Abolishing the Martial Wage Premium in Greece: Employment and Participation Effects on Minimum Wage Workers
Social Science Research Network, 2020
We estimate the employment and labour force participation effects resulting from the abolition of... more We estimate the employment and labour force participation effects resulting from the abolition of the marital allowance - a 10 percent mandatory top-up in the Minimum Wage (MW) for married individuals - in Greece in November 2012. Using data from the Greek LFS over the period 2008:Q1-2016:Q1 we do not find any differential change in the probability of employment for individuals depending on their marital status for the whole sample. However, excluding individuals for whom the MW may not be of relevance (individuals between 50 to 64 years of age and individuals with second stage tertiary education), we find that married individuals are 1.26 percentage points more likely to be employed after the reform (relative to singles). Moreover, we find that the probability of labour force participation after the reform is 1.42 percentage points higher for married individuals – a result driven by higher participation rates of married females after the beginning of the crisis, which is evidence in favour of the added worker effect.
In this paper we build a model of trade in vertically differentiated products and find that incom... more In this paper we build a model of trade in vertically differentiated products and find that income inequality can affect the demand for imports even in the presence of homothetic preferences. The empirical importance of changes in inequality on the demand for imports is then assessed by examining US data for the 1948-1996 period. Using the Johansen (1988) procedure we find that there is no evidence of a long run relationship of a standard imports equation (one including imports, income, and relative prices). However, once we include a measure of inequality in our VAR specification we find not only evidence for the existence of a cointegrating equation in imports, income, relative prices and inequality, but that the evolution of inequality has a large and positive influence on the demand for imports in the US. Moreover we find that our results are robust to alternative methods of estimating cointegration equations.
This paper uses a model of trade in vertically differentiated products to examine the effects of ... more This paper uses a model of trade in vertically differentiated products to examine the effects of "excessive wage" increases (i.e. above productivity) on the volume of commodity imports. The model predicts that for commodities, in which the country has comparative advantage in high quality varieties, an increase in "excessive wages" may result in a decrease in the volume of imports. The empirical validity of the model's predictions is demonstrated with the use of disaggregated Japanese import data for the period 1967-95. We also find that the aggregate volume of Japanese imports is not responsive to "excessive wage" changes.
This paper evaluates two approaches to work-sharing by examining both within the same macro model... more This paper evaluates two approaches to work-sharing by examining both within the same macro model. The standard approach involves imposing a quantity constraint on labour market participants (a maximum number of standard hours for each worker). This approach is compared to a revenue-neutral employment subsidy financed by a tax on overtime hours-an initiative intended to harness market incentives. The paper shows that the second approach brings much preferred results-it involves lower unemployment, higher investment, and no reduction in the wage earnings of those already employed. The analysis suggests that policymakers should not reject work-sharing just because they are (justifiably) skeptical of mandated reductions in hours. The model involves the following features: (i) it is optimization-based (so there is a well-defined reason for labour market failure); (ii) it facilitates the investigation of trade-offs (so it can be determined whether improvements in unemployment must be accompanied by reductions in productivity, investment, average hours or wage rates); (iii) it involves a small open economy (so concerns about the limits to independent policy in this setting are respected); and (iv) it can be readily calibrated (so empirically relevant quantitative results are derived).
Part IIntroduction Part IIEuropes Institutions Part IIIFiscal and Financial Policies Part IVOne M... more Part IIntroduction Part IIEuropes Institutions Part IIIFiscal and Financial Policies Part IVOne Money, One Economy?
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
We explain the public's support for the minimum wage (MW) institution despite economists' warning... more We explain the public's support for the minimum wage (MW) institution despite economists' warnings that the MW is a "blunt instrument" for redistribution. To do so we build a model in which workers are heterogeneous in ability, and the government engages in redistribution through the public provision of private goods. We show that the MW institution is politically viable only when there is a limited degree of in-kind redistribution. To examine the empirical relevance of our hypothesis we investigate the relationship between the probability of adopting MW legislation and the size of primary government spending by employing a dataset of 38-developing and developed-countries from 1960 to 2017. Probit model estimations yield support for our theoretical prediction that a decrease in government spending increases the likelihood of a country enacting MW legislation. This negative association remains highly robust under alternative empirical specifications and estimation techniques.
Distributional Implications of Unemployment-Reducing Policies
Journal of Income Distribution®, 2021
We study the distributional implications that follow from the fact that higher-income households ... more We study the distributional implications that follow from the fact that higher-income households tend to consume higher-quality goods. This is done through a two-sector model in which one sector produces vertically differentiated products, whose skill intensity is an increasing function of quality. The skilled-to-unskilled wage ratio is fixed at a level sufficiently low that some unskilled workers remain unemployed. We show that uniform technological progress increases the unemployment rate, and we consider a number of policy responses to alleviate the “plight of the less-skilled”. Political economy consequences are emphasized, as we assess each policy’s chance of receiving political support. We conclude that a budget-neutral subsidy for the employment of unskilled workers is a viable policy option.
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