Graduate Studies and Research

—IP Spoofing has often been exploited by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks to (1) conceal flooding sources and dilute localities in flooding traffic, and (2) coax legitimate hosts into becoming reflectors, redirecting and amplifying flooding traffic. Thus, the ability to filter spoofed IP packets near victim servers is essential to their own protection and prevention of becoming involuntary DoS reflectors. Although an attacker can forge any field in the IP header, he cannot falsify the number of hops an IP packet takes to reach its destination. More importantly, since the hop-count values are diverse, an attacker cannot randomly spoof IP addresses while maintaining consistent hop-counts. On the other hand, an Internet server can easily infer the hop-count information from the Time-to-Live (TTL) field of the IP header. Using IP to Hop Count mapping, the server can distinguish spoofed IP packets from legitimate ones. Based on this observation, we present a novel filtering technique, called Dynamic Path Update based HCF that builds Dynamic IP to Hope Count mapping table—to detect and discard spoofed IP packets. Dynamic Path Update based HCF is easy to deploy, as it does not require any support from the underlying network.

This work presents Wavelet-Modified Single Layer Linear Forward Only Counter Propagation Network (MSLLFOCPN) technique to solve image compression. In this technique, it inherits the properties of localizing the global spatial and frequency correlation from wavelets. Function approximation and prediction are obtained from neural networks. As a result counter propagation network was considered for its superior performance and the research enable us to propose a new neural network architecture named single layer linear counter propagation network (SLLC). The combination of wavelet and SLLC network were tested on several benchmark images and the experimental results shows that an enhancement in picture quality, compression ratio and approximation or prediction comparable to existing and traditional neural networks.

The development of Internet and multimedia technologies that grow exponentially, resulting in the amount of information managed by computer is necessary. This causes serious problems in storage and transmission image data. Therefore, should be ...

Compression basically employs redundancy in the data. Compression is the process of reducing the size of a file by encoding its data information more efficiently. By doing this, the result is a reduction in the number of bits and bytes used to store the information. In effect, a smaller file size is generated in order to achieve a faster transmission of electronic files and a smaller space required for its downloading. Compression is done by using compression algorithms that rearrange and reorganize data information so that it can be stored more economically. This is done by using a compression/decompression program that alters the structure of the data temporarily for transporting, reformatting, archiving, saving, etc. Lossless Compression is a type of compression that can reduce files without a loss of information in the process. The original file can be recreated exactly when uncompressed. Huffman compression is a lossless compression algorithm that is ideal for compressing text or program files. This probably explains why it is used a lot in compression programs like ZIP or ARJ. In this article we represent principles of Huffman code which is used for compression. Huffman coding is based on the frequency of occurrence of a data item. The principle is to use a lower number of bits to encode the data that occurs more frequently. Codes are stored in a Code Book which may be constructed for each image or a set of images. In all cases the code book plus encoded data must be transmitted to enable decoding.

One of the Quality Policy statements for Botho University (BU) is to produce internationally and global employable graduates. This helps BU to make meaningful contributions to sustainable development in Botswana through the provision of high quality education. The study was motivated by the desire to establish perceptions of Botswana industry as regards BU Student Industrial Attachment (SIA) Programme introduced in 2011. The population for the study constituted 601 organizations which had at one time or another have taken BU students on attachment, and a convenience sample of 200 was taken in Gaborone, and 150 questionnaires were fully completed and returned, representing a 75 % response rate. The major finding of the study was that industry had a positive perception and a supportive attitude towards the attachment programme. However, further research regarding duration of the attachment, timing and intergrated curriculum development is needed in order to reinforce the attachment programme.

The purpose of this research was to examine how employer branding is used as a tool for attracting and retaining talent in private higher education institutions. Literature shows that employer brand is very important if well implemented and communicated in highlighting an institution as an attractive employment destination, that is, as an employment destination of choice. A structured questionnaire, that employed a five-point Likert scale, from strongly agree to strongly disagree was used as a data collection instrument. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse and interpret data. Results of the study showed that private higher education institutions deploy a number of employer branding strategies to attract and retain talent. Furthermore, results also showed that biographical factors such as age and education are critical issues authorities in PHEIs should look at when designing, implementing and communicating their brands as these have an effect on how talent perceive the PHEIs as attractive workplaces as well as on how long talent will remain as an employee at the institutions.

One of the Quality Policy statements for Botho University (BU) is to produce internationally and global employable graduates. This helps BU to make meaningful contributions to sustainable development in Botswana through the provision of high quality education. The study was motivated by the desire to establish perceptions of Botswana industry as regards BU Student Industrial Attachment (SIA) Programme introduced in 2011. The population for the study constituted 601 organizations which had at one time or another have taken BU students on attachment, and a convenience sample of 200 was taken in Gaborone, and 150 questionnaires were fully completed and returned, representing a 75 % response rate. The major finding of the study was that industry had a positive perception and a supportive attitude towards the attachment programme. However, further research regarding duration of the attachment, timing and intergrated curriculum development is needed in order to reinforce the attachment pr...