Papers by Gerald B Cleaver
International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2016
The notion of the black hole singularity and the proof of the singularity theorem were considered... more The notion of the black hole singularity and the proof of the singularity theorem were considered great successes in classical general relativity. Singularities had presented deep puzzles to physicists. Conceptual challenges were set up by the intractability of the singularity. The existence of black hole horizons which cover up the interior, including the singularity of the black hole from outside observers, builds an information curtain, further hindering physicists from understanding the nature of the singularity and the interior structure of black holes. The regular black hole is a concept produced out of multiple attempts of establishing a tractable and understandable interior structure for black hole as well as avoiding the singularity behind the black hole horizon. A method is needed to check the correctness of the new constructions of black holes. After studying the Hawking radiation by fermion tunnelling from one type of regular black hole, structure dependent results were obtained. The result being structure dependent points out the prospects of employing the Hawking radiation as a method to probe into the structure of black holes.
SO(10) SUSY-GUTs Based on Superstrings
Phenomenological Survey of a String Derived MSSM
Recently, we demonstrated the existence of heterotic-string solutions in which the observable sec... more Recently, we demonstrated the existence of heterotic-string solutions in which the observable sector effective field theory just below the string scale reduces to that of the MSSM, with the standard observable gauge group being just SU(3)C x SU(2)L x SU(2)Y and the SU(3)C x SU(2)L x SU(2)_Y-charged spectrum of the observable sector consisting solely of the MSSM spectrum. Associated with this model is a set of distinct flat directions of vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of non-Abelian singlet fields that all produce solely the MSSM spectrum. In this talk we (1) present our string derived MSSM and (2) study the effective superpotential induced by these choices of flat directions. We investigate whether sufficient degrees of freedom exist in these singlet flat directions to satisfy various phenomenological constraints imposed by the observed Standard Model data. For each flat direction, the effective superpotential is given to sixth order. The variations of the singlet and hidden secto...
In this letter, we construct a model based on a flipped SU(5) partial grand unified theory, withi... more In this letter, we construct a model based on a flipped SU(5) partial grand unified theory, within the framework of the Randall-Sundrum (RS1) proposal. Breaking of SU(5) is achieved using a bulk scalar field in the 10 of SU(5), Φ, which gains a vacuum expectation value < Φ> ∼ 3 × 10^15 GeV. We are able to retain the successes of the flipped SU(5) phenomenology, namely the elimination of the doublet-triplet splitting problem and the confinement of all fields to the smallest (1, 5̅, and 10) representations of SU(5). We derive the beta functions, and point out some constraints on bulk matter content implied by the runnings (and positivity) of the five dimensional coupling. Finally, we comment on baryon decay and show the fine-tuning problem required to prevent an exponentially short proton lifetime.
Comments on Fractional Superstrings
Using the factorization approach of Gepner and Qiu, I systematically rederive the closed fraction... more Using the factorization approach of Gepner and Qiu, I systematically rederive the closed fractional superstring partition functions for K= 4, 8, and 16. For these theories the relationship between the massless graviton and gravi- tino sector and the purely massive sectors is explored. Properties of the massive sectors are investigated. A twist current in these models is found responsible for the occurrence of N=1 space-time supersymmetry. I show this twist current transforms bosonic (fermionic) projection states into fermionic (bosonic) non-projection states and vice-versa.
The implications of string theory for understanding the dimension of uncompactified spacetime are... more The implications of string theory for understanding the dimension of uncompactified spacetime are investigated. Using recent ideas in string cosmology, a new model is proposed to explain why three spatial dimensions grew large. Unlike the original work of Brandenberger and Vafa, this paradigm uses the theory of random walks. A computer model is developed to test the implications of this new approach. It is found that a four-dimensional spacetime can be explained by the proper choice of initial conditions.
By invoking the relativistic spectral radiance, as derived by Lee and Cleaver [1], the drag radia... more By invoking the relativistic spectral radiance, as derived by Lee and Cleaver [1], the drag radiation pressure of a relativistic planar surface moving through an isotropic radiation field, with which it is in thermal equilibrium, is determined in inertial and non-inertial frames. The forward- and rearward-directed emission radiation pressures are also derived and compared. A fleeting (inertial frames) or ongoing (some non-inertial frames) Carnot cycle is shown to exist as a result of an intra-surfaces temperature gradient. The drag radiation pressure on an object with an arbitrary frontal geometry is also described.
We investigate some issues relating to recently proposed fractional superstring theories with D_ ... more We investigate some issues relating to recently proposed fractional superstring theories with D_ critical<10. Using the factorization approach of Gepner and Qiu, we systematically rederive the partition functions of the K=4, 8, and 16 theories and examine their spacetime supersymmetry. Generalized GSO projection operators for the K=4 model are found. Uniqueness of the twist field, ϕ^K/4_K/4, as source of spacetime fermions is demonstrated. Last, we derive a linear (rather than quadratic) relationship between the required conformal anomaly and the conformal dimension of the supercurrent ghost.
I review how traditional grand unified theories, which require adjoint (or higher representation)... more I review how traditional grand unified theories, which require adjoint (or higher representation) Higgs fields for breaking to the standard model, can be contained within string theory. The status (as of January 1996) of the search for stringy free fermionic three generation SO(10) SUSY--GUT models is discussed. Progress in free fermionic classification of both SO(10)_2 charged and uncharged embeddings and in N=1 spacetime solutions is presented. Based on talks presented at the Workshop on SUSY Phenomena and SUSY GUTs, Santa Barbara, California, Dec. 7-11, 1995, and at the Orbis Scientiae, Coral Gables, Florida, January 25-28, 1996. Appearing in the Proceedings of Orbis Scientiae, 1996.
Consistent heterotic free fermionic string models are classified in terms of their number of spac... more Consistent heterotic free fermionic string models are classified in terms of their number of spacetime supersymmetries, N. For each of the six distinct choices of gravitino sector, we determine what number of supersymmetries can survive additional GSO projections. We prove by exhaustive search that only three of the six can yield N = 1, in addition to the N = 4, 2, or 0 that five of the six can yield. One choice of gravitino sector can only produce N = 4 or 0. Relatedly, we find that only Z_2, Z_4, and Z_8 twists of the internal fermions with worldsheet supersymmetry are consistent with N=1 in free fermionic models. Any other twists obviate N=1.
We derive expressions for the Ricci curvature tensor and scalar in terms of intrinsic torsion cla... more We derive expressions for the Ricci curvature tensor and scalar in terms of intrinsic torsion classes of half-flat manifolds by exploiting the relationship between half-flat manifolds and non-compact G 2 holonomy manifolds. Our expressions are tested for Iwasawa and more general nilpotent manifolds. We also derive expressions, in the language of Calabi-Yau moduli spaces, for the torsion classes and the Ricci curvature of the particular half-flat manifolds that arise naturally via mirror symmetry in flux compactifications. Using these expressions we then derive a constraint on the Kähler moduli space of type II string theories on these half-flat manifolds.
arXiv: General Physics, 2014
This paper contends that the spacetime distortions resulting from the experimentally obtainable e... more This paper contends that the spacetime distortions resulting from the experimentally obtainable electric field of a parallel plate capacitor configuration cannot be detected by the White-Juday Warp Field Interferometer [1]. Any post-processing results indicating a vanishing, non-zero difference between the charged and uncharged states of the capacitor are due to local effects rather than spacetime perturbations.
Heliyon, 2017
In this note, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation is shown to be capable of functioni... more In this note, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation is shown to be capable of functioning as a Random Bit Generator, and constitutes an effectively infinite supply of truly random one-time pad values of arbitrary length. It is further argued that the CMB power spectrum potentially conforms to the FIPS 140-2 standard. Additionally, its applicability to the generation of a (n × n) random key matrix for a Vernam cipher is established.
Physics Letters B, 2017
In this Letter, we study analytically the evolutions of the flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Wal... more In this Letter, we study analytically the evolutions of the flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe and its linear perturbations in the framework of the dressed metric approach in loop quantum cosmology (LQC). Assuming that the evolution of the background is dominated by the kinetic energy of the inflaton at the quantum bounce, we find that both evolutions of the background and its perturbations are independent of the inflationary potentials during the preinflationary phase. During this period the effective potentials of the perturbations can be well approximated by a Pöschl-Teller (PT) potential, from which we find analytically the mode functions and then calculate the corresponding Bogoliubov coefficients at the onset of the slow-roll inflation, valid for any inflationary model with a single scalar field. Imposing the Bunch-Davies (BD) vacuum in the contracting phase prior to the bounce when the modes are all inside the Hubble horizon, we show that particles are generically created due to the pre-inflation dynamics. Matching them to those obtained in the slow-roll inflationary phase, we investigate the effects of the pre-inflation dynamics on the scalar and tensor power spectra and find features that can be tested by current and forthcoming observations. In particular, to be consistent with the Planck 2015 data, we find that the universe must have expanded at least 141 e-folds since the bounce.
International Journal of Modern Physics A, 2016
This paper examines the interaction of an intense fermion field with all of the particle species ... more This paper examines the interaction of an intense fermion field with all of the particle species of an attometer primordial black hole’s (PBH) high energy Hawking radiation spectrum. By extrapolating to Planck-sized PBHs, it is shown that although Planck-sized PBHs closely simulate the zero absorption requirement of white holes, the absorption probability is not truly zero, and therefore, thermodynamically, Planck-sized primordial black holes are not true white holes.
New Astronomy, 2017
By invoking inverse temperature as a van Kampen-Israel future-directed timelike 4-vector, this pa... more By invoking inverse temperature as a van Kampen-Israel future-directed timelike 4-vector, this paper derives the Relativistic Blackbody Spectrum, the Relativistic Wien's Displacement Law, and the Relativistic Stefan-Boltzmann Law in inertial and non-inertial reference frames. This paper makes use of the inverse temperature 4-vector to derive the Relativistic Planck's Law, the Relativistic Wien's Displacement Law, and the Relativistic Stefan-Boltzmann Law in inertial reference frames. In order to describe correctly the relativistic blackbody spectrum, relativistic beaming and Doppler shifting, in addition to relativistic temperature transformation, must be considered. Additionally, the non-inertial reference frame case is established with the azimuthally-constant 4-acceleration and, when necessary, the proper time derivative of the spectral radiance, the wavelength of maximum irradiance, and the radiation irradiance. Also, non-trivial solutions are sought for equal spectral radiances, equal wavelengths of maximum irradiance, and equal irradiances of the relativistic and radiation frame blackbody spectra.
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 2016
The relativistic Doppler shifting of visible electromagnetic radiation to beyond the human ocular... more The relativistic Doppler shifting of visible electromagnetic radiation to beyond the human ocular range reduces the incident radiance of the source. Consequently, luminous astrophysical bodies (LABs) can be rendered invisible with sufficient relativistic motion. This paper determines the proper distance as a function of relativistic velocity at which a luminous object attains ocular invisibility.
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2016
We first derive the primordial power spectra, spectral indices and runnings of both scalar and te... more We first derive the primordial power spectra, spectral indices and runnings of both scalar and tensor perturbations of a flat inflationary universe to the second-order approximations of the slowroll parameters, in the framework of loop quantum cosmology with the inverse-volume quantum corrections. This represents an extension of our previous work in which the parameter σ was assumed to be an integer, where σ characterizes the quantum corrections and in general can take any of values from the range σ ∈ (0, 6]. Restricting to the first-order approximations of the slow-roll parameters, we find corrections to the results obtained previously in the literature, and point out the causes for such errors. To our best knowledge, these represent the most accurate calculations of scalar and tensor perturbations given so far in the literature. Then, fitting the perturbations to the recently released data by Planck (2015), we obtain the most severe constraints for various values of σ. Using these constraints as our referring point, we discuss whether these quantum gravitational corrections can lead to measurable signatures in the future cosmological observations. We show that, depending on the value of σ, the scale-dependent contributions to the relativistic inflationary spectra due to the inverse-volume corrections could be well within the range of the detectability of the forthcoming generations of experiments, such as the Stage IV experiments.
Modern Physics Letters A, 2016
By invoking the relativistic spectral radiance, as derived by Lee and Cleaver,1 the drag radiatio... more By invoking the relativistic spectral radiance, as derived by Lee and Cleaver,1 the drag radiation pressure of a relativistic planar surface moving through an isotropic radiation field, with which it is in thermal equilibrium, is determined in inertial and non-inertial frames. The forward- and backward-directed emission radiation pressures are also derived and compared. A fleeting (inertial frames) or ongoing (some non-inertial frames) Carnot cycle is shown to exist as a result of an intra-surfaces temperature gradient. The drag radiation pressure on an object with an arbitrary frontal geometry is also described.
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Papers by Gerald B Cleaver