
Mohamed Farahat
Mohamed Farahat is an Egyptian based legal practitioner, trainer, political, and legal researcher. Farahat works as programs director at Egyptian Foundation for refugees Rights (EFRR) , he was project Coordinator of EFRR’s legal aid project with United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees –UNHCR- Cairo office, and Legal Researcher officer - international, collaborative research Project of The law of asylum in the Middle East and Asia with University of York-Centre for Applied Human Rights-UK . Before EFRR, Farahat was Access to Justice team leader at African and Middle East for Refugees Assistance (AMERA-Egypt ) and was Legal researcher at International Commission for Jurists (ICJ), As consultant he worked with HUMENA for human rights and civic engagement in collaboration with Global Freedom of Expression-Columbia University as a legal analyst, Legal Consultant with International Organization for Migration (IOM-Egypt)on projects related to ethical recruitment for migrants and Linkages between Trafficking, Smuggling, Labor and Migration Policy Regimes: Implications for Women’s, Justice for Children -Consultant United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) ,Legal Expert with Center for Migration and Refugees Studies (CMRS-American University in Cairo (AUC) . research fellow and later as digital rights consultant with International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA). Mr. Farahat was Researcher and Analyst, collaborative research project- and co-author in report on internet law surveillance in Africa -The Institute of Development Studies (IDS)- at the University of Sussex Digital Rights Landscape Reports, research leader with African Digital Rights Hub (ADRH) in project about data protection in Africa, and Co-author with Paradigm Initiative about digital rights report in Africa. He is legal consultant with CARE-International Egypt about Sexual and Gender based violence (SGBV) cases and trainings and legal consultant with Catholic Relief services (CRS) about rights to work. Mr. Farahat is a member of bord of directors - Innovation for Change Middle East and North Africa MENA Hub, Management Advisory Group (MAG) vice chairman and member at North Africa Internet Governance (NAIGF), member of African Digital Rights Network (ADRN), North Africa Representative at E-Governance and Internet Governance Foundation for Africa (EGIGFA), Steering committee member and North Africa Coordinator at Middle East and North Africa statelessness Network, and African ICT Foundation’s Focal Point Representative for Egypt. He was a member of the steering committee of Internet Rights and Principles Coalition (IRPC), As a legal and political researcher, Farahat has 20 published articles related to international refugee law, Statelessness, Politics, Democracy, Parliamentary studies, Digital rights, and internet governance. As Human rights expert, Mr. Farahat has a variety experience in human rights topics such as access to Justice, refugees’ rights, migrant and workers’ rights, statelessness and rights to nationality issues , administrative and migration detention issues, deportation issues, criminal justice for Children, legislative reforms, independence of judiciary, strategic litigation, civic space offline and online, freedom of expression, right to work, sexual and gender based violence (SGBV), digital rights topics such as Internet surveillance, internet shutdown, access to internet and internet inclusion , fake news, data protection and rights to privacy. Mr. Farahat was guest speaker, organizer, and attendee of about 30 conferences and workshops on national, regional and global level that covered topics related to digital rights refugees’ issues and statelessness. In addition he participated at 70 capacity building programs about human rights, refugees, statelessness, international law, Migration law, international humanitarian law, internet governance, digital rights, and peace building. Academically, Mr. Farahat holds a degree in Law from Cairo University and several post-graduate diplomas in international law, Human Rights and civil society, International Negotiation, African Studies-politics division, Parliamentary Studies. Currently, he is a master’s degree researcher in African Studies and MA student –Migration and refugees’ studies –American university in Cairo-AUC.
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شهد العالم خلال العقد السابق العديد من المتغييرات السياسية والإجتماعيه التى أثرت بشكل مباشر على تفاعل الاشخاص مع تلك المتغييرات ، وأدى التطور السريع المتلاحق لتكنولوجيا الاتصالات و المعلومات ،إلى إحداث تغييرات جوهرية فى أنماط التفكير بين المواطنين ودرجة تعاطيهم مع مختلف الموضوعات.وأضحت وسائل التواصل الإجتماعى آليه حيويه مؤثرة بشكل كبير وخطير فى أنماط التفكير وتشكيل الوعى لدى الأشخاص .
كانت لتلك التغييرات أثراً عظيماً على المجتمع العربى ، أثرت وغيرت فى أنماط تفكير المواطن العربى ،وكانت لوسائل التواصل الاجتماعى عظيم الأثر فى الحراك السياسيى الذي حدث فى الدول العربيه ابان بدء ما يسمى إعلامياً ثورات الربيع العربى،وكان لتلك الوسائل الأثر العظيم فى الحشد السياسي. كما تم إستخدام تلك الوسائل لبث الأشاعات والأخبار الكاذبة ،وحشد وتجنيد الشباب فى الجماعات المتطرفه التى انتشرت فى المنطقه العربية ،بمعنى أخر أدى التطور التكنولوجى لظهور جرائم مستحدثه والمتمثله فى إستخدام الأنترنت ووسائل التواصل الأجتماعى فى ظهور جرائم الأرهاب السيبرانى وأستخدام تلك الوسائل الحديثه نسبياً فى تجنيد الأرهابين و بث الاشاعات و الخبار الكاذبة التى تؤدي إلى التشكيك فى الثوابت بغرض التأثير فى وعى المواطن العربى و تجنيدة .
وهنا بدء البحث عن سُبل التصدى لتلك التغييرات والجرائم المستحدثه ، والتى تُعرف بالجرائم السيبرانية ،وظهور مصطلح الأمن السيبرانى للتصدى لتلك الهجمات. وهنا كان التساؤل هل للقانون دوراً يلعبه للتصدى لتلك المستجدات ، فهل يكون التصدى بوجود القانون الذى يُجرم تلك الأفعال هل وجود القانون كافياً أم يحتاج الأمر توافر إلى ثقافه لدى المجتمع أم يحتاج توافرهما معاً القانون والثقافه أى يلزم وجود ثقافه قانونية. نرى وجود قانون غير كافى للتعامل مع المستجدات فيحب توافر الثقافه القانونية لدى المجتمع ،لكن هل البيئة العربية ملائمة لإستعاب تلك الثقافه.
موضوع الدراسة :
سعت تلك الدراسة لتناول البيئة العربية ومدى ملائمتها للثقافه القانون،أن وجود ثقافة القانون لدى المجتمع يؤثر بشكل كبير على تفاعلات وتعاملات الأشخاص ونمط تفكيرهم وتعاطيهم مع مختلف الموضوعات.
الكلمات المفتاحية :
التحقيق البرلمانى، تقصى الحقائق، الرقابه البرلمانيه، الإستقطاب البرلمانى ، الصفه البرلمانية .
digital rights and inclusion in Africa, ensuring best practices
are adopted into policy and legislation. This report analyses
the state of digital rights and inclusion in Egypt, examining
violations and gaps, investigating the use and application of
policy and legislation, highlighting milestones and
proffering recommendations for the digital landscape in
Egypt. This edition captures among other issues, the digital
divide worsened by the COVID- pandemic and unearths
infractions on different thematic areas such as privacy,
access to information, and freedom of expression with the
legislative and policy background well enunciated
Egypt, especially in the context of freedom of expression and freedom of
assembly, the right to access the internet, and for access to information, and
the right to knowledge; and to explore the impacts of the political context on
civic space in general and digital rights in particular.