AT SEEDLING STAGE

by Summiya Faisal and Wajid Mahboob

As water deficit is the major constrained for agriculture crop production, germination potentials... more As water deficit is the major constrained for agriculture crop production, germination potentials of twenty six wheat genotypes were assessed under various drought stress levels while six genotypes were evaluated for drought tolerance potential through growth and physiological studies at early seedling stage. The experimental layout was comprised of three drought treatments in completely randomized pattern with three replicates under controlled conditions. Drought stress was induced through polyethylene glycol-6000 solutions by maintaining three osmotic potentials (-0.5MPa,-0.75MPa and-1.0MPa) in water culture medium while 1/4 th Hoagland's solution with zero osmotic potential was applied as control. Germination rate, seedling's growth and photosynthesis were declined with increased levels of water deficiency. Seedling length, fresh and dry biomasses of root and shoot, and photosynthetic pigments executed more reduction at higher water deficit conditions. However, genotype TD-1 followed by ESW-9525 and IBWSN-1010 showed better performance with minimum reduction in seedling's length and biomasses at-0.75MPa and-1.0MPa osmotic stress. TD-1 exhibited least reduction (15.26%) in chlorophyll pigments and enhanced accumulation of K + ions at highest osmotic stress level. Maximum K + /Ca 2+ ratio was determined in ESW-9525 and TD-1 which is the tolerance trait. Hence, TD-1 and ESW-9525 have more drought stress tolerance capacity as compare to other genotypes.

Physiological Studies on Six Wheat (Triticum Aestivum l.) Genotypes for Drought Stress Tolerance at Seedling Stage

Screening of drought tolerant varieties of wheat are important for ameliorating productivity of w... more Screening of drought tolerant varieties of wheat are important for ameliorating productivity of water scarce areas. Six wheat genotypes including two local checks were evaluated for drought tolerance against different osmotic stress levels induced by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-6000. Experiment was set in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates and four treatments [0,-0.5 MPa,-0.75 MPa and-1.0 MPa PEG concentrations]. Wheat genotypes Khirman and Chakwal-86 were employed as check varieties. Four test genotypes evaluated were SD-621, SD-222, NIA Saarang and 22-03. Data were recorded on various seedling parameters such as germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, chlorophyll contents (a and b) and ionic contents (K+ and Ca2+, and K+ /Ca2+ ratio). No seedling survived at-1.0 MPa osmotic stresses. Best results were illustrated by wheat genotypes SD-222 and SD-621 with 98.89% and 96.7% germination at-0.5MPa and-0.75MPa osmotic stress, respectively. NIA Saarang and genotype 22-03 also exhibited better results at moisture stress. Reduction in chlorophyll and ionic contents was occurred with rise in water deficit in all genotypes. These findings appreciate the future use of these genotypes for obtaining high yield in water sparse areas.