Keld Laursen

Examining the Influence of Competition Networks Structure on Firm’s Out-Licensing Strategy

Proceedings - Academy of Management, Aug 1, 2022

Introduction: New and old economy. The role of ICT in structural change and economic dynamics

Explaining the Use of the Grant-Back Clause in Technology Licensing

Proceedings - Academy of Management, 2013

Licensing is one of the most commonly observed inter-firm contractual agreements. Drawing on the ... more Licensing is one of the most commonly observed inter-firm contractual agreements. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm and contract economics, we argue that the inclusion of a grant-back clause in licensing agreements emerges as a consequence of the licensor and licensee firms' requirements to balance the need to protect their technological resources with the need to learn through internal and external processes. We argue that licensing agreements are increasingly likely to contain a grant-back clause (i) the closer the licensed technology is to the core of the licensor's patent portfolio, and (ii) the higher the uncertainty of the licensed technology. In contrast, we conjecture decreasing likelihood of a grant-back clause, the closer the licensed technology is to the core of the licensee's patent portfolio. Technological uncertainty is conjectured to positively moderate the results both when the licensed technology is part of the core technology of the licensee and the licensor. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 404 licensed technologies over the period 1984-2004. We employ a hierarchical nested decision model to account for the inclusion of a grant-back clause in a licensing contract nested in the decision about which technologies to license out. We find broad support for our theoretical arguments.

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The Role of Public Researcher Mobility for Industrial Innovation

Proceedings - Academy of Management, Jul 1, 2012

“Cooperation or Competetion : Grant-Back Clauses in Technology Licencing Contracts”

This paper disentangles the tension between cooperation and competition that exists in technology... more This paper disentangles the tension between cooperation and competition that exists in technology licensing agreements. The grant-back clause is designed to manage the potential loss of competitive position experienced by the licensor due to learning and follow-on invention effects of the licensee. The clause may, however, also lead to lowering of the licensee?s incentives to further invest in the licensed technology thereby inducing a loss in overall benefits of technology licensing. We seek to uncover whether the tension between cooperation and competition leads to a grant-back clause when the licensed technology is core to their business, when they are competing in the same market or when both circumstances are met. We employ a nested logit model in which the decision to include a grant-back is nested in the decision to be on the demand or supply side of the market for technology. Our results indicate that the tension swings towards competition rather than cooperation only when both circumstances are met.

Does Specialisation Matter for Growth

Knowledge strategies, innovative capacity and complementarities in human resource practices

Journal of Management & Governance, 2001

Evading the Boomerang Effect: Using the Grant-Back Clause to Further Generative Appropriability from Technology Licensing Deals

Organization Science, Jun 1, 2017

and Entrepreneurship. They owe special thanks to Senior Editor Gautam Ahuja and two anonymous rev... more

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Winning combinations: search strategies and innovativeness in the UK

Industry and Innovation, Feb 9, 2017

Searching for the most rewarding sources of innovative ideas remains a key challenge in managemen... more Searching for the most rewarding sources of innovative ideas remains a key challenge in management of technological innovation. Yet little is known about which combinations of internal and external knowledge sources are triggers for innovation. Extending theories about searching for innovation, we examine the effectiveness of different combinations of knowledge sources for achieving innovative performance. We suggest that combinations involving integrative search strategies-combining internal and external knowledge-are the most likely to generate product and process innovation. In this context, we present the idea that cognitively distant knowledge sources are helpful for innovation only when used in conjunction with knowledge sources that are closer to the focal firm. We also find important differences between product and process innovation, with the former associated with broader searches than the latter. Using a large-scale pooled sample of UK firms, we find overall support for our conjectures, particularly in terms of product innovation.

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The role of “non-economic” endowments: introduction to the special section on what we know and what we should know about international knowledge sourcing

Industrial and Corporate Change, Feb 15, 2017

Recent developments in the pattern of international knowledge sourcing have highlighted a new int... more Recent developments in the pattern of international knowledge sourcing have highlighted a new international division of labor in knowledge production which now is affecting emerging as well as advanced countries. The source of this division of labor has been identified as residing in the changing economic endowments of these countries. We extend this by suggesting that the new international allocation of knowledge-related activities is related strongly to a country’s “non-economic” endowments. Our arguments provide context to the papers in this special section.

Experience matters: The role of academic scientist mobility for industrial innovation

Strategic Management Journal, Jun 12, 2018

This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Condition... more This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving * This version of the article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the publisher's final version AKA Version of Record.

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Åbne Og Lukkede Virksomheder

Esben Rahbek Gjerdrum Pedersen argumenterer for, at CSR ofte blot ses som en omkostningsfaktor i ... more Esben Rahbek Gjerdrum Pedersen argumenterer for, at CSR ofte blot ses som en omkostningsfaktor i virksomhederne. Hvis virksomhederne i højere grad så CSR som en forretningsmulighed, kunne det give et vaesentligt bidrag til innovation og vaekst. InDHOLD 2 VAEKSTHUSET VAEKSTHUSET 3 Jan Molin, undervisningsdekan "Create stronger interaction between technology, design and business education and research, as well as fewer but stronger organisations involved in promoting innovation."

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How Robust are the Results?: A Bayesian Averaging Approach for Tackling Replication and Model Uncertainty in Research on Inbound Open Innovation

Open Innovation

Oxford University Press eBooks, Dec 15, 2016

When firms involve external partners more actively in their innovation processes, managing knowle... more

Which Employees Benefit from Employers' Open Innovation Activities?

Addressing replication and model uncertainty: a Bayesnian averaging approach applied to innovation survey data

Forskere øger også kommerciel innovation

Børsen, Mar 8, 2019

Technological Competition & Patent Strategy: Protection, Blocking Rivals or the Freedom to Operate

Proceedings - Academy of Management, Aug 1, 2018

The increasing importance of patents to the firm’s strategy goes beyond protecting innovations fr... more

Exploring the Boomerang Effect: The Role of Core Technologies and Uncertainty in Explaining the Use of the Grant-Back Clause in Technology Licensing

Licensing is one of the most commonly observed inter-firm contractual agreements. Drawing on the ... more Licensing is one of the most commonly observed inter-firm contractual agreements. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm and contract economics, we argue that the inclusion of a grant-back clause in licensing agreements emerges as a consequence of the licensor and licensee firms' requirements to balance the need to protect their technological resources with the need to learn through internal and external processes. We argue that licensing agreements are increasingly likely to contain a grant-back clause (i) the closer the licensed technology is to the core of the licensor's patent portfolio, and (ii) the higher the uncertainty of the licensed technology. In contrast, we conjecture decreasing likelihood of a grant-back clause, the closer the licensed technology is to the core of the licensee's patent portfolio. Technological uncertainty is conjectured to positively moderate the results both when the licensed technology is part of the core technology of the licensee and the licensor. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 404 licensed technologies over the period 1984-2004. We employ a hierarchical nested decision model to account for the inclusion of a grant-back clause in a licensing contract nested in the decision about which technologies to license out. We find broad support for our theoretical arguments.

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Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship in Professional Services

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