Papers by E-Structural Journal
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2025
In this study, the researchers focus on the types of humor based on the theory of Raphaelson-West... more In this study, the researchers focus on the types of humor based on the theory of Raphaelson-West (1989), translation strategies according to Gottlieb (1992), and the level of translation acceptability according to Nababan (2012) by using qualitative descriptive method which is used because the purpose of this study is to explain the phenomenon of translating humor subtitles in the Superstore series. The results show that the most common type of humor is universal humor with a total of 48 data, cultural humor with 37 data and linguistic humor with 25 data. The most frequently used translation strategy in the subtitles is transfer strategy with 43 data, while expansion and resignation are the least used with 2 data. Of the 110 data analyzed, 67 data fall into the acceptable category and only 3 data are unacceptable, which means that the subtitle translation is acceptable. Data collection is done by watching all seasons then selecting utterances that contain humor and classifying them based on the theory used. The transfer strategy is most used for universal humor, while paraphrasing is more dominant in cultural humor. Thus, the translation of verbal humor in the series is natural and relevant to the Indonesian language, and is able to maintain meaning and humor.
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2025
Gender representation plays a significant role in shaping social norms and perception, especially... more Gender representation plays a significant role in shaping social norms and perception, especially in education. The study examines whether gender is represented equally and how this representation aligns with the gender equality principles promoted by the Merdeka Curriculum. This study investigates gender representation in the English for Nusantara 7th-grade textbook, focusing on five dimensions: visual and textual gender visibility, topic dominance, occupational and leisure activities, and the use of gender-neutral language, based on Hamdan's (2008) framework. The research found that the textbook offers a balanced gender representation in some aspects, while others still require improvement. Male characters were slightly more dominant in illustrations, while female characters led in topics and occupational mentions. The use of inclusive language was positively noted. The findings indicate a relatively balanced gender portrayal, yet subtle patterns of traditional bias remain. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on inclusive education and may guide curriculum developers, educators, and policymakers in improving the gender sensitivity of future textbooks and learning materials.
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2025
Metaphors and similes are significant elements in literary texts that help the author to convey h... more Metaphors and similes are significant elements in literary texts that help the author to convey his/her message. This study analyzed the topic and image of metaphors and similes in the source text, and how they were translated into the target text. The data was taken from One of Us is Next, an American novel by Karen M. McManus, and its Bahasa Indonesia translated version, Satu Permainan (One of Us Is Next). Because the data were in textual form, this research applied descriptive qualitative to examine the translation strategy that was used by the translator and the equivalence between the source and the target text. The data were arranged in the table, with descriptive explanations in each of them. This study found the patterns of the metaphor and simile: human vs human and human vs nonhuman in metaphor and simile, and non-human vs non-human in metaphor. The intriguing pattern found was human versus non-human, which was mostly translated literally in both Metaphor and Simile, whereas the other patterns were less.
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2025
Teaching EFL to public junior high school students in a district where the local people speak a r... more Teaching EFL to public junior high school students in a district where the local people speak a regional language with a dialect different from the regional language taught at school is challenging for teachers who apply translingual practice. This study aims to reveal the students' attitudes toward their translingual practice and their teacher's translingual practice in EFL learning. This qualitative study involved 30 students in Grade 7 of a public junior high school in Brebes District. The data were collected by using questionnaires and interviews. The result shows that the students express a positive attitude towards the teacher's and their peers' use of the national language since it is considered polite and proper to be used as the school subject's delivery language. However, the students show a negative attitude towards the teacher's use of the regional language with the local dialect as it is considered impolite or improper to be used in a class, and they show a negative attitude towards their peer's use of full English during the lesson because they felt that they had not mastered English yet. The teacher should carefully select the languages involved in a translingual practice to build the students' positive attitudes. How they used their preferred languages during English lessons should be further observed to see how it helped them to learn EFL.
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2025
This study examined the methods used to address structural errors in a beginner-level English con... more This study examined the methods used to address structural errors in a beginner-level English conversation class at a private language school in Indonesia. Building on the premise that both positive and negative evidence (corrective feedback) are essential for second language acquisition, the research investigated whether all structural errors were corrected, the source of the corrections, the timing, and the strategies employed. The study observed six EFL students during an online class, focusing on their use of past tense expressions. The study implemented a qualitative research design, structured around an analytical framework, and specifically utilized a case study approach to examine the phenomenon in depth. The data were collected through classroom observations and video recordings. They were analyzed using a deductive content analysis. The results indicate that not all structural errors were corrected; the teacher and students were the primary agents of correction, with peer correction notably absent. Most corrections occurred during controlled practice activities, aligning with the class's accuracy-focused goals. Immediate correction was the predominant timing strategy, and explicit correction methods, such as metalinguistic comments and elicitation, were favored over more implicit approaches like recasting. The findings suggest the need for greater consistency in corrective feedback and highlight the potential benefits of incorporating peer correction and explicit corrective feedback in beginner-level speaking classes. However, the study's limitations include its focus on structural errors without considering student uptake of corrections or the reasons behind the teacher's selective correction approach. Further research could explore these aspects to provide a more comprehensive understanding of corrective feedback in language learning contexts.
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2025
The existing literature has documented the success of the phonics approach in teaching early read... more The existing literature has documented the success of the phonics approach in teaching early reading in school contexts. Yet, research examining how teachers implement this approach, particularly in non-formal educational settings, remains limited. This qualitative case study aims to explore and critically analyze the application of phonics in a private language course in Jember, Indonesia, as well as the associated challenges. The study involved four teachers from the institution, and data were collected through observations, interviews, field notes, and document analysis. The findings suggest that phonics can help guide very young learners to develop their early literacy skills when applied explicitly and systematically. However, phonics itself can prove more complex than anticipated. Due to its technical nature and lack of support for meaning comprehension, phonics should not be the sole approach in a reading class. Therefore, it should be incorporated with meaning-based reading approaches and adequate teacher training to promote effective phonics instruction.
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2024
This research was conducted to analyze slang language in the script of Pulp Fiction by Quentin Ta... more This research was conducted to analyze slang language in the script of Pulp Fiction by Quentin Tarantino. The study aimed to identify and analyze the types, meanings, and functions of slang in the film's script. The primary source of this research is the script of "Pulp Fiction." The researchers employed a descriptive qualitative method, reviewing and identifying slang dialogues using English translations, and then capturing screenshots of important dialogues relevant to the chosen title. The slang words found in the Pulp Fiction script are categorized into two types according to Chapman's theory (1988): Primary Slang and Secondary Slang. In this study, 19 slang words are classified into these two types, each found in various sentences throughout the Pulp Fiction script. The dominant type of slang is Primary Slang, with the most frequently used word being ain't, which appears 47 times. In contrast, the word O.D.ing in Secondary Slang is used only 3 times. In the Pulp Fiction movie, slang is predominantly used by specific social groups, particularly young people. Through slang, the characters express solidarity with others who share similar values or experiences, highlighting their closeness and familiarity with one another.
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2024
This study examined the prevalence of English in digital marketing content among Indonesian start... more This study examined the prevalence of English in digital marketing content among Indonesian startups, exploring the balance between global linguistic trends and local language use in an emerging digital economy. The research analyzed digital marketing materials from 10 prominent Indonesian startups across various sectors using qualitative content analysis. The findings reveal a strategic bilingual approach, with 42.3% English, 53.7% Indonesian, and 4.0% mixed language use overall. Significant variations were observed across digital platforms, industry sectors, and content types. Websites and app descriptions showed higher English usage, while social media favored Indonesians. Technology and fintech startups used more English (56.8%), contrasting with education and healthcare startups' preference for Indonesian (70.4%). Theoretically, this study contributes to understanding of strategic bilingualism and linguistic adaptation in digital marketing by demonstrating how language choices reflect both global aspirations and local market demands. Empirically, the findings reveal that Indonesian startups employ a systematic approach to language selection across different platforms and sectors, with technology companies favoring English (56.8%) while education and healthcare sectors predominantly use Indonesian (70.4%), indicating a careful balance between international reach and local engagement in their digital marketing strategies.
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2024
Anxiety about speaking English is not unusual and can affect any language learner, including teac... more Anxiety about speaking English is not unusual and can affect any language learner, including teachers can experience anxiety in speaking English. When a person experiences this anxiety, they must have strategies to overcome it. While studies usually focus on students, this current study aims to explore teachers' anxiety as well. This paper addresses three research questions: [1] What type of anxiety do the respondents experience? [2] What causes them to suffer from speaking anxiety? and [3] What strategies do they use to overcome their anxiety? Data in the form of responses from seventy-five respondents were gathered during a workshop conducted by a postgraduate program of a private university in Surabaya, East Java. The respondents were asked about their worries, causes, and strategies to overcome their anxiety. The problems were categorized into psychological, social, and language proficiency. The findings revealed that the respondents experienced social, psychological, and language-proficiency issues. Besides that, the respondents had their strategies for overcoming their anxiety. Only 14 respondents out of 75 mentioned the strategy they had to overcome their speaking anxiety. The results of this research can help university lecturers boost their students' confidence and motivation in speaking enabling them to become competent English teachers.
E-Structural, Jan 26, 2024
This research delved into the translation of culture-bound terms within the context of the Netfli... more This research delved into the translation of culture-bound terms within the context of the Netflix series Unsolved. The study aimed to elucidate the types of culture-bound terms based on Newmark's classification (1988), describe the translation techniques employed following Molina and Albir's framework (2002), and analyze the underlying translation ideology as per Venuti's perspective (1995). This research used a descriptive qualitative approach by using written text to classify and identify the types of culture-bound terms, translation techniques, and the ideology used to translate culture-bound terms. The findings revealed that there are 87 data of culture-bound terms. The researchers found all 5 types of culture-bound terms namely ecology, material culture, social culture, social organization, and gesture & habit. The findings also revealed that there are 10 translation techniques used by the translator to translate culture-bound terms such as amplification (5 data), borrowing (35 data), calque (4 data), description (5 data), established equivalent (9 data), generalization (8 data), literal (15 data), particularization (4 data), reduction (1 data), and variation (1data). Furthermore, the dominant type of culture-bound terms is social organization. For the translation technique, borrowing becomes the most common technique used by the translator. For the translation ideology, the analysis of the translation results, which predominantly favored the target language, suggests that the translator adhered to a domestication ideology. Depart from the findings, further research is needed to analyze other aspects such as the acceptability and readability of the translation.
E-Structural, Jan 20, 2024
Literary works and language teaching need more prior focus on their investigation, specifically o... more Literary works and language teaching need more prior focus on their investigation, specifically on seeing how those two things affect language proficiency. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of teaching literature in improving students' English proficiency while also considering other aspects such as empathy, emotional intelligence, and aesthetic satisfaction. The method used was a pre-experimental design with a sample of 28 students. Before the intervention, a needs analysis was conducted to measure students' reading literacy, reading interest, and aesthetic interaction with literature. Learning objectives designed based on this needs analysis were then implemented. The data were taken through conducting need analysis, treatment, and measurement. The findings showed a significant increase in the student's English proficiency, with approximately 82% increases in empathy scores, 35% in emotional intelligence, and 20% in aesthetic satisfaction. These results indicate that literature is an effective tool for language teaching and contributes to students' holistic development in other aspects of life.
E-Structural, 2019
Parallelism is a way to make your writing and speaking become more interesting and clear. Some o... more Parallelism is a way to make your writing and speaking become more interesting and clear. Some of poetry writers and public speakers use this method to make their writings or speeches easy to remember. Another writing using parallelism is nursery rhymes. This research aims to find out the use of parallelism in nursery rhymes in ABCKidsinc. The method used to collect data is purposive random sampling, meanwhile in analysing data, I use descriptive method. The result of this research is there is a use of parallelism in nursery rhyme in ABCKidsinc. It is not only in vocabulary and sound but also in grammar.Keywords: parallelism, nursery rhymes, vocabulary, sound, grammar
E-Structural, 2018
This paper analyzes the appraisal system of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre movie review by Roger Ebe... more This paper analyzes the appraisal system of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre movie review by Roger Ebert. This study aims at analyzing the evaluation given by the reviewer toward the movie. The data of this research are all clauses containing appraising items toward the movie. The data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method and analytical frameworks suggested by and Martin and Rose (2003) on appraisal system in systemic functional linguistics (SFL). Based on the analysis, the researcher found that the kind of appraising item mostly used by the reviewer is attitudinal lexis (35%) and the least used items are relational process (1%) and modality clause (1%). The attitude is mostly appreciation (59%), followed by affect (26%) and judgment (15%). For the engagement, the evaluations are classified as monogloss (99%) and heterogloss (1%). For the graduation, the evaluations are classified as down-scaled (76%) and up-scaled (24%). It can be concluded that the reviewer tends to use attitudinal lexis in his evaluation. The evaluations are mostly sourced from the reviewer himself. The reviewer tends to evaluate things more than people, and his evaluations are mostly to be negative toward the movie.
E-Structural, 2018
Short stories tell story about imaginative people called characters, including the ones in the mo... more Short stories tell story about imaginative people called characters, including the ones in the monthly magazines and online sources. The purpose of this research is to know the characteristics of the characters portrayed in the short stories published in monthly magazine "Nurul Hayat" and online sources. This research is qualitative descriptive. The subject of research is 15 short stories; 12 short stories from monthly magazine "Nurul Hayat" and three short stories from websites. Data collection tools use documentation. Data analysis techniques are using Miles and Huberman techniques. The results indicate that the short stories published in "Nurul Hayat" magazines and in the website deliver positive and constructing ideas. Those stories tell that as a person we should not easily give up when facing difficult obstacles. They also say that all obstacles can be overcome as Lord does not create them exceeding the human capability. It means that when we try our best, there will be solutions to the problems we face. For that, the researchers agree if these kinds of stories will be used as teaching media to the children.
E-Structural, 2018
Conversation is a process of exchanging two variables, there are speech role and commodity exchan... more Conversation is a process of exchanging two variables, there are speech role and commodity exchange, the combination between them is called speech function.
E-Structural, 2018
Comic is one of the popular literary works that combining pictures and languages. It can be a wor... more Comic is one of the popular literary works that combining pictures and languages. It can be a work if it consist of story that using language as the medium. The aims of this study is to explain the formula of the comic by using theories of comic, escapism, and the narration's structure of an adventure comics, The Life and Times Of Scrooge McDuck created by Don Rosa. To get relevant data, this study is employ one method, namely; library study. In this paper, the writer used theories of comic by Scott McCloud, escapism by Cawelty, and the narration's structure of Vladimir Propp. The result indicates that in this comic, there is the reality of the idea that the existence of the main character is manifested by the presence of the villains. Comic is a complete books that can teaching the reader which is not only understand the stories, but also the world view inside, it is the good ideology of the existence from the bad side.
E-Structural, 2019
When delivering a speech or talk, a speaker shares a great deal of background knowledge to the au... more When delivering a speech or talk, a speaker shares a great deal of background knowledge to the audience. However, as human being, the speaker often gets nervous and forgets the words to say. Sometimes the speaker is not able to memorize all information that s/he wants to present to the audience. In fact, during the talk, the speaker must speak fluently to maintain a good situation and communication to the audience. Therefore, to fill a gap during a talk because the speaker could not memorize every detail of information to be presented, using vague language sometimes becomes an option. Vague language may also be used for other purposes besides nervousness and memory problem, i.e. as a tension management (Trappes-Lomax, 2007). This research explores vague language as tension management device used by Jimmy Kimmel as the host in the Oscars opening monologue in 2017. The method used in this research was qualitative descriptive since it describes the data in the form of word or sentence....
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2024
The purpose of the study was to investigate pre-service teachers' perceptions about the incorpora... more The purpose of the study was to investigate pre-service teachers' perceptions about the incorporation of the Glossary as serve a role in area of translation as a supporting tool that is used in translation efforts where they are used to clarify meaning in the translation classroom at one of the private universities in East Java. The researchers conducted a narrative inquiry using a qualitative approach. Three EFL pre-service teachers who had finished a translation course participated in semistructured interviews to gather data for this study. The results of this study show that technical and nontechnical complexity affect how the Glossary is used in the Translation class. Along with to the complexity, the research declares that participants saw a notable influence following active use of the Glossary. The information provided leads to the conclusion that any technological integration should be viewed from various angles, as demonstrated in this study in the pedagogical aspect in translation classrooms.
E-Structural (English Studies on Translation, Culture, Literature, and Linguistics), 2024
English language proficiency is critical for doctoral candidates, particularly in non-Englishspea... more English language proficiency is critical for doctoral candidates, particularly in non-Englishspeaking countries like Indonesia, where mastery of reading and writing in English is essential for academic success. This study evaluates the effectiveness of TOEFL scores as indicators of doctoral students' abilities to comprehend and produce scientific texts in English. However, few studies have investigated how TOEFL scores represent doctoral students' reading and writing abilities in scientific texts from the viewpoints of the individuals directly engaged. Thus, this qualitative study addresses the research gap by employing semi-structured interviews with four doctoral students from the Faculty of Agriculture at a public university in Malang, Indonesia, and the Head of the Doctoral Study Program. The data were analyzed inductively using Bloom's taxonomy to assess the depth and complexity of the participants' linguistic readiness. The results were then classified based on the Bloom Taxonomy level from the fundamental knowledge comprehension to the creation of doctoral candidates' scientific articles. The study's findings underscore the need for more comprehensive assessments of English proficiency in postgraduate admissions. While higher TOEFL scores generally indicate better comprehension and writing skills, they do not consistently reflect the specific competencies required for scientific writing. This suggests that the TOEFL score may be insufficient as a sole metric for linguistic readiness. The study contributes to policy discussions by highlighting this need, particularly in disciplines requiring specialized academic writing skills.
is an essential part of a scientific paper. However, according to the finding of researchers work... more is an essential part of a scientific paper. However, according to the finding of researchers working in the repository at the (UIN) Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, many students still do not comply with the rules for writing scientific papers. This study aims to analyze the types of sentence complexity in the thesis abstracts of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh students and the level of use of sentence complexity in scientific papers by students of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive and content analysis methods. The data were obtained from the Repository UIN Ar-Raniry through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's method. The result shows four types of sentence complexity in abstract writing, namely simple sentence (24.58%), compound sentence (25.97%), complex sentence (26.25%,) and compoundcomplex Sentence (23.19 %). The level of sentence complexity in student scientific abstracts includes complex sentences containing independent clause + noun clause, independent clause + adjective clause, independent clause + noun clause + adverbial clause. This finding contributes to improving the skills of students' ability in scientific writing.
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Papers by E-Structural Journal