Papers by Iskandar Iskandar
This study examines the effectiveness of fly ash-bottom ash (FABA) from Suge Steam Power Station,... more This study examines the effectiveness of fly ash-bottom ash (FABA) from Suge Steam Power Station, Belitung Island, Indonesia. FABA will formulated with compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as Komfaba an ameliorant for a source of nutrition for the growth of corn, eggplant, and tomato. The study was carried out in a greenhouse experiment by applying compost and FABA in three comparisons, ie 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75; two doses of Komfaba 1250 g/pot and 2500 g/pot; and two doses of AMF 2.5 g/pot and 5 g/pot. Plants growth were observed until the vegetative phase and analyzed the number of mycorrhizal infections in plant roots. In general, Komfaba composed of compost:FABA=75:25, at a dose of 2500 g/pot and AMF 2.5 g/pot produced significant increase in few growth parameters (plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and root length) of corn, eggplant and tomato. Fly ash-bottom ash can be used as a soil amendment agent and provides better results when combined with compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Utilization of fly ash - bottom ash, compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of crops
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
This study examines the effectiveness of fly ash-bottom ash (FABA) from Suge Steam Power Station,... more This study examines the effectiveness of fly ash-bottom ash (FABA) from Suge Steam Power Station, Belitung Island, Indonesia. FABA will formulated with compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as Komfaba an ameliorant for a source of nutrition for the growth of corn, eggplant, and tomato. The study was carried out in a greenhouse experiment by applying compost and FABA in three comparisons, ie 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75; two doses of Komfaba 1250 g/pot and 2500 g/pot; and two doses of AMF 2.5 g/pot and 5 g/pot. Plants growth were observed until the vegetative phase and analyzed the number of mycorrhizal infections in plant roots. In general, Komfaba composed of compost:FABA=75:25, at a dose of 2500 g/pot and AMF 2.5 g/pot produced significant increase in few growth parameters (plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and root length) of corn, eggplant and tomato. Fly ash-bottom ash can be used as a soil amendment agent and provides better results when combined with co...
Application of solid and liquid organic matter to increase P availability in Inceptisol
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but its supply in the soil is limited by tw... more Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but its supply in the soil is limited by two constraints, namely small in amount and small in its availability. In acidic soil, P is tied up by Al and Fe, while in high soil pH, P is bound by Ca. Thus, to increase the availability of P in the soils, prepared organic matter may be added. The quality of prepared organic matter depends on the type of source material, composting process, and the method of application. To find out the effects of applying solid and liquid organic matter on the availability of P in the soil, this glasshouse experiment involving the application of five treatments of organic matter on corn, which was planted in Inceptisol, was conducted. Two organic matters used were solids: cow manure compost [CMC] and goat manure compost [GMC]; and the other three were in liquid form: composted cow manure extract [CCME], composted goat manure extract [CGME], and humic substance [HS]. Based on the results on the observed...
Journal of Tropical Soils, 2017
Coal bottom ash and cattle manure can be used as soil ameliorant. The application of coal bottom ... more Coal bottom ash and cattle manure can be used as soil ameliorant. The application of coal bottom ash and cattle manure can improve the soil chemical properties, such as pH and the amounts of available nutrients in soil. The objective of the study was to understand the effect of coal bottom ash and cow manure application on soil chemical properties and heavy metal contents in soil and mustard (Brassica juncea). A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, including three treatment factors, i.e. age of coal bottom ash (fresh, 4 months and 2 years), dose of coal bottom ash, i.e. 0, 40 and 80 Mg ha-1, and dose of cattle manure, i.e. 0 and 10 Mg ha-1. The results show that the application of coal bottom ash and cattle manure increased the pH and the amounts of total-N, available-P and exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Mg) of the soil. The application of coal bottom ash increased the amounts of Pb, Cd and Co in the soil, but did not increase the amounts of Pb and Co in mustard, while th...
Land, 2021
Tropical forests are among the most diverse ecosystems in the world, completed by huge biodiversi... more Tropical forests are among the most diverse ecosystems in the world, completed by huge biodiversity. An expansion in natural resource extraction through open-pit mining activities leads to increasing land and tropical forest degradation. Proper science-based practices are needed as an effort to reclaim their function. This paper summarizes the existing practice of coal mining, covering the regulatory aspects and their reclamation obligations, the practices of coal mining from various sites with different land characteristics, and the reclamation efforts of the post-mining landscapes in Indonesia. The regulations issued accommodate the difference between mining land inside the forest area and outside the forest area, especially in the aspect of the permit authority and in evaluating the success rate of reclamation. In coal-mining practices, this paper describes starting from land clearing activities and followed by storing soil layers and overburden materials. In this step, proper ha...
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but its supply in the soil is
limited by tw... more Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but its supply in the soil is
limited by two constraints, namely small in amount and small in its availability. In acidic soil,
P is tied up by Al and Fe, while in high soil pH, P is bound by Ca. Thus, to increase the
availability of P in the soils, prepared organic matter may be added. The quality of prepared
organic matter depends on the type of source material, composting process, and the method of
application. To find out the effects of applying solid and liquid organic matter on the
availability of P in the soil, this glasshouse experiment involving the application of five
treatments of organic matter on corn, which was planted in Inceptisol, was conducted. Two
organic matters used were solids: cow manure compost [CMC] and goat manure compost
[GMC]; and the other three were in liquid form: composted cow manure extract [CCME],
composted goat manure extract [CGME], and humic substance [HS]. Based on the results on
the observed parameters, at 7 weeks after planting, the application of CMC produced the
highest increase in available-P in the soil, followed by GMC, HS, CGME, and CCME, in that
order. In either solid or liquid form, the applied organic matter significantly raised available-P,
total-N, organic-C, cation exchange capacity [CEC], soil electrical conductivity [EC], and
exchangeable bases in the soil, with the solid organic matters performing better, overall, than
their liquid counterparts. Future research on closely related technical and economic aspects is
recommended.
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
This study examines the effectiveness of fly ash-bottom ash (FABA) from Suge
Steam Power Station,... more This study examines the effectiveness of fly ash-bottom ash (FABA) from Suge
Steam Power Station, Belitung Island, Indonesia. FABA will formulated with compost and
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as Komfaba an ameliorant for a source of nutrition for
the growth of corn, eggplant, and tomato. The study was carried out in a greenhouse
experiment by applying compost and FABA in three comparisons, ie 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75;
two doses of Komfaba 1250 g/pot and 2500 g/pot; and two doses of AMF 2.5 g/pot and 5
g/pot. Plants growth were observed until the vegetative phase and analyzed the number of
mycorrhizal infections in plant roots. In general, Komfaba composed of
compost:FABA=75:25, at a dose of 2500 g/pot and AMF 2.5 g/pot produced significant
increase in few growth parameters (plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and root
length) of corn, eggplant and tomato. Fly ash-bottom ash can be used as a soil amendment
agent and provides better results when combined with compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi.
Land, 2021
Tropical forests are among the most diverse ecosystems in the world, completed by huge
biodiversi... more Tropical forests are among the most diverse ecosystems in the world, completed by huge
biodiversity. An expansion in natural resource extraction through open-pit mining activities leads
to increasing land and tropical forest degradation. Proper science-based practices are needed as an
effort to reclaim their function. This paper summarizes the existing practice of coal mining, covering
the regulatory aspects and their reclamation obligations, the practices of coal mining from various
sites with different land characteristics, and the reclamation efforts of the post-mining landscapes in
Indonesia. The regulations issued accommodate the difference between mining land inside the forest
area and outside the forest area, especially in the aspect of the permit authority and in evaluating the
success rate of reclamation. In coal-mining practices, this paper describes starting from land clearing
activities and followed by storing soil layers and overburden materials. In this step, proper handling
of potentially acid-forming materials is crucial to prevent acid mine drainage. At the reclamation
stage, this paper sequentially presents research results and the field applications in rearranging
the overburden and soil materials, controlling acid mine drainage and erosion, and managing the
drainage system, settling ponds, and pit lakes. Many efforts to reclaim post-coal-mining lands
and their success rate have been reported and highlighted. Several success stories describe that
post-coal-mining lands can be returned to forests that provide ecosystem services and goods. A set
of science-based best management practices for post-coal-mine reforestation is needed to develop
to promote the success of forest reclamation and restoration in post-coal-mining lands through the
planting of high-value hardwood trees, increasing trees’ survival rates and growth, and accelerating
the establishment of forest habitat through the application of proper tree planting technique. The
monitoring and evaluation aspect is also crucial, as corrective action may be taken considering the
different success rates for different site characteristics.
Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 2016
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of humic materials and compost on soil chemic... more The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of humic materials and compost on soil chemical properties and plant growth. The research was conducted in the Nickel Mine Land in PT Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk., Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi. Soil analysis was carried out in the Laboratory of Soil Research Institution, Bogor. Experiments were performed using randomized block design factorial 2 factors, with: Humic material level (0; 0.5; and 1.0 ml/plant) and compost level dosage (0.0; 1.0; and 2.5 kg/plant). The results showed that humic material and compost affect the improvement of the soil chemical properties. The combination of humic material and compost were able to increase N total, CEC, P, available base and saturation exchangeable. Humic material able to reduce Cr and Ni available in the soil. Whereas compost and combination of humic materials and compost able to reduce Ni available in the soil. Humic material and compost were also significantly affect the plant height, root lenght, diameter, nodule, and biomass. The best treatment was 1.0 ml and compost 2.5 kg to plant growth.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim, 2015
Abstrak. Karakteristik tanah yang terbentuk dari batuan skis dan kesesuaian lahannya untuk tanama... more Abstrak. Karakteristik tanah yang terbentuk dari batuan skis dan kesesuaian lahannya untuk tanaman kakao di Kabupaten Kolaka dan Kolaka Timur belum banyak diketahui. Empat profil tanah yang terbentuk dari batuan skis telah dianalisis contoh tanahnya untuk mengetahui karakteristik tanah dan kesesuaian lahannya untuk kakao. Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan dilakukan dengan cara mencocokkan antara karakteristik lahan dengan persyaratan tumbuh tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi mineral fraksi pasir didominasi oleh kuarsa, sedangkan mineral liat tersusun dari kaolinit, ilit, vermikulit, dan interstratifikasi ilit-vermikulit. Tanah dicirikan oleh tekstur lempung sampai liat, bobot isi sedang hingga tinggi (0,95-1,41 g cm-3), air tersedia rendah hingga tinggi (7-19%), dan permeabilitas lambat sampai sedang (0,22-2,74 cm jam-1). Reaksi tanah masam (pH 4,60-5,41). Kandungan C organik rendah hingga sangat rendah (0,21-1,71%). Kandungan P tersedia sangat rendah (<6 mg kg-1), sed...
REKLAMASI LAHAN-LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG: Beberapa Permasalahan Terkait Sifat-sifat Tanah dan Solusinya
RINGKASAN UU No. 4/2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara mengamatkan agar lahanlahan bek... more RINGKASAN UU No. 4/2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara mengamatkan agar lahanlahan bekas tambang direklamasi agar berfungsi kembali sesuai dengan peruntukkannya. Agar keinginan tersebut dapat tercapai maka kegiatan reklamasi harus dilakukan dengan bersungguh-sungguh. Pada kegiatan reklamasi dengan tujuan untuk revegetasi seringkali lahan sulit ditanami karena berbagai penyebab, seperti tanah sangat padat, tidak subur, masam, erosi tinggi, dan lain-lain. Makalah ini menyajikan beberapa permasalahan dan cara penanganan yang dijumpai dalam kegiatan reklamasi, mulai dari penataan lahan, pengendalian erosi dan sedimentasi, perbaikan kualitas tanah, revegetasi, dan pengelolaan air asam tambang. Kata kunci: air asam tambang, erosi, lahan bekas tambang, pemadatan tanah, reklamasi, revegetasi PENDAHULUAN Lahan-lahan tambang mineral dan batubara dapat berada pada kawasan hutan ataupun areal penggunaan lain (APL). Status kawasan ini akan menentukan tujuan utama penggunaan lahan dari reklamasi lahan bekas tambang: dihutankan kembali, ditanami tanaman perkebunan, ditanami tanaman pangan, menjadi areal peternakan atau perikanan, lokasi ekowisata, lahan basah, dan lain-lain. Untuk menentukan penggunaan lahan tersebut aspek tataruang perlu dipertimbangkan dengan seksama, yang dalam pelaksanaannya perlu juga mempertimbangkan kebutuhan masyarakat, kepentingan Pemda, kepemilikan lahan, dan lain-lain. Proses penambangan, khususnya pada tambang permukaan, akan menghilangkan semua vegetasi di lokasi yang akan ditambang, seperti pohon, semak-belukar, perakaran tanaman, benih, mikroorganisme, termasuk berpindahnya hewan liar. Proses ini tentunya akan menghilangkan fungsi-fungsi kawasan bervegetasi tersebut, seperti menyediakan berbagai hasil hutan, tempat hidup hewan liar, pangan, dan kawasan penyerap air atau sumber air, dan lain-lain. Oleh sebab itu lahan-lahan bekas tambang
Penambangan merupakan salah satu aktivitas manusia setelah pertanian yang sudah dikenal sejak jam... more Penambangan merupakan salah satu aktivitas manusia setelah pertanian yang sudah dikenal sejak jaman prasejarah. Kedua kegiatan ini secara bersamasama telah menjadi kegiatan dasar atau primer pada perkembangan awal kebudayaan manusia dan sampai saat ini tetap secara kontinyu menjadi sumber dasar untuk memenuhi keperluan kebudayaan manusia modern. Kegiatan pertambangan telah memberikan kontribusi besar dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan di seluruh dunia. Tambang-tambang batubara, minyak dan gas menyediakan sumber energi, sementara tambang-tambang mineral menyediakan berbagai bahan baku untuk keperluan industri. Bahan-bahan tambang golongan C, seperti batu, pasir, kapur, juga tidak ketinggalan memberikan sumbangan yang
The regulatory role of mine soil properties in the growth of revegetation plants in the post-mine landscape of East Kalimantan
Ecological Indicators
The growth of revegetation plants in post-mining areas is determined by the mine soil quality, wh... more The growth of revegetation plants in post-mining areas is determined by the mine soil quality, which strongly depends on the physical and chemical properties of the original soil. Visual observation of revegetation plants in two ex-coal mining areas in East Kalimantan, i.e. Lati and Sambarata sites, showed a clear difference in plants growth. This research aims to study the role of the physical and chemical properties of mine soil on the growth rate of revegetation plants so that it can be used to develop a sustainable ex-mining land reclamation strategy. The observation plots on each ex-mining land were grouped into (0-2), (2-4), (4-6), (6-8), (8-10), and (10-12) years since revegetation. In each group, soil sampling was carried out at a depth of 0-30 cm for analysis of soil physical and chemical properties. Observations were also made on the development of plant growth. The better revegetation plant growth at Sambarata site compared to those at Lati site was indicated by the composition of the stand structure, stem diameter, and plant height. Both sites have a similar texture, which is dominated by silt, and slightly higher bulk densities at Sambarata site compared to those at Lati site. Hence, not soil physical properties but soil chemistry played a regulatory role in the growth of revegetation plants. Here, the exchangeable cations at Sambarata site were dominated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ , whereas those at Lati site were dominated by Al 3+. Linked with a high base saturation, the pH, organic C, total N, and available P2O5 mine soil quality of the Sambarata site were more favourable for plants growth. Thus, in reclamation activities in postmining areas, soil quality improvement using lime, rock phosphate, and compost is indispensable to increase soil fertility and establish fast revegetation.
Ecological Indicators, 2022
The growth of revegetation plants in post-mining areas is determined by the mine soil quality, wh... more The growth of revegetation plants in post-mining areas is determined by the mine soil quality, which strongly depends on the physical and chemical properties of the original soil. Visual observation of revegetation plants in two ex-coal mining areas in East Kalimantan, i.e. Lati and Sambarata sites, showed a clear difference in plants growth. This research aims to study the role of the physical and chemical properties of mine soil on the growth rate of revegetation plants so that it can be used to develop a sustainable ex-mining land reclamation strategy. The observation plots on each ex-mining land were grouped into (0-2), (2-4), (4-6), (6-8), (8-10), and (10-12) years since revegetation. In each group, soil sampling was carried out at a depth of 0-30 cm for analysis of soil physical and chemical properties. Observations were also made on the development of plant growth. The better revegetation plant growth at Sambarata site compared to those at Lati site was indicated by the composition of the stand structure, stem diameter, and plant height. Both sites have a similar texture, which is dominated by silt, and slightly higher bulk densities at Sambarata site compared to those at Lati site. Hence, not soil physical properties but soil chemistry played a regulatory role in the growth of revegetation plants. Here, the exchangeable cations at Sambarata site were dominated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ , whereas those at Lati site were dominated by Al 3+. Linked with a high base saturation, the pH, organic C, total N, and available P2O5 mine soil quality of the Sambarata site were more favourable for plants growth. Thus, in reclamation activities in postmining areas, soil quality improvement using lime, rock phosphate, and compost is indispensable to increase soil fertility and establish fast revegetation.
Chemical, Physical and Microbial Characteristics of Peat Soil Cultivated with Sago Palm in Tebing Tinggi Island, Riau Islands During and One Year after Land and Forest Fire
Journal of Tropical Soils
It is generally known that zeolite has potential for heavy metal adsorption. The objectives of t... more It is generally known that zeolite has potential for heavy metal adsorption. The objectives of this study were to synthesize and characterize zeolite ZSM-5 and to figure out the adsorption capacity of zeolite ZSM-5 for heavy metals of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+. Characterization of zeolite ZSM-5 included some variables i.e. crystal structure (XRD), morphology (SEM), specific surface area and total pore volume (N2 physisorption). Adsorption capacity of zeolite ZSM-5 was analysed using a batch system with heavy metals of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ in various concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm) with contact times 30, 60, 90, 120 and 250 minutes. Adsorption data was calculated by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of zeolite ZSM-5 against heavy metals of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+, were 74.07, 69.93 and 60.24 mg g-1, respectively. These indicated that synthetic zeolite ZSM-5 had potential to adsorb heavy metals. The results also suggested t...
Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
Aluminumhydroxy-smectite (AHS), known also as pillared clay, has some specific c...haracteristics... more Aluminumhydroxy-smectite (AHS), known also as pillared clay, has some specific c...haracteristics such as: wide specificsurface area, high basal spacing, and stable at significant high temperature. The AHS was produced from smectite andpolymer aluminum-hydroxy. In industrial sector, this product can be used as cracking-catalyst, absorber, and molecular sieveup to 500°C. Similar product can be constructed from vermiculite, and the aluminumhydroxy-vermiculite (AHV) is predicted have a better thermal stability than AHS due to higher charge density of vermiculite that adsorb more aluminumhydroxy than that of smectite.Related to the above background the objectives of the research were to study the effects of cation valence in theinterlayer space of vermiculite using Li and Ml ions in the formation process and the chemical characteristics of AHV. Liand Mg-vermiculites with different particle sizes are reacted with polymer aluminum-hydroxy' at 100°C temperature.Solution of 2% Locron wa...
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Papers by Iskandar Iskandar
limited by two constraints, namely small in amount and small in its availability. In acidic soil,
P is tied up by Al and Fe, while in high soil pH, P is bound by Ca. Thus, to increase the
availability of P in the soils, prepared organic matter may be added. The quality of prepared
organic matter depends on the type of source material, composting process, and the method of
application. To find out the effects of applying solid and liquid organic matter on the
availability of P in the soil, this glasshouse experiment involving the application of five
treatments of organic matter on corn, which was planted in Inceptisol, was conducted. Two
organic matters used were solids: cow manure compost [CMC] and goat manure compost
[GMC]; and the other three were in liquid form: composted cow manure extract [CCME],
composted goat manure extract [CGME], and humic substance [HS]. Based on the results on
the observed parameters, at 7 weeks after planting, the application of CMC produced the
highest increase in available-P in the soil, followed by GMC, HS, CGME, and CCME, in that
order. In either solid or liquid form, the applied organic matter significantly raised available-P,
total-N, organic-C, cation exchange capacity [CEC], soil electrical conductivity [EC], and
exchangeable bases in the soil, with the solid organic matters performing better, overall, than
their liquid counterparts. Future research on closely related technical and economic aspects is
recommended.
Steam Power Station, Belitung Island, Indonesia. FABA will formulated with compost and
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as Komfaba an ameliorant for a source of nutrition for
the growth of corn, eggplant, and tomato. The study was carried out in a greenhouse
experiment by applying compost and FABA in three comparisons, ie 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75;
two doses of Komfaba 1250 g/pot and 2500 g/pot; and two doses of AMF 2.5 g/pot and 5
g/pot. Plants growth were observed until the vegetative phase and analyzed the number of
mycorrhizal infections in plant roots. In general, Komfaba composed of
compost:FABA=75:25, at a dose of 2500 g/pot and AMF 2.5 g/pot produced significant
increase in few growth parameters (plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and root
length) of corn, eggplant and tomato. Fly ash-bottom ash can be used as a soil amendment
agent and provides better results when combined with compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi.
biodiversity. An expansion in natural resource extraction through open-pit mining activities leads
to increasing land and tropical forest degradation. Proper science-based practices are needed as an
effort to reclaim their function. This paper summarizes the existing practice of coal mining, covering
the regulatory aspects and their reclamation obligations, the practices of coal mining from various
sites with different land characteristics, and the reclamation efforts of the post-mining landscapes in
Indonesia. The regulations issued accommodate the difference between mining land inside the forest
area and outside the forest area, especially in the aspect of the permit authority and in evaluating the
success rate of reclamation. In coal-mining practices, this paper describes starting from land clearing
activities and followed by storing soil layers and overburden materials. In this step, proper handling
of potentially acid-forming materials is crucial to prevent acid mine drainage. At the reclamation
stage, this paper sequentially presents research results and the field applications in rearranging
the overburden and soil materials, controlling acid mine drainage and erosion, and managing the
drainage system, settling ponds, and pit lakes. Many efforts to reclaim post-coal-mining lands
and their success rate have been reported and highlighted. Several success stories describe that
post-coal-mining lands can be returned to forests that provide ecosystem services and goods. A set
of science-based best management practices for post-coal-mine reforestation is needed to develop
to promote the success of forest reclamation and restoration in post-coal-mining lands through the
planting of high-value hardwood trees, increasing trees’ survival rates and growth, and accelerating
the establishment of forest habitat through the application of proper tree planting technique. The
monitoring and evaluation aspect is also crucial, as corrective action may be taken considering the
different success rates for different site characteristics.